Njengengxenye ebalulekile yomkhakha wezinto ezintsha, imboni yamakhemikhali entsha iyinsimu entsha enamandla amakhulu namandla okuthuthuka embonini yamakhemikhali. Izinqubomgomo ezifana ne-“14th Five-Year Plan” kanye ne-“Double Carbon” isu zonke zibuqhubele kahle ubuchwepheshe bomphumela wemboni.

Izinto zamakhemikhali ezintsha zifaka i-organic fluorine, i-silicon ephilayo, ukonga amandla, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, amakhemikhali kagesi, oyinki nezinye izinto ezintsha. Babhekisela kulezo ezithuthukisiwe njengamanje nezingaphansi kokuthuthukiswa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu noma imisebenzi ethile ekhethekile izinto zamakhemikhali endabuko ezingenayo. Kwezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali. Izinto zamakhemikhali ezintsha zinendawo enkulu yokufaka isicelo emikhakheni yezimoto, ezokuthutha ngojantshi, ezondiza, ulwazi lwe-elekthronikhi, okokusebenza okusezingeni eliphezulu, ukonga amandla nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, okokusebenza kwezokwelapha, kanye nokwakhiwa kwamadolobha.

Izigaba eziyinhloko zezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali
Ihlukaniswa ngokwezigaba zezimboni, izinto zamakhemikhali ezintsha zifaka izigaba ezintathu: enye iyimikhiqizo yamakhemikhali asezingeni eliphezulu emikhakheni emisha, enye iwuhlobo oluphezulu lwezinto ezisetshenziswa ngamakhemikhali endabuko, kanti okwesithathu izinto zamakhemikhali ezintsha ezikhiqizwa ngokucubungula kwesibili (okuphezulu- izigqoko zokugcina, ama-adhesives aphezulu) , Izinto ze-membrane ezisebenzayo, njll.).

Izinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa amapulasitiki obunjiniyela kanye nama-alloys awo, izinto ezisebenzayo ze-polymer, i-organic silicon, i-organic fluorine, imicu ekhethekile, izinto eziyinhlanganisela, izinto zamakhemikhali e-electronic, izinto zamakhemikhali e-nano, irabha ekhethekile, i-polyurethane, i-polyolefins esebenza kahle kakhulu, okokugqoka okukhethekile, okukhethekile. kunezigaba ezingaphezu kweshumi ezihlanganisa izinamatheliso nezithasiselo ezikhethekile.

Inqubomgomo iqhuba ukuqanjwa okusha kwezobuchwepheshe kwezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali
Ukwakhiwa kwezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali eShayina kwaqala ngeminyaka yawo-1950 nawo-1960, futhi izinqubomgomo ezifanele ezisekelayo nezivamile zethulwa ngokulandelana ukuze kwakhiwe indawo enhle yokukhula kwemboni entsha yezinto zamakhemikhali yaseShayina. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, ucwaningo lwaseShayina ngezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali belulokhu lwenziwe. eChina.

Ukuhlaziywa “koHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lweminyaka Emihlanu” oluhlobene nokuhlelwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwemboni entsha yezinto zamakhemikhali

Sibhekene “noHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lweminyaka Eyi-14”, uma kubhekwa izinkinga imboni ebhekene nazo nenani eliphelele, isakhiwo esingenangqondo, ubuchwepheshe obumbalwa bokuqala, ukuntuleka kokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo obulawulwa abanye, iNew Material Industry Innovation. I-Development Forum inqume ukulungisa ukushiyeka, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza, nokukhuthaza izinhlelo zokusebenza. , Bheka imisebenzi ebalulekile emikhawulweni emine.

Ngokuhambisana “Nomhlahlandlela Wokuthuthukiswa Kweminyaka Eyishumi Nane Wemboni Entsha Yezinto Zamakhemikhali” okhishwe yi-China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation ngoMeyi 2021, kuhlelwe ukuthi phakathi nesikhathi “soHlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-14”, ikhemikhali entsha yezwe lami. Imali engenayo yebhizinisi lezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwempahla egxilile Gcina ukukhula okusheshayo futhi uzame ukuzuza izimboni ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezihlukene ngo-2025, ngezinguquko eziphawulekayo ezindleleni zokuthuthukisa kanye nokwenza ngcono okukhulu kwekhwalithi yemisebenzi yezomnotho.

Ukuhlaziywa kokuqhutshwa kobuchwepheshe bemboni entsha yezinto zamakhemikhali ngesu lokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kanye nokukhuphuka kwekhabhoni

Eqinisweni, isu le-dual-carbon strategy ngokuqhubekayo lithuthukisa ukwakheka kwemboni futhi likhuphula izinga lobuchwepheshe lemboni ngentuthuko enezingqinamba, futhi likhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa komnotho ngendlela esezingeni eliphezulu nangendlela esimeme. Ngokuhlaziya ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo sohlangothi lokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo semikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, chaza umthelela walelisu embonini entsha yezinto zamakhemikhali.

Umthelela wenhloso yekhabhoni embaxambili ngokuyinhloko uwukuthuthukisa ukuhlinzekwa kanye nokudala isidingo. Ukuthuthukisa ukunikezwa kuhlanganiswe ekucindezelweni kwamandla okukhiqiza okubuyela emuva kanye nokukhuthazwa kwezinqubo ezintsha. Amandla amasha okukhiqiza emikhiqizo eminingi yamakhemikhali anomkhawulo ngokuqinile, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwamandla kanye nemikhiqizo ekhishwa kakhulu embonini yamakhemikhali yamalahle. Ngakho-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali ezishintshayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-catalysts amasha kusetshenziswa ukukhulisa izinga lokusebenzisa izinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nokwandisa igesi yokukhipha umoya. Yehlisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni futhi kancane kancane ubuyisele umthamo okhona wokukhiqiza osemuva.

Isibonelo, ubuchwepheshe bakamuva be-DMTO-III be-Dalian Institute of Chemical Technology abunciphisi nje kuphela ukusetshenziswa kweyunithi ye-methanol kuya kumathani angu-2.66, i-catalyst entsha futhi yandisa isivuno sama-olefin monomers, igwema isinyathelo sokuqhekeka se-C4/C5, futhi yehlisa ngokuqondile ikhabhoni. ukukhishwa kwe-oxide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe obusha be-BASF buthatha indawo yegesi yemvelo njengomthombo wokushisa wokuqhekeka kwesitimu se-ethylene ngesithando somlilo esisha esinamahitha kagesi, okunganciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide kuze kufike ku-90%.

Ukwakhiwa kwesidingo nakho kunezincazelo ezimbili: enye iwukwandisa isidingo sokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali ezikhona, kanti enye iwukuba esikhundleni sezinto ezindala kufakwe izinto ezintsha ezihambisana nemvelo nezikhipha ikhabhoni ephansi. Owokuqala uthatha amandla amasha njengesibonelo. Izimoto ezintsha zamandla zisebenzisa inani elikhulu lezinto ezinjengama-thermoplastic elastomers, akhulisa ngqo isidingo sezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali ezihlobene. Ekugcineni, ukushintshwa kwezinto ezindala ngezinto ezintsha ngeke kwandise kakhulu inani lesidingo esibulalayo, futhi okuningi kuzothinta ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe. Isibonelo, ngemuva kokukhuthazwa kwamapulasitiki awonakalayo, ukusetshenziswa kwamafilimu epulasitiki endabuko kwehlile.

Isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe sezindawo ezibalulekile zezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali. Ngokwesilinganiso semboni yempahla ehlukene kanye nezinga lokuncintisana, izinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe kanye nezindawo ezisetshenziswa kuzo: izinto ezithuthukisiwe ze-polymer, izinto eziyinhlanganisela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, nezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali ezingaphili.

Ubuchwepheshe bezinto ze-polymer ezithuthukisiwe

Izinto ezithuthukisiwe ze-polymer ikakhulukazi zifaka irabha ye-silicone, i-fluoroelastomer, i-polycarbonate, i-silicone, i-polytetrafluoroethylene, amapulasitiki abolayo, i-polyurethane, nolwelwesi lokushintshana kwe-ion, kanye nezigaba ezingaphansi ezihlukahlukene. Ubuchwepheshe obudumile bezigaba ezingaphansi bufinyezwa futhi buhlaziywe. Ubuchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo ze-polymer obuthuthukisiwe baseChina bunokusabalalisa okubanzi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Phakathi kwazo, izinkambu ze-organic polymer compounds kanye nezingxenye zikagesi eziyisisekelo zisebenza kakhulu.

Izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezisebenza kahle kakhulu

Izindawo zokucwaninga zemboni yezinto ezisetshenziswayo esebenza kahle kakhulu yaseShayina yizingxube ze-polymer ephilayo, izakhi zikagesi eziyisisekelo, nezindlela ezijwayelekile zomzimba noma zamakhemikhali noma izisetshenziswa, ezibalelwa cishe ku-50%; Ama-molecule ezinto eziphilayo asetshenziswa njengezithako, futhi izindlela noma amadivaysi asetshenziselwa ukuguqula amandla amakhemikhali abe amandla kagesi asebenza kakhulu ngobuchwepheshe.

Izinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali ezingaphili

Njengamanje, izinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali ezingaphili zibandakanya i-graphene, i-fullerene, i-electronic grade phosphoric acid nezinye izigaba ezincane. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha bezinto zamakhemikhali angaphili kugxile kakhulu, futhi izindawo ezisebenzayo zobuchwepheshe obunelungelo lobunikazi zigxile ezingxenyeni eziyisisekelo zikagesi, izinhlanganisela ze-organic high Molecular, chemistry ye-inorganic kanye neminye imikhakha.

Ngesikhathi "soHlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-14 Lweminyaka Emihlanu", umbuso wenze izinqubomgomo ezifanele ukukhuthaza kanye nokuqondisa intuthuko esheshayo yemboni yamakhemikhali entsha, futhi imboni entsha yezinto zamakhemikhali isibe ngesinye sezindawo lapho imakethe yaseShayina ikhula kahle njengamanje. . Ukuhlaziya okubheke phambili kukholelwa ukuthi embonini entsha yezinto zamakhemikhali, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinqubomgomo ziqondisa indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe embonini entsha yezinto zamakhemikhali, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinqubomgomo zinhle ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali. imboni, bese ikhuthaza imali yezenhlalakahle ukuze kwandiswe ucwaningo olusha nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha bezinto zamakhemikhali. Ngokutshalwa kwezimali, umsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe wemboni entsha yezinto zamakhemikhali ushisa ngokushesha.