Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-dimethylaniline, uketshezi olunamafutha olungenambala kuya koluphuzi olukhanyayo, iphunga elicasulayo, emoyeni noma ngaphansi kwelanga ukusetshenziswa kwe-oxidation okulula i-Ze iba julile. Ubuningi obuhlobene (20℃/4℃) 0.9555, iphuzu lokuqandisa 2.0℃, iphuzu lokubilisa 193℃, iphuzu lokusheshisa (ukuvula) 77℃, iphuzu lokuvutha 317℃, i-viscosity (25℃) 1.528 MPa ·s, inkomba yokugqama (N20D) 1.5584. Incibilika ku-ethanol, i-ether, i-chloroform, i-benzene nezinye izinyibilikisi eziphilayo. Ingancibilikisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhemikhali e-organic. Incibilika kancane emanzini. Iyavutha, izosha emlilweni ovulekile, umusi kanye nomoya ukuze yakhe ingxube eqhumayo, umkhawulo wokuqhuma ongu-1.2% ~ 7.0% (vol). Ubuthi obuphezulu, ukubola okuphezulu kokushisa kokukhishwa kwegesi enobuthi ye-aniline. Ingamuncwa ngesikhumba futhi ibe nobuthi, i-LD501410mg/kg, ukuhlushwa okuphezulu okuvunyelwe emoyeni kungu-5mg/m3.

Izindlela zokugcina

1. Amanothi Okugcina [25] Gcina endaweni yokugcina izinto epholile, enomoya. Gcina kude nomlilo nokushisa. Gcina isitsha sivaliwe. Kufanele sigcinwe ngokwehlukana nama-acid, ama-halogen namakhemikhali okudla, futhi akufanele kuxutshwe. Hlomisa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nenani lemishini yokulwa nomlilo ehambisanayo. Indawo yokugcina izinto kufanele ifakwe imishini yokwelapha ephuthumayo evuzayo kanye nezinto zokugcina ezifanele.

2. Ivalwe ngedrama yensimbi, 180kg ngomgqomo. Gcina endaweni epholile nenomoya. Gcina futhi uthuthe ngokwemithetho yezinto ezivuthayo nezinobuthi

Izindlela zokwenziwa

1. Nge-aniline ne-methanol lapho kukhona i-sulfuric acid, ngokusebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokusabela kokucindezela okuphezulu. Ukugeleza kwenqubo: 1. Engeza i-aniline engu-790kg, i-methanol engu-625kg kanye ne-sulfuric acid engu-85kg (i-ammonium engu-100%) ku-reactor, lawula izinga lokushisa elingu-210-215℃ kanye nokucindezela okungu-3.1MPa, sabela amahora angu-4, bese ukhulula ingcindezi, khipha izinto ziye kusihlukanisi, susa i-sodium hydroxide engu-30%, ume, bese uhlukanisa usawoti we-quaternary ammonium ophansi. Bese ukusabela kwe-hydrolysis ku-160℃, 0.7-0.9MPa amahora ama-3, i-hydrolysate ephumayo kanye namafutha angaphezulu kwahlanganiswa nokuwasha ngamanzi kanye ne-vacuum distillation ukuze kutholakale umkhiqizo oqediwe.

2, ene-methanol ne-aniline njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, ngaphansi kwesimo se-methanol eningi, ingcindezi yomoya, 200-250℃, ngokusebenzisa ukwakheka kwe-alumina catalyst. Isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa: i-aniline 790kg/t, i-methanol 625kg/t, i-sulfuric acid 85kg/t. Ukulungiswa kwelabhorethri kungasabela ku-aniline nge-trimethyl phosphate.

3. I-aniline exubile kanye ne-methanol (i-N aniline: i-N methanol ≈ 1:3) bese ifakwa ku-reactor efakwe i-catalyst ngesivinini sesikhala esingu-0.5h-1 ngephampu yokulinganisa engashayi ngokushaya ephindaphindayo. Ukungcola kokusabela kuqala kungena ku-glass gas-liquid separator, bese uketshezi oluqoqwe engxenyeni engezansi ye-separator lukhishwa njalo ukuze luhlaziywe nge-chromatographic.

4. Ngo-2001, iNankai University kanye neTianjin Ruikai Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd bakha ngokubambisana i-aniline methylation catalyst esebenza kahle kakhulu ukuze kufezwe ukuhlanganiswa kwesigaba segesi se-N, N-dimethylaniline. Inqubo imi kanje: Ngemva kokuba i-aniline ewuketshezi ixutshwe ne-methanol ngokulingana, iyaphefumulwa embhoshongweni wokuphefumula bese ifakwa kwi-tubular reactor enesivinini sesikhala esingu-0.5-1.0h-1 (umbhede oqinile we-tubular reactor ifakwe i-nanometer solid catalyst esekelwayo) ukuze kukhiqizwe njalo ku-250-300℃ kanye nomfutho womoya. Isivuno se-DMA singaphezu kuka-96%.

Indlela yokucwenga: ivame ukuqukatha i-aniline, i-N-methyl aniline kanye nokunye ukungcola. Ngesikhathi sokucwenga, i-N, i-N-dimethylaniline incibilikiswa ku-40% sulfuric acid bese kwenziwa i-steam distillation. I-sodium hydroxide iyengezwa ukuze ibe lula. I-steam distillation iyaqhubeka. I-distillate ihlukaniswa ibe ungqimba lwamanzi bese yomiswa nge-potassium hydroxide. I-distillation ngomfutho womoya lapho kukhona i-acetic anhydride. I-distillate yagezwa ngamanzi ukuze kususwe inani elincane le-acetic anhydride, bese yomiswa nge-potassium hydroxide, kulandelwe yi-barium oxide kanye ne-distillation encishisiwe emfudlaneni we-nitrogen. Ezinye izindlela zokucwenga zifaka phakathi ukwengeza i-acetic anhydride engu-10% bese i-reflux amahora amaningana ukuze kususwe ama-amine ayisisekelo nawesibili. Ngemuva kokupholisa, engeza i-20% hydrochloric acid eyengeziwe bese ukhipha nge-ether. Ungqimba lwe-hydrochloric acid lwenziwa i-alkaline ngokungeza i-alkali, bese kukhishwa nge-ether. Ungqimba lwe-ether lomiswa nge-potassium hydroxide bese lucwengisiswa ngaphansi kwengcindezi ngaphansi kwe-nitrogen. I-N, i-N-dimethylaniline ingaguqulwa ibe yi-picronate, iphinde isetshenziswe endaweni yokuncibilika njalo ngesisombululo samanzi esifudumele esingu-10% sodium hydroxide ukuze sibolise i-picronate. Khipha nge-ether, ugeze ngamanzi bese womisa ngemva kokucwiliswa nge-vacuum.

5. I-Aniline, i-methanol kanye ne-sulfuric acid kuhlanganiswa ngokulingana bese kugoqwa ku-autoclave. Ngemva kokuba umkhiqizo wokusabela usubuyisiwe ngokukhululeka kwengcindezi, i-alkali iyangezwa ukuze ingabi nalutho, ihlukaniswe, bese umkhiqizo utholakala ngokucwiliswa kwe-vacuum.

6. Ukusabela kwe-methylation kwe-aniline kanye ne-trimethyl phosphate kungakhiqiza i-N, i-N-dimethylaniline: bese kukhishwa nge-ether, i-distillation eyomile.

7. I-N, i-N-dimethylaniline ingakhiwa ngokungeza ingxube ye-aniline ne-methanol ngesilinganiso esingu-1∶ 3.5 embhedeni we-catalytic we-Cu-Mn noma i-Cu-Zn-Cr Ziegler catalyst ku-280℃. I-N, i-N-dimethylaniline ephumelayo iqoqwa kuyunithi yokuhluza yamapuleti angu-54 aphakathi kuka-193 no-195℃ bese ifakwa emabhodleleni engilazi ansundu. Ukuze kulungiselelwe i-chromatography, i-N, i-N-dimethylaniline emsulwa, i-nitrogen ingaba yigesi ethwalayo, ekulungiseleleni i-chromatography yegesi enekholomu ye-Ben 犅 yaku, kufakwe ukulungiswa kwe-N, i-N-dimethylaniline, ngokuhlukaniswa nokuqoqwa kwengxenye eyinhloko yengxenye ephezulu, bese kuba se-glass ampoule seal.

Inhloso eyinhloko

1. Enye yezinto eziyisisekelo zokusetshenziswa zokukhiqiza udayi wesisekelo sikasawoti (udayi we-triphenyl methane, njll.) kanye nodayi oyisisekelo, izinhlobo eziyinhloko yi-alkaline bright yellow, i-alkaline purple 5GN, i-alkaline green, i-alkaline lake blue, i-brilliant red 5GN, i-brilliant blue, njll. I-N, i-N-dimethylaniline embonini yezemithi yokukhiqiza i-cephalosporin V, i-sulfamilamide B-methoxymidine, i-sulfamilamide dimethoxymidine, i-fluorouracil, njll., embonini yephunga lokukhiqiza i-vanillin, njll. 2. Isetshenziswa njengesinyibilikisi, isilondolozi sensimbi, i-epoxy resin, i-accelerator yokwelapha i-polyester resin, i-catalyst yokwenza i-polymerization yamakhemikhali e-ethylene, njll. Isetshenziswa futhi ekulungiseleleni udayi we-triphenyl methane oyisisekelo, udayi we-azo kanye ne-vanillin. 3. Lo mkhiqizo usetshenziswa njengesikhuthazi sokwenza amapulasitiki e-polyurethane foam anamakhemikhali e-organic tin. Isetshenziswa futhi njengesikhuthazi se-raber vulcanization, iziqhumane, izinto zokusetshenziswa zemithi. Ingenye yezinto eziyisisekelo zokusetshenziswa zokukhiqiza amadayi asekelwe esisekelo (amadayi e-triphenyl methane, njll.) kanye namadayi ayisisekelo. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ziphuzi elikhanyayo eliyisisekelo, i-BN eyisisekelo ensomi, eluhlaza okotshani, i-blue eyisisekelo, i-brilliant red 5GN, i-brilliant blue, njll. I-N, i-N-dimethylaniline embonini yemithi yokukhiqiza i-cephalosporin V, i-sulfamilamide N-methoxymidine, i-sulfamilamide – dimethoxymidine, i-fluorouracil, njll., embonini yezinongo zokukhiqiza i-vanillin, njll. 4. Isetshenziswa njenge-accelerator yokwelapha i-epoxy resin, i-polyester resin kanye ne-anaerobic adhesive, ukuze i-anaerobic adhesive ingelapheke ngokushesha. Ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-solvent, i-catalyst yokwenza i-polymerization yama-ethylene compounds, i-preservative yensimbi, i-ultraviolet absorber yezimonyo, i-sensitizer yokukhanya, njll. Isetshenziswa futhi ekwenziweni kwamadayi ayisisekelo, amadayi ahlakazekile, amadayi e-acid, amadayi ancibilikayo kawoyela kanye nezinongo (i-vanillin) nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa. 5. I-reagent esetshenziselwa ukunquma i-nitrite nge-photometric. Iphinde isetshenziswe njenge-solvent kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziphilayo. 6. Isetshenziswa njenge-dye intermediate, solvent, stabilizer, kanye ne-analytical reagent.