Isivumelwano seFourth Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership ebesilindelwe isikhathi eside ekugcineni sithathe ithuba elisha. Esithangamini nabezindaba ngomhlaka-11 kule nyanga, uMnyango wethu Wezohwebo umemezele ngokusemthethweni ukuthi amazwe ayi-15 aseqede izingxoxo kuzo zonke izindawo zeFourth Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP).

Zonke izindawo zokungavumelani sezixazululiwe, ukubuyekezwa kwayo yonke imibhalo yezomthetho sekuqediwe, futhi isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuphoqa amaqembu ukuthi asayine ngokusemthethweni isivumelwano ngomhlaka-15 kule nyanga.

I-RCEP, ehlanganisa iShayina, iJapan, iSouth Korea, AMALUNGU ayishumi e-Association of Southeast Asian Nations, i-Australia neNew Zealand, izokwakha indawo enkulu kunazo zonke yokuhweba mahhala e-Asia futhi imboze amaphesenti angama-30 omkhiqizo wasekhaya kanye nokuhweba emhlabeni jikelele. Izoba futhi uhlaka lokuqala lokuhweba mahhala phakathi kweShayina, iJapan neSouth Korea.

I-RCEP ihlose ukudala isivumelwano sokuhweba ngokukhululekile semakethe eyodwa ngokusika izithiyo zentela kanye nezingezona ezentela. I-India yaphuma ezingxoxweni ngoNovemba ngenxa yokungavumelani ngentela, ukuntuleka kwezentengiselwano namanye amazwe kanye nezithiyo ezingezona ezentela, kodwa amazwe angu-15 asele athe azozama ukusayina isivumelwano ngo-2020.

Uma uthuli luwela ku-RCEP, kuzonikeza ukuhweba kwangaphandle kweShayina ithuba.

Indlela eya ezingxoxweni ibinde futhi inamagqubu, njengoba i-India ihoxa ngokuzumayo

Izivumelwano Zobambiswano Lwezomnotho Oluphelele Lwesifunda (Ubambiswano Lwezomnotho Oluphelele Lwesifunda, i-RCEP), zaqalwa ngamazwe ayi-10 ase-ASEAN kanye neChina, iJapan, iSouth Korea, i-Australia, iNew Zealand, i-India, isivumelwano sokuhweba okukhululekile eziyisithupha namazwe ase-ASEAN ukuze bahlanganyele ndawonye, ​​​​amazwe ayi-16 esewonke, ahlose ukunciphisa intela kanye nezithiyo ezingezona ezentela, ukusungula ukuhweba okukhululekile kwemakethe okuhlangene

isivumelwano. Ngaphezu kokwehliswa kwentela, kube nokubonisana mayelana nokwenza imithetho ezindaweni eziningi ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa amalungelo empahla yobuhlakani, ukuhweba nge-inthanethi (EC) kanye nezinqubo zamasiko.

Ngokombono wenqubo yokulungiselela i-RCEP, i-RCEP yahlelwa futhi yakhuthazwa yi-ASEAN, kuyilapho iShayina idlale indima ebalulekile kuyo yonke inqubo.

Engqungqutheleni yama-21 ye-ASEAN eyabanjwa ekupheleni kuka-2012, amazwe ayi-16 asayina uhlaka lwe-RCEP futhi amemezela ukuqala okusemthethweni kwezingxoxo. Eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili eyalandela, kwaba nezingxoxo ezinde neziyinkimbinkimbi.

UNdunankulu waseShayina uLi Keqiang uya eMhlanganweni wesithathu wabaholi be-RCEP eBangkok, eThailand, ngoNovemba 4, 2019. Kulo mhlangano, i-RCEP yaphetha izingxoxo eziyinhloko, kwathi abaholi bamazwe ayi-15 ngaphandle kwe-India bakhipha isitatimende esihlangene nge-RCEP, becela izingxoxo eziqhubekayo ngenhloso yokusayina i-RCEP ngo-2020. Lokhu kuphawula ingqophamlando ebalulekile ye-RCEP.

Kodwa-ke, kwakukulo mhlangano futhi lapho iNdiya, eyayisishintshe khona ngezikhathi ezithile, yahoxa ngomzuzu wokugcina yanquma ukungayisayini i-RCEP. Ngaleso sikhathi, uNdunankulu waseNdiya uNarendra Modi wacaphuna ukungavumelani ngentela, ukuntuleka kwezentengiselwano namanye amazwe kanye nezithiyo ezingezona ezentela njengesizathu sesinqumo seNdiya sokungayisayini i-RCEP.

UNihon Keizai Shimbun wake wakuhlaziya lokhu wathi:

Ezingxoxweni, kunomuzwa omkhulu wenkinga ngoba i-India inokuntuleka okukhulu kwezohwebo ne-China futhi yesaba ukuthi ukwehliswa kwentela kuzothinta izimboni zasekhaya. Ezigabeni zokugcina zezingxoxo, i-India ifuna nokuvikela izimboni zayo; Njengoba umnotho wezwe lakhe umi, uMnu. Modi empeleni kuye kwadingeka abhekisele ezindabeni zasekhaya ezifana nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi okuphezulu kanye nobumpofu, okuyizinto ezikhathaza kakhulu kunokukhuluphala kwezohwebo.

UNdunankulu waseNdiya uNarendra Modi uhlanganyele eNgqungqutheleni ye-ASEAN ngoNovemba 4, 2019

Ephendula kulezi zinkinga, uGeng Shuang, owayengumkhulumeli woMnyango Wezangaphandle waseShayina ngaleso sikhathi, wagcizelela ukuthi iShayina yayingenaso isifiso sokuphishekela imali eyengeziwe yokuhweba neNdiya nokuthi izinhlangothi zombili zingandisa ukucabanga kwazo futhi zandise ukubambisana kwazo. IShayina ikulungele ukusebenza nazo zonke izinhlangothi ngomoya wokuqondana kanye nokwamukelana ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokubonisana ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga ezibhekene neNdiya ezingxoxweni, futhi iyakwamukela ukungena kweNdiya kulesi Sivumelwano kusenesikhathi.

Ebhekene nokuhoxa okungazelelwe kweNdiya, amanye amazwe ayahluleka ukulinganisa izinhloso zayo zangempela. Isibonelo, amanye amazwe ase-ASEAN, ekhathele isimo sengqondo seNdiya, aphakamise isivumelwano "sokungabandakanywa kweNdiya" njengenketho ezingxoxweni. Inhloso iwukuqeda izingxoxo kuqala, ukuvuselela ukuhweba ngaphakathi kwesifunda nokuvuna "imiphumela" ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iJapan igcizelele ngokuphindaphindiwe ukubaluleka kweNdiya ezingxoxweni ze-RCEP, ikhombisa isimo sengqondo sokuthi “akuyona ngaphandle kweNdiya”. Ngaleso sikhathi, abanye abezindaba baseJapan bathi iJapan yayiphikisana “nokungabandakanywa kweNdiya” ngoba yayinethemba lokuthi iNdiya ingabamba iqhaza “emcabangweni okhululekile novulekile we-Indo-Pacific” owabekwa yiJapan ne-United States njengesu lezomnotho nelezombusazwe, elalifeze injongo “yokuqukatha” iChina.

Manje, njengoba i-RCEP isayinwe amazwe ayi-15, iJapan ikwamukele iqiniso lokuthi i-India ngeke ijoyine.

Kuzokhulisa ukukhula kwe-GDP yesifunda, futhi ukubaluleka kwe-RCEP kuye kwagqama nakakhulu lapho kubhekene nobhubhane

Kuso sonke isifunda sase-Asia-Pacific, i-RCEP imele ithuba elikhulu lebhizinisi. UZhang Jianping, umqondisi we-Research Center for Regional Economic Cooperation ngaphansi koMnyango Wezohwebo, ukhombe ukuthi i-RCEP izomboza izimakethe ezimbili ezinkulu emhlabeni ezinethuba lokukhula elikhulu, imakethe yaseShayina enabantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.4 kanye nemakethe yase-ASEAN enabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-600. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezi zomnotho eziyi-15, njengezinjini ezibalulekile zokukhula komnotho esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific, nazo ziyimithombo ebalulekile yokukhula komhlaba wonke.

UZhang Jianping ukhombe ukuthi uma isivumelwano sesiqaliwe, isidingo sokuhwebelana ngokubambisana esifundeni sizokhula ngokushesha ngenxa yokususwa okukhulu kwezithiyo zentela kanye nezithiyo ezingezona ezentela kanye nezithiyo zokutshalwa kwezimali, okuwumphumela wokudala ukuhweba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhwebelana nabalingani abangebona abesifunda kuzodluliselwa ngokwengxenye ekuhwebeni kwangaphakathi kwesifunda, okuwumphumela wokudluliselwa kokuhweba. Ngasohlangothini lokutshalwa kwezimali, isivumelwano sizoletha nokudalwa kokutshalwa kwezimali okwengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, i-RCEP izothuthukisa ukukhula kwe-GDP yesifunda sonke, idale imisebenzi eminingi futhi ithuthukise kakhulu inhlalakahle yawo wonke amazwe.

Ubhubhane lomhlaba wonke lusakazeka ngesivinini esikhulu, umnotho womhlaba usebunzimeni obukhulu, futhi ubandlululo kanye nokuxhashazwa kwabantu ngabanye kugcwele. Njengelungu elibalulekile lokubambisana kweSifunda eMpumalanga Asia, iShayina ithathe izintambo ekulweni nobhubhane kanye nokubuyisa ukukhula komnotho. Ngokuphambene nalokhu, ingqungquthela kufanele ithumele izimpawu ezibalulekile ezilandelayo:

Okokuqala, sidinga ukukhulisa ukuzethemba nokuqinisa ubunye. Ukuzethemba kubaluleke kakhulu kunegolide. Ubumbano nokubambisana kuphela okungavimbela futhi kulawule ubhubhane.

Okwesibili, qinisa ukubambisana ngokumelene ne-coVID-19. Nakuba izintaba nemifula kusihlukanisa, sijabulela ukukhanya kwenyanga okufanayo ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esifanayo. Kusukela kwaqubuka ubhubhane, iShayina namanye amazwe esifundeni basebenzisane futhi basekelana. Wonke amaqembu kufanele aqinise ukubambisana kwezempilo yomphakathi.

Okwesithathu, sizogxila ekuthuthukisweni komnotho. Ukuhlanganiswa komnotho emhlabeni wonke, ukukhululeka kwezohwebo kanye nokubambisana kwesifunda kubalulekile ekulweni nobhubhane ngokubambisana, ukukhuthaza ukululama komnotho kanye nokuzinzisa uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka kanye nochungechunge lwezimboni. I-China isilungele ukusebenzisana namazwe akulesi sifunda ukwakha amanethiwekhi "omzila osheshayo" kanye "nomzila oluhlaza" wokushintshana kwabasebenzi nezimpahla ukusiza ukuqala kabusha umsebenzi nokukhiqiza nokuhola ukululama komnotho.

Okwesine, sidinga ukulandela isiqondiso sokubambisana kwesifunda futhi sibhekane kahle nokungezwani. Zonke izinhlangothi kufanele zisekele ngokuqinile ukusebenzisana kwamazwe amaningi, zisekele ukugxila kwe-ASEAN, zinamathele ekwakheni ukuvumelana, zamukele izinga lokududuzana, zigweme ukwethula ukungezwani kwamazwe amabili kukusebenzisana kwamazwe amaningi kanye nezinye izimiso ezibalulekile, futhi zisebenzisane ukuvikela ukuthula nokuzinza eSouth China Sea.

I-RCEP iyisivumelwano sokuhweba ngokukhululeka esiphelele, sesimanje, esisezingeni eliphezulu futhi esizuzisa wonke umuntu

Kwakukhona umbhalo waphansi esitatimendeni esihlanganyelwe saseBangkok sangaphambilini esichaza izahluko ezingu-20 zesivumelwano kanye nezihloko zesahluko ngasinye. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu okubonwe, siyazi ukuthi i-RCEP izoba yisivumelwano sokuhweba ngokukhululeka esiphelele, sesimanje, sekhwalithi ephezulu nesizuzisayo.

Yisivumelwano sokuhweba samahhala esiphelele. Sinezahluko ezingu-20, okuhlanganisa izici eziyisisekelo ze-FTA, ukuhweba ngezimpahla, ukuhweba ngezinsizakalo, ukufinyelela ekutshalweni kwezimali kanye nemithetho ehambisanayo.

Yisivumelwano sokuhweba samahhala sesimanje. Sihlanganisa ukuhweba nge-inthanethi, amalungelo empahla yobuhlakani, inqubomgomo yokuncintisana, ukuthengwa kukahulumeni, amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi kanye nokunye okuqukethwe kwesimanje.
Kuyisivumelwano sokuhweba samahhala sekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngokuphathelene nokuhweba ngezimpahla, izinga lokuvuleka lizofinyelela ngaphezu kwama-90%, ngaphezu kwamazwe e-WTO. Ngasohlangothini lokutshalwa kwezimali, xoxisana ngokufinyelela ekutshalweni kwezimali usebenzisa indlela yohlu olungalungile.

Kuyisivumelwano sokuhweba ngokukhululeka esizuzisa wonke umuntu. Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu ekuhwebeni ngezimpahla, ekuhwebeni ngezinsizakalo, emithethweni yokutshalwa kwezimali nakwezinye izindawo ezifinyelele ibhalansi yezintshisekelo. Ikakhulukazi, lesi Sivumelwano sihlanganisa nezinhlinzeko zokubambisana kwezomnotho nobuchwepheshe, okuhlanganisa amalungiselelo okushintsha amazwe angathuthuki kangako njengeLaos, iMyanmar neCambodia, okuhlanganisa nezimo ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlanganiswa kwawo okungcono ekuhlanganisweni komnotho wesifunda.