Isivumelwano seFourth Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership ebesilindelwe isikhathi eside sesithathe inguquko entsha.Esithangamini nabezindaba ngomhla ziyi-11 kule nyanga, uMnyango Wezohwebo umemezele ngokusemthethweni ukuthi amazwe ayi-15 aseziphothulile izingxoxo kuzo zonke izindawo ze-Fourth Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. (I-RCEP).

Zonke izindawo zokungaboni ngaso linye sezixazululiwe, ukubuyekezwa kwayo yonke imibhalo yezomthetho sekuqediwe, futhi isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuphusha izinhlangothi ukuthi zisayine ngokusemthethweni isivumelwano ngomhlaka-15 wale nyanga.

I-RCEP, ehlanganisa i-China, i-Japan, i-South Korea, AMALUNGU ayishumi e-Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Australia kanye ne-New Zealand, izodala indawo yokuhweba mahhala enkulu kunazo zonke e-Asia futhi ihlanganise amaphesenti angu-30 omkhiqizo wasekhaya ophelele kanye nohwebo. futhi kube wuhlaka lokuqala lohwebo lwamahhala phakathi kweChina, Japan kanye neNingizimu Korea.

I-RCEP ihlose ukudala isivumelwano sohwebo lwamahhala emakethe eyodwa ngokunciphisa intela kanye nezithiyo ezingakhokhiswa imali.I-India yaphuma ezingxoxweni ngoNovemba ngenxa yokungaboni ngaso linye ngamatherifu, ukushoda kwezohwebo namanye amazwe kanye nezithiyo ezingakhokhiswa imali, kodwa okusele. Amazwe angu-15 athe azozama ukusayina lesi sivumelwano ngo-2020.

Lapho uthuli seluhlala phansi ku-RCEP, kuzonikeza uhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseShayina isibhamu engalweni.

Umgwaqo oya ezingxoxweni ubumude futhi unezingqinamba, njengoba i-India yahoxa isigubhukane

Izivumelwano Zokubambisana Kwezomnotho Eziphelele Zesifunda (I-Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, RCEP), yethulwa amazwe ayi-10 ase-sean kanye ne-China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, India, isivumelwano sohwebo samahhala esiyisithupha namazwe angasolwandle ukuze abambe iqhaza ndawonye, amazwe ayi-16 esewonke, ahlose ukunciphisa amanani entengo kanye nemigoqo engakhokhisi, ukusungula uhwebo lwamahhala lwemakethe oluhlangene.

isivumelwano.Ngaphezu kokuncishiswa kwentela, kwabanjwa ukubonisana mayelana nokwakhiwa kwemithetho ezindaweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa namalungelo empahla yengqondo, i-e-commerce (EC) kanye nezinqubo zentela.

Ngokombono wenqubo yokulungiselela i-RCEP, i-RCEP yahlelwa futhi yathuthukiswa yi-ASEAN, kuyilapho i-China yadlala indima ebalulekile kuyo yonke inqubo.

Engqungqutheleni ye-ASEAN yama-21 eyayibanjwe ekupheleni kuka-2012, amazwe angu-16 asayina uhlaka lwe-RCEP futhi amemezela ukuqala okusemthethweni kwezingxoxo.Phakathi neminyaka eyisishiyagalombili eyalandela, kwakunezikhathi ezinde neziyinkimbinkimbi zezingxoxo.

UNdunankulu waseChina u-Li Keqiang uhambele uMhlangano wesithathu wabaholi be-RCEP e-Bangkok, eThailand, ngoNovemba 4, 2019. Kulo mhlangano, i-RCEP yaphetha izingxoxo ezinkulu, futhi abaholi bamazwe ayi-15 ngaphandle kwaseNdiya bakhiphe isitatimende esihlanganyelwe nge-RCEP, bebiza ukuze kuqhubeke izingxoxo ngenhloso yokusayina i-RCEP ngo-2020. Lokhu kuphawula ingqophamlando ebalulekile ye-RCEP.

Kodwa-ke, futhi kulo mhlangano lapho i-India, isimo sayo sengqondo sasishintshile ngezikhathi ezithile, yakhipha ngomzuzu wokugcina futhi yanquma ukungayisayini i-RCEP. namanye amazwe kanye nezithiyo ezingakhokhisi njengesizathu sesinqumo se-India sokungayisayini i-RCEP.

U-Nihon Keizai Shimbun wake wakuhlaziya lokhu wathi:

Ezingxoxweni, kunomuzwa onamandla wenkinga ngoba i-India inesilele esikhulu kwezohwebo neChina futhi inovalo lokuthi ukuncishiswa kwentela kuzothinta izimboni zakuleli. Ezigabeni zokugcina zezingxoxo, i-India nayo ifuna ukuvikela izimboni zayo; umnotho untengantenga, uMnu Modi empeleni kudingeke ukuthi agxile ezindabeni zasekhaya ezinjengokusweleka kwemisebenzi kanye nobubha, okuyizinto ezikhathaza kakhulu kunokukhulula ezohwebo.

UNdunankulu wase-India uNarendra Modi uhambela iNgqungquthela yase-ASEAN ngoNovemba 4, 2019

Ephendula lokhu kukhathazeka, uGeng Shuang, owayengumkhulumeli woMnyango Wezangaphandle WaseShayina ngaleso sikhathi, wagcizelela ukuthi i-China yayingenanhloso yokuphishekela imali eyengeziwe yohwebo ne-India nokuthi lezi zinhlangothi zombili zingaqhubeka nokwandisa ukucabanga kwazo futhi zandise ukubambisana. ukusebenzisana nazo zonke izinhlangothi ngomoya wokuqondana kanye nokuhlalisana ukuze kuqhutshekwe nezingxoxo zokuxazulula izinkinga ezibhekene ne-India ezingxoxweni, futhi liyakwamukela ukungena kwe-India kusenesikhathi esivumelwaneni.

Ebhekene nokuhlehla okungazelelwe kwe-India, amanye amazwe akuthola kunzima ukukala izinhloso zawo zangempela.Ngokwesibonelo, amanye amazwe ase-ASEAN, ecikwe isimo se-India, ahlongoze isivumelwano "sokungayifaki i-India" njengenketho ezingxoxweni.Inhloso ukuqeda izingxoxo. okokuqala, qinisa ukuhweba ngaphakathi kwesifunda futhi uvune "imiphumela" ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

I-Japan, ngakolunye uhlangothi, igcizelele ngokuphindaphindiwe ukubaluleka kwe-India ezingxoxweni ze-RCEP, ikhombisa isimo sengqondo sokuthi "hhayi ngaphandle kwe-India". I-India ingabamba iqhaza “embonweni wamahhala novulekile we-Indo-Pacific” owethulwe yi-Japan kanye ne-United States njengesu lezomnotho nelokukhuluma, elifinyelele inhloso “yokuqukatha” i-China.

Manje, njengoba i-RCEP isayinwa amazwe angu-15, i-Japan yamukele iqiniso lokuthi i-India ngeke ijoyine.

Kuzokhuphula ukukhula kwe-GDP yesifunda, futhi ukubaluleka kwe-RCEP sekugqame nakakhulu lapho kubhekene nalolu bhubhane.

Kuso sonke isifunda sase-Asia-Pacific, i-RCEP imele ithuba elikhulu lebhizinisi.UZhang Jianping, umqondisi weSikhungo Sokucwaninga Sokubambisana Kwezomnotho Kwesifunda ngaphansi koMnyango Wezohwebo, waveza ukuthi i-RCEP izohlanganisa izimakethe ezimbili ezinkulu zomhlaba ezinamandla amakhulu okukhula. , Imakethe yaseChina enabantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.4 kanye nemakethe yase-asean enabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-600. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le minotho ye-15, njengezinjini ezibalulekile zokukhula komnotho esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific, nazo ziyimithombo ebalulekile yokukhula komhlaba.

U-Zhang Jianping uveze ukuthi uma isivumelwano sesiqalisiwe, isidingo sokuhwebelana phakathi kwesifunda sizokhula ngokushesha ngenxa yokususwa okukhulu kwezithiyo ze-tariff nezingezona zentela kanye nemigoqo yokutshalwa kwezimali, okuwumphumela wokudala uhwebo.Ngaso leso sikhathi. , ukuhwebelana nabalingani abangebona besifunda kuzodluliselwa ngokwengxenye ekuhwebeni kwangaphakathi kwesifunda, okuwumphumela wokudluliselwa kohwebo.Ohlangothini lokutshalwa kwezimali, isivumelwano sizoletha nokudalwa kokutshalwa kwezimali okwengeziwe.Ngakho-ke, i-RCEP izothuthukisa ukukhula kwe-GDP sonke isifunda, sidale amathuba emisebenzi amaningi futhi sithuthukise kakhulu inhlalakahle yawo wonke amazwe.

Umqedazwe wembulunga yonke ubhebhetheka ngesivinini esikhulu, umnotho wezwe usebunzimeni obukhulu, futhi ukungakhethi hlangothi kanye nobuxhwanguxhwangu kuyanda.Njengelungu elibalulekile lokubambisana Kwesifunda e-East Asia, i-China ihole kukho kokubili ukulwa nalolu bhubhane kanye nokubuyisela ukukhula komnotho. .Ngokwalesi sizinda, inkomfa kufanele ithumele izimpawu ezibalulekile ezilandelayo:

Okokuqala, sidinga ukukhulisa ukuzethemba futhi siqinise ubunye.Ukuzethemba kubaluleke kakhulu kunegolide.Ubumbano nokubambisana kuphela okungavimbela futhi kulawule ubhubhane.

Okwesibili, sijulise ukubambisana ekulweni ne-coVID-19. Nakuba izintaba nemifula kusihlukanisa, sijabulela ukukhanya kwenyanga okufanayo ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esifanayo. Kusukela kwaqubuka lolu bhubhane, i-China namanye amazwe esifundeni asebenze ngokubambisana futhi aseseka wodwa. kufanele futhi ijulise ukubambisana kwezempilo yomphakathi.

Okwesithathu, sizogxila ekuthuthukisweni komnotho.Ukuhwebelana kwezomnotho, ukukhululeka kwezohwebo kanye nokubambisana kwesifunda kubalulekile ukuze silwe ngokubambisana nalolu bhubhane, sikhuthaze ukusimama komnotho kanye nokusimamisa uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwezidingongqangi kanye nochungechunge lwezimboni.I-China isikulungele ukusebenzisana namazwe akulesi sifunda ukwakha amanethiwekhi. "ye-fast track" kanye "nethrekhi eluhlaza" yabasebenzi kanye nokuhwebelana kwezimpahla ukusiza ukuqalisa kabusha umsebenzi nokukhiqiza futhi kuholele ekuvuseleleni umnotho.

Okwesine, sidinga ukugcina isiqondiso sokubambisana kwesifunda futhi sisingathe ngokufanele ukungezwani.Zonke izinhlangothi kufanele zisekele ngokuqinile ukusebenzelana kwezizwe ngezizwe, zisekele i-ASEAN emaphakathi, zibambelele ekwakhiweni kokuvumelana, zivumelane nezinga lokunethezeka lomunye nomunye, zigweme ukwethula ukungezwani kwamazwe amabili ku-multilateralism nezinye izimiso ezibalulekile. , futhi sisebenzisane ukuze kuvikelwe ukuthula nokuzinza eSouth China Sea.

I-RCEP iyisivumelwano sohwebo samahhala esiphelele, sesimanjemanje, esisezingeni eliphezulu futhi esizuzisa ngokulinganayo

Kube nombhalo waphansi esitatimendeni esihlanganyelwe sase-Bangkok sangaphambilini esichaza izahluko ezingama-20 zesivumelwano nezihloko zesahluko ngasinye.Ngokusekelwe kulokhu kuqaphelisisa, siyazi ukuthi i-RCEP izoba isivumelwano sohwebo samahhala esiphelele, sesimanjemanje, sekhwalithi ephezulu futhi esizuzisa ngokufanayo. .

Kuyisivumelwano esibanzi sohwebo lwamahhala.Sinezahluko ezingama-20, okuhlanganisa izici eziyisisekelo ze-FTA, ukuhweba ngezimpahla, ukuhweba ngezinkonzo, ukufinyelela ekutshalweni kwezimali kanye nemithetho ehambisana nayo.

Kuyisivumelwano sesimanje sohwebo lwamahhala.Sihlanganisa i-e-commerce, amalungelo empahla yengqondo, inqubomgomo yokuncintisana, ukuthengwa kwempahla kukahulumeni, amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nokunye okuqukethwe kwesimanje.
Kuyisivumelwano sohwebo lwamahhala esisezingeni eliphezulu.Mayelana nohwebo ngezimpahla, izinga lokuvuleleka lizofinyelela ngaphezu kwama-90%, ngaphezu kwamazwe e-WTO.Ohlangothini lokutshalwa kwezimali, xoxisana ngokufinyelela ekutshalweni kwezimali usebenzisa indlela yohlu olubi.

Kuyisivumelwano sokuhwebelana ngokukhululekile esizuzisa bobabili.Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu ekuhwebeni kwezimpahla, ukuhwebelana ngezinkonzo, imithetho yokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nezinye izindawo ezizuze ukulingana kwezithakazelo.Ikakhulukazi, ISivumelwano siphinde sihlanganise izinhlinzeko zokubambisana kwezomnotho nezobuchwepheshe, okuhlanganisa nezinguquko. izinhlelo zamazwe athuthuke kancane njengeLaos, Myanmar kanye neCambodia, okuhlanganisa nezimo ezivumayo zokuhlanganiswa kwawo okungcono ekuhlanganisweni komnotho wesifunda.