incazelo yomkhiqizo

Igama lomkhiqizo: i-Benzyl chloride

Igama lesiNgisi: i-Benzyl chloride

Inombolo ye-CAS 100-44-7

I-Benzyl chloride, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-benzyl chloride kanye ne-toluene chloride, iwuketshezi olungenambala olunephunga elinamandla elinomunyu. Ixubana nezinyibilikisi eziphilayo ezifana ne-chloroform, i-ethanol, ne-ether. Ayincibiliki emanzini kodwa ingahwamuka ngomhwamuko wamanzi. Umphunga wayo uyacasula ulwelwesi lwamafinyila emehlweni futhi iyisithako esinamandla esibangela ukudabuka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-benzyl chloride nayo iphakathi kokwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwamadayi, izibulala-zinambuzane, amakha okwenziwa, izihlanzi, amapulasitiki, kanye nemithi.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokwenziwa kwe-benzyl chloride, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa indlela ye-benzyl alcohol chlorination, indlela ye-chloromethyl, indlela ye-toluene catalytic chlorination, njll. Phakathi kwazo, indlela ye-benzyl alcohol chlorination itholakala ngokusabela kwe-benzyl alcohol kanye ne-hydrochloric acid. Iyindlela yokuqala yokwenziwa kwe-benzyl chloride. Indlela ye-chloromethyl nayo iyindlela yokuqala yezimboni. Izinto zayo zokusetshenziswa yi-benzene kanye ne-benzaldehyde (noma i-trimerformaldehyde). I-anhydrous zinc chloride isetshenziswa njenge-catalyst. I-catalytic chlorination ye-toluene njengamanje iyindlela evame kakhulu yokukhiqiza izimboni ye-benzyl chloride, kanti i-catalytic chlorination ye-toluene ingahlukaniswa nge-photocatalytic chlorination kanye ne-catalytic chlorination esezingeni eliphansi lokushisa. Kodwa-ke, indlela ye-photocatalytic chlorination idinga ukufakwa komthombo wokukhanya ngaphakathi kwemishini, enezici ezinzima ukulawula ukusabela, ukusabela okuningi okuseceleni, kanye nezindleko eziphakeme. Indlela yokucubungula i-chlorination esezingeni eliphansi isebenzisa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ye-dibenzoyl peroxide, i-azobisisobutyronitrile, kanye ne-acetamide njengesikhuthazi sokusabela i-toluene kanye ne-chlorine ekushiseni okuphansi, kusetshenziswa izinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye ne-chlorine. Lawula izinga lokusabela ukuze uthuthukise izinga lokuguqulwa kanye nokukhetha, kodwa izimo ezithile kusadingeka zihlolwe.

Izinga lokushisa lokuhluza le-benzyl chloride ngokuvamile lenziwa ku-100°C futhi ngokuvamile akufanele lidlule ku-170°C. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-benzyl chloride iyinto ezwela ukushisa. Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, kuzokwenzeka ukusabela kwe-self-polymerization. Uma ukusabela kunamandla kakhulu, kuzoba nengozi yokuqhuma. Ngakho-ke, ukuhluza kwe-benzyl chloride eluhlaza kudingeka kwenziwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi engemihle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukulawula okuqukethwe kwe-ion yensimbi esixazululweni se-chlorination, ngoba i-benzyl chloride izobhekana nokusabela kwe-Krafts-Kreider lapho kukhona ama-ion ensimbi kanye nokushisa okuphezulu, bese kukhiqizwa into ene-resin, okuzobangela ukuthi uketshezi lube mnyama futhi kukhishwe inani elikhulu legesi ye-hydrogen chloride.

Izicelo

I-Benzyl chloride iyinto ebalulekile ephilayo. Umkhiqizo wezimboni uketshezi olukhanyayo olungenambala noma oluphuzi olukhanyayo olunephunga elibi kanye nokubola okukhulu. Ungancibilikiswa ezinyibilikisini eziphilayo ezifana ne-ether, i-chloroform, ne-chlorobenzene. I-Benzyl chloride isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini. Isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni yezibulala-zinambuzane, imithi, izinongo, izithasiselo zodayi, kanye nezithasiselo zokwenziwa. Isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa nokukhiqiza i-benzaldehyde, i-butyl benzyl phthalate, i-aniline, i-phoxim, kanye ne-benzyl chloride. I-Penicillin, i-benzyl alcohol, i-phenylacetonitrile, i-phenylacetic acid kanye neminye imikhiqizo.

I-Benzyl chloride ingeyohlobo lwe-benzyl halide lwamakhemikhali acasulayo. Ngokuphathelene nezibulala-zinambuzane, ayikwazi nje kuphela ukuhlanganisa ngqo i-organophosphorus fungicides, i-rice blast net kanye ne-iso rice blast net, kodwa futhi ingasetshenziswa njengezinto ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa kwezinye izinto eziningi eziphakathi, njengokwenziwa kwe-phenylacetonitrile kanye ne-benzene. I-Formyl chloride, i-m-phenoxybenzaldehyde, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-benzyl chloride isetshenziswa kabanzi kwezokwelapha, izinongo, izithasiselo zodayi, ama-resin okwenziwa, njll. Iyindawo ebalulekile yokukhiqiza amakhemikhali kanye nemithi. Khona-ke uketshezi noma imfucuza ekhiqizwa amabhizinisi ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza ngokungenakugwenywa iqukethe inani elikhulu le-benzyl chloride intermediates.

I-Benzyl chloride ngokwayo iyadabuka, inobuthi obukhulu, ibangela umdlavuza, futhi ihlala imvelo. Njengoba i-benzyl chloride ngokwayo isetshenziswa kabanzi futhi isetshenziswa ngobuningi obukhulu, i-benzyl chloride iyavuza ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa noma ikhiqizwa abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene. Uketshezi oluqukethe i-benzyl chloride olulethwa yinkampani ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza noma imfucuza ilahlwa ngqo, noma ukuvuza kwenzeka ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, okuzobangela ngqo i-benzyl chloride ukuthi ingene enhlabathini futhi ekugcineni ingcolise inhlabathi.

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