Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-dimethylaniline, uketshezi olunamafutha angenambala kuya kokuphuzi, iphunga elicasulayo, emoyeni noma ngaphansi kwelanga ukusebenzisa i-Ze kuya kujula. Relative density (20℃/4℃) 0.9555, freezing point 2.0℃, boiling point 193℃, flash point (opening) 77℃, ignition point 317℃, viscosity (25℃) 1.528 MPa refractive) (1.528 MPa4. . Incibilika ku-ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene nezinye izinyibilikisi eziphilayo. Ingancibilikisa inhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo. Incibilika kancane emanzini. Iyavutha, izosha emlilweni ovulekile, isitimu kanye nomoya ukwenza ingxube eqhumayo, umkhawulo weziqhumane ongu-1.2%~7.0% (vol). Ubuthi obuphezulu, ukubola okuphezulu kokushisa kokukhululwa kwegesi ye-aniline enobuthi. Ingamuncwa esikhumbeni futhi ibe nobuthi, i-LD501410mg/kg, ukugxila okuphezulu okuvumelekile emoyeni ngu-5mg/m3.

Izindlela zokugcina

1. Amanothi Esitoreji [25] Gcina endaweni epholile, nengena umoya. Gwema umlilo nokushisa. Gcina isitsha sivaliwe. Kufanele igcinwe ngokuhlukana nama-acids, ama-halogen namakhemikhali okudla, futhi akufanele ihlanganiswe. Hlomisa ngezinhlobonhlobo ezihambisanayo kanye nenani lemishini yokucisha umlilo. Indawo yokugcina kufanele ifakwe izinto zokwelashwa eziphuthumayo ezivuzayo kanye nezinto ezifanele zokugcina.

2. Kuvalwe ngesigubhu sensimbi, 180kg emgqonyeni ngamunye. Gcina endaweni epholile futhi enomoya. Gcina futhi uthuthe ngokuya ngemithethonqubo yezinto ezivuthayo nezinobuthi

Izindlela zokwenziwa

1. Nge-aniline ne-methanol phambi kwe-sulfuric acid, ngokusebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokusabela kokucindezela okukhulu. Ukugeleza kwenqubo: 1. Engeza u-790kg we-aniline, u-625kg we-methanol no-85kg we-sulfuric acid (100% ye-ammonium) ku-reactor, lawula izinga lokushisa elingu-210-215℃ kanye nokucindezela okungu-3.1MPa, sabela ku-4h, bese ukhulula ukucindezela, khipha okubalulekile kusihlukanisi, nciphisa nge-30% sodium hydroxide, yima, futhi uhlukanise usawoti ophansi we-quaternary ammonium. Kwabe sekuthi ukusabela kwe-hydrolysis ku-160℃, 0.7-0.9MPa 3h, i-hydrolyzate ewumphumela kanye namafutha angaphezulu kwahlanganiswa nokugeza kwamanzi kanye ne-vacuum distillation ukuze uthole umkhiqizo ophelile.

2, ene-methanol ne-aniline njengezisetshenziswa zokusetshenziswa, ngaphansi kwesimo se-methanol eyeqile, ukucindezela komkhathi, 200-250℃, ngokusebenzisa i-alumina catalyst synthesis. Isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwempahla eluhlaza: i-aniline 790kg/t, i-methanol 625kg/t, i-sulfuric acid 85kg/t. Amalungiselelo aselabhorethri angasabela i-aniline ne-trimethyl phosphate.

3. I-aniline ehlanganisiwe ne-methanol (i-N aniline: N methanol ≈ 1:3) futhi ijovelwe kwireactor efakwe i-catalyst ngesivinini sesikhala esingu-0.5h-1 ngephampu yemitha ye-non-pulse ephindaphindayo. Ukungcola okusabelayo kuqala kungena kusihlukanisi segesi esiyingilazi esiwuketshezi, futhi uketshezi oluqoqwe engxenyeni engezansi yesihlukanisi lukhishwa njalo ukuze luhlaziywe ngechromatographic.

4. Ngo-2001, i-Nankai University kanye ne-Tianjin Ruikai Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd ngokuhlanganyela bakha i-aniline methylation catalyst esebenza kahle kakhulu ukuze kuqashwe isigaba segesi se-N, N-dimethylaniline. Inqubo imi kanje: Ngemva kokuba i-aniline ewuketshezi ixutshwe ne-methanol ngesilinganiso, ishunqiswa embhoshongweni wokuhwamuka bese ingena esikhunjeni esineshubhu esinesivinini sesikhala esingu-0.5-1.0h-1 (umbhede ongashintshi we-reactor tubular. ifakwe i-nanometer solid catalyst esekelwe) yokukhiqiza okuqhubekayo ku-250-300 ℃ kanye nokucindezela komkhathi. Isivuno se-DMA singaphezu kwama-96%.

Indlela yokucwenga: ngokuvamile iqukethe i-aniline, i-N-methyl aniline nokunye ukungcola. Ngesikhathi sokucwengwa, i-N, i-N-dimethylaniline incibilika ku-40% we-sulfuric acid kanye ne-steam distillation yenziwa. I-sodium hydroxide yengezwa ukuze ibe yisisekelo. I-steam distillation iyaqhubeka. I-distillate ihlukaniswa ibe ungqimba olunamanzi futhi yomiswe nge-potassium hydroxide. I-distillation ekucindezelweni komkhathi phambi kwe-acetic anhydride. I-distillate yagezwa ngamanzi ukuze kukhishwe amanani omkhondo we-acetic anhydride, bese yomiswa nge-potassium hydroxide, kulandele i-barium oxide kanye ne-distillation ewohlokile emfudlaneni we-nitrogen. Ezinye izindlela zokucwenga zihlanganisa ukungeza i-acetic anhydride engu-10% kanye ne-reflux amahora amaningana ukuze kukhishwe ama-amine ayisisekelo nawesibili. Ngemuva kokupholisa, engeza i-hydrochloric acid engaphezu kuka-20% bese ukhipha nge-ether. Ungqimba lwe-hydrochloric acid lwenziwa i-alkaline ngokungeza i-alkali, bese lukhishwa nge-ether. Ungqimba lwe-ether lomiswa nge-potassium hydroxide bese luhlakazwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi ngaphansi kwe-nitrogen. I-N, i-N-dimethylaniline ingabuye iguqulelwe ku-picronate, ifakwe kabusha ibe yindawo encibilikayo engashintshi ngesisombululo esinamanzi esingu-10% se-sodium hydroxide ukuze ibole i-picronate. Khipha nge-ether, geza ngamanzi futhi wome ngemva kokukhishwa kwe-vacuum distillation.

5. I-Aniline, i-methanol ne-sulfuric acid ixutshwe ngokulingana futhi ihlanganiswe ku-autoclave. Ngemuva kokuthi umkhiqizo wokusabela utholakale ngokukhululeka kwengcindezi, i-alkali yengezwa ukuze i-neutralization, ukuhlukaniswa, bese umkhiqizo utholakala nge-vacuum distillation.

6. Ukusabela kwe-methylation kwe-aniline ne-trimethyl phosphate kungakhiqiza i-N, i-N-dimethylaniline: bese ikhishwa nge-ether, i-distillation eyomile.

7. N, N-dimethylaniline ingahlanganiswa ngokungeza ingxube ye-aniline ne-methanol ngesilinganiso esingu-1∶ 3.5 kumbhede we-catalytic we-Cu-Mn noma i-Cu-Zn-Cr Ziegler catalyst ku-280℃. I-N, i-N-dimethylaniline ewumphumela iqoqwa kuyunithi ye-distillation yamapuleti angama-54 ebangeni elingu-193 kuya ku-195℃ futhi ipakishwe emabhodleleni engilazi ansundu. Ukuze ulungiselele i-chromatography emsulwa i-N, i-N-dimethylaniline, i-nitrogen ingaba igesi ethwala, ekulungiseni i-chromatography yegesi ne-Ben 犅 yaku ikholomu ijove ukulungiswa kwe-N, N-dimethylaniline, ngokuhlukaniswa nokuqoqwa kwengxenye eyinhloko yengxenye ephakeme, bese emva kwalokho. singene uphawu ingilazi ampoule kungaba.

Inhloso eyinhloko

1. Enye yezinto eziyisisekelo zokusetshenziswa kodayi basezindaweni zikasawoti (i-triphenyl methane dyes, njll.) kanye nodayi abayisisekelo, izinhlobo eziyinhloko ziyi-alkaline ephuzi ngokugqamile, i-alkaline purple 5GN, i-alkaline eluhlaza, ichibi le-alkaline eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-5GN ebomvu ekhazimulayo, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhazimulayo, njll. N, N-dimethylaniline embonini yezemithi yokwenza i-cephalosporin V, i-sulfamilamide B-methoxymidine, i-sulfamilamide dimethoxymidine, i-fluorouracil, njll., embonini yephunga yokwenziwa kwe-vanillin, njll. 2. Isetshenziswa njenge i-solvent, i-metal preservative, i-ejenti ephulukisayo ye-epoxy resin, i-accelerator yokuphulukisa ye-polyester resin, i-catalyst ye-polymerization ye-ethylene compounds, njll. Ibuye isetshenziswe ekulungiseleleni udayi oyisisekelo we-triphenyl methane, odayi kanye ne-azonillin. 3. Lo mkhiqizo usetshenziswa njenge-catalyst yokwenza amapulasitiki e-polyurethane foam ngezinhlanganisela ze-organic tin. Iphinde isetshenziswe njenge-accelerator ye-rubber vulcanization, iziqhumane, izinto zokusetshenziswa kwemithi. Ingenye yezinto eziyisisekelo ezisetshenziswayo zokukhiqiza odayi basesisekelo (amadayi e-triphenyl methane, njll.) kanye namadayi ayisisekelo. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko eziyisisekelo eziphuzi ngokugqamile, eziyisisekelo ezinsomi BN, eziyisisekelo eziluhlaza, i-basic lake blue, brilliant red 5GN, brilliant blue, njll. N, N-dimethylaniline embonini yezemithi yokukhiqiza i-cephalosporin V, i-sulfamilamide N- methoxymidine, i-sulfamilamide - i-dimethoxymidine, i-fluorouracil, njll., embonini yephunga elimnandi lokwenziwa kwe-vanillin, njll. 4. Isetshenziswa njenge-accelerator yokuphulukisa ye-epoxy resin, i-polyester resin kanye ne-anaerobic adhesive, ukuze i-anaerobic adhesive ikwazi ukuphulukiswa ngokushesha. Ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-solvent, i-catalyst ye-polymerization ye-ethylene compounds, i-preservative yensimbi, i-ultraviolet absorber yezimonyo, i-sensitizer yokukhanya, njll. Futhi isetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwamadayi ayisisekelo, odayi abahlakazayo, odayi be-asidi, amafutha. odayi abancibilikayo nezinongo (i-vanillin) nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa. 5. I-Reagent esetshenziselwa ukunqunywa kwe-photometric ye-nitrite. Ibuye isetshenziswe njenge-solvent kanye ne-organic synthesis. 6. Isetshenziswa njengodayi ophakathi, i-solvent, i-stabilizer, i-reagent yokuhlaziya.