Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amazwe ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi amazwe athuthukile anezimboni, abheke ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali amahle njengenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo nokulungiswa kwezimboni zamakhemikhali zendabuko, futhi izimboni zazo zamakhemikhali ziye zathuthuka ngendlela “yokuhlukahluka” kanye “nokuthuthukiswa”. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo komnotho wezenhlalo, isidingo sabantu sezinto zikagesi, izimoto, imboni yemishini, izinto zokwakha ezintsha, amandla amasha kanye nezinto ezintsha zokuvikela imvelo sizokhula kakhulu. Amakhemikhali e-elekthronikhi nawolwazi, amakhemikhali obunjiniyela bomphezulu, amakhemikhali emithi, njll. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo, imakethe yamakhemikhali amahle emhlabeni wonke izogcina izinga lokukhula ngokushesha kunemboni yamakhemikhali yendabuko.
*Amakhemikhali amahle
Amakhemikhali amahle abhekisela kumakhemikhali anobuningi obukhulu bobuchwepheshe, inani eliphezulu elengeziwe kanye nobumsulwa obuphezulu angathuthukisa noma anikeze umkhiqizo (uhlobo) imisebenzi ethile noma abe nemisebenzi ethile ekukhiqizweni nasekusetshenzisweni kweqembu elincane, futhi angamakhemikhali ayisisekelo engeziwe. Umkhiqizo wokucubungula okujulile.
Ngo-1986, uMnyango Wezimboni Zamakhemikhali wangaphambilini wahlukanisa imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali amahle ngezigaba ezingu-11: (1) izibulala-zinambuzane; (2) udayi; (3) ukumbozwa (kufaka phakathi upende noyinki); (4) imibala; (5) ama-reagents nezinto ezihlanzekile kakhulu (6) Amakhemikhali olwazi (kufaka phakathi izinto ezizwela ukukhanya, izinto ezisebenza ngogesi kanye namanye amakhemikhali angamukela amagagasi kagesi); (7) Izithasiselo zokudla nezokudla; ​​(8) Izinamathiseli; (9) Ama-Catalyst kanye nezinye izithasiselo ezahlukahlukene; (10) Amakhemikhali (izinto zokusetshenziswa) kanye namakhemikhali ansuku zonke (akhiqizwa uhlelo lwamakhemikhali); (11) Izinto ze-polymer ezisebenzayo kuma-polymer e-polymer (kufaka phakathi amafilimu asebenzayo, izinto ezihlanganisa ukwahlukana, njll.). Ngokuthuthuka komnotho wezwe, ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali amahle kuzoqhubeka nokukhula, futhi izigaba ezintsha zizoqhubeka nokukhula.
Amakhemikhali amahle anezici ezilandelayo:
(1) Izinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo kanye nohlu olubanzi lwezicelo
Kunezinhlobo zamakhemikhali amahle angu-40-50 emhlabeni jikelele, anezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-100,000. Amakhemikhali amahle asetshenziswa kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwansuku zonke, njengemithi, udayi, izibulala-zinambuzane, ukumbozwa, izinto zamakhemikhali zansuku zonke, izinto zikagesi, amakhemikhali ephepha, uyinki, izithasiselo zokudla, izithasiselo zokudla, ukwelashwa kwamanzi, njll., kanye nasezindiza, ubuchwepheshe be-bio, ubuchwepheshe bolwazi, izinto ezintsha, ubuchwepheshe bamandla obusha, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu zisetshenziswa kabanzi.
(2) Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuyinkimbinkimbi
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamakhemikhali amahle, futhi umkhiqizo ofanayo ophakathi unganwetshwa uye kuma-derivatives amaningana noma ayishumi ngezinjongo ezahlukene ngezinqubo ezahlukene. Inqubo yokukhiqiza iyinkimbinkimbi futhi iyashintshashintsha, futhi ubuchwepheshe buyinkimbinkimbi. Zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali amahle zidinga ukuthuthukiswa kwelabhorethri, ukuhlolwa okuncane, ukuhlolwa kokuhlola bese kukhiqizwa ngezinga elikhulu. Zidinga futhi ukuvuselelwa noma ukuthuthukiswa ngesikhathi ngokuya ngezinguquko ezidingweni zamakhasimende aphansi. Izidingo zokuzinza kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ziphezulu, futhi inkampani idinga ukukhiqiza. Qhubeka uthuthukisa inqubo futhi uqoqe ulwazi kule nqubo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali amahle ezigabeni ezihlukene, ukuqoqwa kolwazi ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza kanye nekhono lokusungula izinto ezintsha kuyimbangela yokuncintisana eyinhloko yebhizinisi lamakhemikhali amahle.
(3) Inani eliphezulu lemikhiqizo
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ehilelekile emikhiqizweni yamakhemikhali amahle yinde kakhulu futhi idinga imisebenzi eminingi yamayunithi amaningi. Inqubo yokukhiqiza iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ihlangabezana nezimo zokusabela ezithambile, indawo yokusebenza ephephile, kanye nokusabela kwamakhemikhali athile ukuze kufezwe amakhemikhali Ukuhlukaniswa okulula kanye nomkhiqizo okhiqizayo kudinga ubuchwepheshe benqubo ephezulu kanye nemishini yokusabela. Ngakho-ke, imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali amahle ngokuvamile inenani eliphakeme kakhulu.
(4) Izinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe
Ezisetshenzisweni ezisebenzayo, amakhemikhali amahle avela njengemisebenzi ephelele yemikhiqizo. Lokhu kudinga ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezahlukene ekuhlanganisweni kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokusebenzisa ngokugcwele ukubambisana okusebenzisana kwamakhemikhali amahle namanye amakhemikhali ekukhiqizweni kwezinhlobo zomthamo. Kunezidingo ezahlukahlukene zemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali amahle ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni, futhi kunzima ngomkhiqizo owodwa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza noma zokusebenzisa. Thatha imboni yokwelapha amanzi lapho inkampani itholakala khona njengesibonelo. Amakhemikhali akhethekile asetshenziswa kulo mkhakha afaka phakathi ama-fungicides kanye nama-algaecides, ama-Scale agents, ama-corrosion inhibitors, ama-flocculants, njll., kanye nama-chemical agents ngenhloso ngayinye angahlanganiswa ama-chemical agents amaningana.
(5) Umkhiqizo unamandla aphezulu kumakhasimende angaphansi komfula
Imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali amahle ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezithile zenqubo yokukhiqiza yezimboni noma ukufeza imisebenzi ethile yemikhiqizo engezansi. Ngakho-ke, abasebenzisi banezidingo eziphakeme zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokuqina, futhi inqubo yokukhetha abaphakeli kanye nezindinganiso ziqinile kakhulu. Uma usungenile ohlwini lwabaphakeli, ngeke kuthathelwe indawo kalula.