Njengengxenye ebalulekile yomkhakha wezinto ezintsha, imboni yezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali iyinsimu entsha enamandla amakhulu kanye nekhono lokuthuthuka embonini yamakhemikhali. Izinqubomgomo ezifana necebo elithi “Uhlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lwe-14” kanye necebo elithi “Double Carbon” zonke ziye zaqhuba kahle ubuchwepheshe bomphumela wemboni.

Izinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali zifaka i-fluorine ephilayo, i-silicon ephilayo, ukonga amandla, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, amakhemikhali kagesi, uyinki nezinye izinto ezintsha. Zibhekisela kulezo ezithuthukisiwe nezisathuthukiswa njengamanje ezinemisebenzi emihle kakhulu noma imisebenzi ethile ekhethekile engenazo izinto zamakhemikhali zendabuko. Zezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali. Izinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali zinesikhala esikhulu sokusetshenziswa emikhakheni yezimoto, ezokuthutha ngesitimela, ezokuhamba ngezindiza, ulwazi lwe-elekthronikhi, imishini ephezulu, ukonga amandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, imishini yezokwelapha, kanye nokwakhiwa kwedolobha.

Izigaba eziyinhloko zezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali
Njengoba zihlukaniswe ngokwezigaba zezimboni, izinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali zifaka izigaba ezintathu: esinye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali ephezulu emikhakheni emisha, esinye izinhlobo eziphezulu zezinto zamakhemikhali zendabuko, kanti esesithathu izinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali ezikhiqizwa ngokucubungula kwesibili (ukumbozwa okuphezulu, izinamathiselo eziphezulu), izinto ze-membrane ezisebenzayo, njll.).

Izinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali zifaka kakhulu amapulasitiki obunjiniyela kanye nama-alloy awo, izinto ze-polymer ezisebenzayo, i-silicon ephilayo, i-fluorine ephilayo, imicu ekhethekile, izinto ezihlanganisiwe, izinto zamakhemikhali kagesi, izinto zamakhemikhali ze-nano, irabha ekhethekile, i-polyurethane, ama-polyolefin asebenza kahle kakhulu, izembozo ezikhethekile, okukhethekile Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi ezifaka phakathi izinamathiselo kanye nezengezo ezikhethekile.

Inqubomgomo iqhuba ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe kwezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali eShayina kwaqala ngawo-1950 nawo-1960, futhi izinqubomgomo ezifanele zokusekela kanye neziqondisayo zethulwa ngokulandelana ukuze kudalwe indawo enhle yokukhula embonini entsha yezinto zamakhemikhali eShayina. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, ucwaningo lwaseShayina ngezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali luye lwafinyelela imiphumela eminingi yocwaningo oluphumelelayo, futhi izinto ezintsha ezithuthukisiwe zisetshenziswe ngempumelelo emikhakheni eminingi futhi zilethe izindaba ezinhle ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni eziningi eShayina.

Ukuhlaziywa kohlelo lobuchwepheshe oluhlobene "noHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu lwe-14" lwemboni entsha yezinto zamakhemikhali

Njengoba ibhekene "noHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu lwe-14", ngenxa yezinkinga imboni ebhekene nazo ezincane kakhulu, isakhiwo esingenangqondo, ubuchwepheshe obuncane bokuqala, ukuntuleka kokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe obuvamile, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko obulawulwa abanye, i-New Material Industry Innovation Development Forum inqume ukulungisa amaphutha, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza, nokukhuthaza izinhlelo zokusebenza. , Qaphela imisebenzi ebalulekile emikhakheni emine.

Ngokuhambisana no-“Umhlahlandlela Wokuthuthukiswa Kweminyaka Eyishumi Nane Wemboni Yezinto Ezintsha Zamakhemikhali” okhishwe yi-China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation ngoMeyi 2021, kuhlelwe ukuthi ngesikhathi “soHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lwe-14”, imali engenayo eyinhloko yebhizinisi embonini yezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali ezweni lami kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwempahla ezinzile Londoloza ukukhula okusheshayo futhi ulwele ukufeza izimboni eziphezulu nezihlukile ngo-2025, ngezinguquko ezinkulu ezindleleni zokuthuthukisa kanye nokuthuthuka okukhulu kwekhwalithi yokusebenza komnotho.

Ukuhlaziywa komfutho wezobuchwepheshe wemboni entsha yezinto zamakhemikhali ngesu lokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kanye nokufinyelela phezulu kwekhabhoni

Eqinisweni, isu le-dual-carbon liqhubeka nokwenza ngcono isakhiwo semboni futhi lithuthukise izinga lobuchwepheshe lemboni ngentuthuko enemingcele, futhi likhuthaza intuthuko yomnotho ngendlela esezingeni eliphezulu neqondayo. Ngokuhlaziya ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo kohlangothi lokuhlinzekwa kanye nokufunwa kwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, chaza umphumela oshukumisayo waleli su embonini entsha yezinto zamakhemikhali.

Umthelela womgomo wekhabhoni ephindwe kabili ngokuyinhloko ukwenza ngcono ukunikezwa nokudala isidingo. Ukwenza ngcono ukunikezwa kuboniswa ekucindezelweni kwamandla okukhiqiza emuva kanye nokukhuthazwa kwezinqubo ezintsha. Amandla okukhiqiza amasha emikhiqizweni eminingi yamakhemikhali anqunyelwe ngokuphelele, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kanye nemikhiqizo yokukhipha ukungcola okuphezulu embonini yamakhemikhali yamalahle yendabuko. Ngakho-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali ezingashintshwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-catalyst amasha kusetshenziselwa ukwandisa izinga lokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa nokwandisa igesi yokukhipha ugesi. Ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni bese kancane kancane kushintsha amandla okukhiqiza emuva akhona.

Isibonelo, ubuchwepheshe bamuva be-DMTO-III be-Dalian Institute of Chemical Technology abugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kweyunithi ye-methanol kube ngamathani angu-2.66, i-catalyst entsha ikhulisa futhi isivuno sama-olefin monomers, igwema isinyathelo sokuqhekeka kwe-C4/C5, futhi inciphisa ngqo ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe obusha be-BASF buthatha indawo yegesi yemvelo njengomthombo wokushisa wokuqhekeka kwe-ethylene ngesithando esisha esinama-heater kagesi, okunganciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide ngamaphesenti angama-90.

Ukudalwa kwesidingo nakho kunezincazelo ezimbili: enye iwukwandisa isidingo sokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali ezikhona, kanti enye iwukushintsha izinto ezindala ngezinto ezintsha ezinobungani nemvelo kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ephansi. Eyokuqala ithatha amandla amasha njengesibonelo. Izimoto ezintsha zamandla zisebenzisa inani elikhulu lezinto ezifana nama-elastomer e-thermoplastic, akhulisa ngqo isidingo sezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali ezihlobene. Kokugcina, ukushintshwa kwezinto ezindala ngezinto ezintsha ngeke kwandise kakhulu inani eliphelele lesidingo sokugcina, futhi okuningi kuzothinta ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Isibonelo, ngemuva kokukhuthazwa kwamapulasitiki abolayo, ukusetshenziswa kwamafilimu epulasitiki endabuko kuye kwehla.

Isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezindawo ezibalulekile zezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali. Ngokwesilinganiso semboni yezinto ezihlukanisiwe kanye nezinga lokuncintisana, izinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe kanye nezinkambu zokusetshenziswa kwazo: izinto ze-polymer ezithuthukisiwe, izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, kanye nezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali ezingaphili.

Ubuchwepheshe bezinto ze-polymer ezithuthukisiwe

Izinto ze-polymer ezithuthukisiwe zifaka phakathi irabha ye-silicone, i-fluoroelastomer, i-polycarbonate, i-silicone, i-polytetrafluoroethylene, amapulasitiki abolayo, i-polyurethane, kanye ne-ion exchange membranes, kanye nezigaba ezahlukahlukene. Ubuchwepheshe obudumile bezigaba ezincane buyafingqwa futhi buhlaziywa. Ubuchwepheshe bezinto ze-polymer ezithuthukisiwe zaseShayina bunokusabalala okubanzi kanye nohlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Phakathi kwazo, amasimu amakhemikhali e-polymer e-organic kanye nezingxenye zikagesi eziyisisekelo asebenza kakhulu.

Izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezisebenza kahle kakhulu

Izindawo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ocwaningweni embonini yezinto ezihlanganisiwe zaseShayina ezisebenza kahle kakhulu yizinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-polymer eziphilayo, izingxenye zikagesi eziyisisekelo, kanye nezindlela noma amadivayisi ajwayelekile angokwenyama noma amakhemikhali, acishe abe ngu-50%; Izinto eziphilayo zama-molecule zisetshenziswa njengezithako, kanti izindlela noma amadivayisi asetshenziswa ukuguqula amandla amakhemikhali abe amandla kagesi ngqo asebenza kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe.

Izinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali ezingaphili

Njengamanje, izinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali ezingaphili zifaka phakathi i-graphene, i-fullerene, i-electronic grade phosphoric acid kanye nezinye izigaba ezincane. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha bezinto zamakhemikhali ezingaphili kugxile kakhulu, futhi izindawo ezisebenzayo zobuchwepheshe obunelungelo lobunikazi zigxile ezingxenyeni eziyisisekelo zikagesi, amakhemikhali aphezulu e-organic Molecular, i-chemistry engaphili kanye neminye imikhakha.

Ngesikhathi "soHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu lwe-14", umbuso wakha izinqubomgomo ezifanele zokukhuthaza nokuqondisa intuthuko esheshayo yemboni entsha yezinto zamakhemikhali, kanti imboni entsha yezinto zamakhemikhali isibe ngenye yezindawo lapho imakethe yaseShayina ikhula kahle njengamanje. Ukuhlaziywa okubheke phambili kukholelwa ukuthi embonini entsha yezinto zamakhemikhali, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinqubomgomo ziqondisa isiqondiso sentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe yemboni entsha yezinto zamakhemikhali, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinqubomgomo zinhle ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni entsha yezinto zamakhemikhali, bese zikhuthaza imali yomphakathi ukuze kwandiswe ucwaningo olusha kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe obusha bezinto zamakhemikhali. Ngokutshalwa kwezimali, umsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe wemboni entsha yezinto zamakhemikhali ushisa ngokushesha.