incazelo yomkhiqizo

Igama lomkhiqizo: I-Benzyl chloride

Igama lesiNgisi: Benzyl chloride

I-CAS No.100-44-7

I-Benzyl chloride, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-benzyl chloride ne-toluene chloride, iwuketshezi olungenambala olunephunga elimnandi elinamandla. Ixubene nezinyibilikisi eziphilayo njenge-chloroform, i-ethanol, ne-ether. Ayincibiliki emanzini kodwa ingahwamuka ngomhwamuko wamanzi. Isitimu saso siyacasula ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lwamehlo futhi iyisithako esinamandla esibangela ukukhala. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-benzyl chloride iphinde ibe yindawo emaphakathi ku-organic synthesis futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlanganiseni odayi, izibulala-zinambuzane, amakha okwenziwa, okokuhlanza, ama-plasticizers kanye nemithi.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokwenziwa kwe-benzyl chloride, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa indlela ye-benzyl alcohol chlorination, indlela ye-chloromethyl, indlela ye-toluene catalytic chlorination, njll. Phakathi kwazo, indlela ye-benzyl alcohol chlorination itholakala ngokusabela kwe-benzyl alcohol ne-hydrochloric acid. Kuyindlela yokuqala yokuqala ye-benzyl chloride. Indlela ye-chloromethyl nayo iyindlela yokuqala yezimboni. Izinto zayo zokusetshenziswa yi-benzene ne-benzaldehyde (noma i-trimerformaldehyde). I-Anhydrous zinc chloride isetshenziswa njenge-catalyst. I-catalytic chlorination ye-toluene okwamanje iyindlela evamile yokukhiqiza yezimboni ye-benzyl chloride, futhi i-catalytic chlorination ye-toluene ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-photocatalytic chlorination kanye ne-low-temperature catalytic chlorination. Nokho, indlela ye-photocatalytic chlorination idinga ukufakwa komthombo wokukhanya ngaphakathi kwemishini, enezici zobunzima bokulawula ukusabela, ukusabela okuseceleni okuningi, kanye nezindleko eziphezulu. Indlela yokushisa ephansi ye-catalytic chlorination isebenzisa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ye-benzoyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, ne-acetamide njengesisusa sokusabela i-toluene ne-chlorine ekushiseni okuphansi, kusetshenziswa izinga lokushisa eliphansi ne-chlorine Lawula izinga lokuphendula ukuze uthuthukise izinga lokuguqulwa nokukhetha, kodwa izimo ezithile. kusadingeka kuhlolwe.

Izinga lokushisa le-distillation le-benzyl chloride ngokuvamile lenziwa ku-100°C futhi akufanele lidlule ku-170°C. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-benzyl chloride iyinto engezwani nokushisa. Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, ukusabela kwe-self-polymerization kuzokwenzeka. Uma ukusabela kunodlame kakhulu, kuzoba nengozi yokuqhuma. Ngakho-ke, i-distillation ye-benzyl chloride engahluziwe idinga ukwenziwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi engemihle. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadingeka ukulawula okuqukethwe kwe-ion yensimbi kusixazululo se-chlorination, ngoba i-benzyl chloride izobhekana nokusabela kwe-Krafts-Kreider phambi kwe-ion yensimbi nokushisa okuphezulu, futhi kuzokwenziwa into e-resinous, ezokwenza uketshezi kuya Umbala uba mnyama bese kukhishwa igesi enkulu ye-hydrogen chloride.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza

I-Benzyl chloride iyingxenye ebalulekile ye-organic. Umkhiqizo wezimboni uwuketshezi olubonisa ngale olungenambala noma oluphuzi ngokukhanyayo olunephunga elimnandi kanye nokugqwala okunamandla. Ingancibilika kuzincibilikisi eziphilayo njenge-ether, i-chloroform, ne-chlorobenzene. I-Benzyl chloride isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini. Isetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wezibulala-zinambuzane, imithi, izinongo, izinsiza zikadayi nasezintweni zokwenziwa. Isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa nokukhiqiza i-benzaldehyde, i-butyl benzyl phthalate, i-aniline, i-phoxim, ne-benzyl chloride. I-penicillin, i-benzyl alcohol, i-phenylacetonitrile, i-phenylacetic acid neminye imikhiqizo.

I-Benzyl chloride ingeyesigaba se-benzyl halide sezinhlanganisela ezicasulayo. Ngokwezibulala-zinambuzane, ayikwazi ukuhlanganisa kuphela ama-organophosphorus fungicides rice blast net kanye ne-iso rice blast net, kodwa futhi ingasetshenziswa njengento ebalulekile yokusetshenziswa kwamanye ama-intermediate amaningi, njengokuhlanganiswa kwe-phenylacetonitrile ne-benzene. I-Formyl chloride, m-phenoxybenzaldehyde, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-benzyl chloride isetshenziswa kakhulu kwezokwelapha, izinongo, izinsika zikadayi, ama-synthetic resins, njll. Iyingxenye ebalulekile yokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali nemithi. Khona-ke uketshezi olulahlwayo noma imfucuza ekhiqizwa amabhizinisi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza iqukethe inani elikhulu le-benzyl chloride intermediates.

I-Benzyl chloride ngokwayo idala izinyembezi, inobuthi kakhulu, i-carcinogenic, futhi iyaphikelela endaweni ezungezile. Njengoba i-benzyl chloride ngokwayo isetshenziswa kabanzi futhi isetshenziswa ngamanani amakhulu, i-benzyl chloride ivuza ngesikhathi sokuthutha noma ikhiqizwa abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene. Uketshezi olubi oluqukethe i-benzyl chloride elethwa ibhizinisi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza noma udoti ulahlwa ngokuqondile, noma ukuvuza kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, okuzokwenza ukuthi i-benzyl chloride ngokuqondile ingene emhlabathini futhi ekugcineni ingcolise umhlabathi.

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