Ukuhlela idatha ebonakalayo

1. Isici: amakristalu acwebezelayo amhlophe kuya kubomvu, anombala omnyama uma egcinwe emoyeni isikhathi eside.

2. Ubuningi (g/mL, 20/4℃): 1.181.

3. Ubuningi obuhlobene (20℃, 4℃): 1.25. 4.

Indawo yokuncibilika (ºC): 122~123. 5.

Iphuzu lokubila (ºC, ngengcindezi yomoya): 285~286. 6.

6. iphuzu lokushelela(ºC): 153. 7. ukuncibilika: okungancibiliki.

Ukuncibilika: akuncibiliki emanzini abandayo, kuncibilika emanzini ashisayo, i-ethanol, i-ether, i-chloroform, i-benzene, i-glycerin kanye ne-lye [1].

Ukuhlela idatha

1, inkomba ye-Molar refractive: 45.97

2. Umthamo we-molar (cm3/mol): 121.9

3, ivolumu ethize ye-Isotonic (90.2K): 326.1

4, Ukungezwani kobuso (3.0 dyne/cm): 51.0

5, isilinganiso se-Polarization (0.5 10-24cm3): 18.22 [1]

Imvelo nokuzinza

hlela

1. Ubuthi bufana ne-phenol, futhi buyinto ebolisa kakhulu. Bucasula kakhulu isikhumba. Bumuncwa kalula esikhumbeni. Bunobuthi ekujikelezeni kwegazi nasezinso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bungabangela umonakalo we-cornea. Nakuba inani elibulalayo lingaziwa, kube nezigameko zokufa ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwangaphandle kwe-3 kuya ku-4g. Imishini yokukhiqiza kufanele ivalwe futhi ingavuzi, futhi kufanele ihlanzwe ngesikhathi uma ifafazwa esikhumbeni. Ama-workshop kufanele angene umoya futhi imishini kufanele ingangeni moya. Abasebenzi kufanele bagqoke izimpahla zokuzivikela.

2. Uma ivutha, umbala wokugcina isikhathi eside uba mnyama kancane kancane, uzinzile emoyeni, kodwa uma iboniswa elangeni kancane kancane uba mnyama. I-Sublimation ngokushisa, enephunga le-phenol elicasulayo.

3. ekhona kugesi yomoya ogelezayo. 4.

4. Isixazululo samanzi siphenduka sibe luhlaza nge-ferric chloride [1].

Indlela yokugcina

hlela

1. Ifakwe izikhwama zepulasitiki, amasaka noma izikhwama ezilukiwe, isisindo esiphelele singama-50kg noma ama-60kg ngesikhwama ngasinye.

2. Indawo yokugcina kanye nokuthuthwa kufanele kungashi, kungangeni umswakama, kungangeni ukungcola. Kugcinwe endaweni eyomile, enomoya. Gcina futhi uthuthe ngokwemithetho yezinto ezivuthayo nezinobuthi.

Indlela yokwenziwa

hlela

1. Yenziwe nge-naphthalene ngokusebenzisa i-sulfonation kanye nokuncibilika kwe-alkali. Ukuncibilika kwe-alkali ye-sulfonation kuyindlela yokukhiqiza esetshenziswa kabanzi ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, kodwa ukugqwala kukhulu, izindleko ziphezulu futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-oxygen emanzini angcolile kuphezulu. Indlela ye-2-isopropylnaphthalene eyathuthukiswa yi-American Cyanamid Company ithatha i-naphthalene kanye ne-propylene njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, futhi ikhiqiza imikhiqizo engaphansi kwe-2-naphthol kanye ne-acetone ngesikhathi esisodwa, okufana nesimo se-phenol nge-isopropylbenzene. Isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa: 1170kg/t i-naphthalene encane, 1080kg/t i-sulfuric acid, 700kg/t i-soda eqinile ye-caustic.

2. Shisa i-naphthalene emsulwa encibilikisiwe ibe ngu-140℃, ngesilinganiso se-naphthalene:sulfuric acid = 1:1.085 (isilinganiso se-molar), i-sulfuric acid engu-98% ngemizuzu engama-20, kanye ne-sulfuric acid engu-98% ngemizuzu engama-20.

Ukusabela kuzophela lapho okuqukethwe yi-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid kufinyelela ngaphezu kwama-66% kanti i-acidity iyonke ingu-25%-27%, khona-ke ukusabela kwe-hydrolysis kuzokwenziwa ku-160℃ ihora eli-1, ama-naphthalene amahhala azopheshulwa umhwamuko wamanzi ku-140-150℃, bese kuthi ubuningi obuhlobene be-naphthalene engu-1.14 bungezwe kancane nangokulinganayo ku-80-90℃ kusengaphambili. Isixazululo se-sodium sulfite asisuswa kuze kube yilapho iphepha lokuhlola elibomvu laseCongo lingashintshi okwesibhakabhaka. Ukusabela kwegesi ye-sulfur dioxide ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi esifanele ngokususwa komusi, imikhiqizo ye-neutralization ipholiswe ku-35 ~ 40 ℃ ukupholisa amakristalu, imunca amakristalu esihlungi ngamanzi anosawoti angu-10%, omile, engezwe esimweni esincibilikisiwe se-98% sodium hydroxide ku-300 ~ 310 ℃, ivuselela futhi igcine i-320 ~ 330 ℃, ukuze isisekelo se-sodium 2-naphthalene sulfonate sihlanganiswe ne-2-naphthol sodium, bese kusetshenziswa amanzi ashisayo ukuze kuncibilikiswe isisekelo, bese kudlulela ngenhla. Nciphisa i-sulfur dioxide ekhiqizwa ukusabela, ukusabela kwe-acidification ku-70 ~ 80 ℃ kuze kube yilapho i-phenolphthalein ingenambala. Imikhiqizo ye-acidification izoba yi-static layering, ungqimba oluphezulu loketshezi olufudunyezwayo lube yi-bolling, static, ihlukaniswe ibe ungqimba lwamanzi, umkhiqizo ongcolile we-2-naphthol kuqala ukufudumala ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, bese kuba yi-decompression distillation, kungaba umkhiqizo omsulwa.

3. Indlela yokukhipha nokukhipha ikristalu ukususa i-1-naphthol ku-2-naphthol. Hlanganisa i-2-naphthol namanzi ngesilinganiso esithile bese ushisa ku-95℃, uma i-2-naphthol incibilikile, vuselela ingxube ngamandla bese wehlisa izinga lokushisa ku-85℃ noma ngaphezulu, pholisa umkhiqizo we-slurry ocijile uye ekushiseni kwegumbi bese ukuhlunga. Okuqukethwe kwe-1-naphthol kungalandelelwa ngokuhlaziywa kobumsulwa. 4.

Ikhiqizwa yi-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid ngokuncibilika kwe-alkali [2].

Indlela yokugcina

hlela

1. Ifakwe izikhwama zepulasitiki, amasaka noma izikhwama ezilukiwe, isisindo esiphelele singama-50kg noma ama-60kg ngesikhwama ngasinye.

2. Indawo yokugcina kanye nokuthuthwa kufanele kungashi, kungangeni umswakama, kungangeni ukungcola. Kugcinwe endaweni eyomile, enomoya. Gcina futhi uthuthe ngokwemithetho yezinto ezivuthayo nezinobuthi.

Sebenzisa

hlela

1. Izinto ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo zodayi, ezisetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwe-tartaric acid, i-butyric acid, i-β-naphthol-3-carboxylic acid, futhi ezisetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwe-antioxidant butyl, i-antioxidant DNP kanye nezinye izinto ezilwa nokuvuvukala, imibala ephilayo kanye nemithi yokukhunta.

2. Isetshenziswa njenge-reagent yokunquma i-sulfonamide nama-aromatic amines nge-chromatography yengqimba encane. Iphinde isetshenziswe ekwakhiweni kwezinto eziphilayo.

3. Isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa i-cathodic polarization, ukuhlanza i-crystallization nokunciphisa usayizi we-pore ku-acidic tin plating. Ngenxa yemvelo yalo mkhiqizo yokungathandi amanzi, okuqukethwe ngokweqile kuzobangela ukujiya kwe-gelatin kanye nemvula, okuholela emigqeni ku-plating.

4. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwe-acid orange Z, i-acid orange II, i-acid black ATT, i-acid mordant black T, i-acid mordant black A, i-acid mordant black R, i-acid complex pink B, i-acid complex red brown BRRW, i-acid complex black WAN, i-color phenol AS, i-color phenol AS-D, i-color phenol AS-OL, i-color phenol AS-SW, i-active bright orange X-GN, i-active bright orange K-GN, i-active red K-1613, i-active red K-1613, i-active bright orange X-GN, i-active bright orange K-GN. I-Neutral Purple BL, i-Neutral Black BGL, i-Direct Copper Salt Blue 2R, i-Direct Sunlight Resistant Blue B2PL, i-Direct Blue RG, i-Direct Blue RW kanye nezinye izinhlobo zodayi [2].

ULWAZI LWESIVUMELWANO