I-Dimethylformamide (isifinyezo se-DMF), esaziwa nangokuthi i-N,N-dimethylformamide, iyindawo esikhundleni se-dimethyl se-formamide, futhi womabili amaqembu e-methyl atholakala kuma-athomu e-N (nitrogen), ngakho-ke yigama layo. Njengezinto ezibalulekile zamakhemikhali kanye nesinyibilikisi esihle kakhulu, i-DMF isetshenziswa kabanzi kwi-polyurethane, i-acrylic, izithasiselo zokudla, imithi, izibulala-zinambuzane, amadayi, izinto zikagesi kanye neminye imboni.

I-DMF iwuketshezi olungenambala nolusobala olunezinga eliphezulu lokubila, izinga eliphansi lokuqandisa, ukuzinza okuhle kwamakhemikhali nokushisa, futhi ixutshwa namanzi kanye nezinyibilikisi eziningi eziphilayo. Iyisinyibilikisi esivame ukusetshenziswa ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali futhi ibizwa ngokuthi “isinyibilikisi sendawo yonke”: I-DMF isetshenziswa I-fiber ye-acrylic ekhiqizwa yinqubo yokuphotha eyomile ye-acrylic fiber esekelwe kwi-solvent inezici zokungangeni kahle kwamanzi, amandla okumboza aqinile, ukuthungwa okuthambile, kanye nomuzwa oqinile wesandla; ekukhiqizweni kwesikhumba esenziwe nge-polyester emanzi, i-DMF ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuwasha nokupholisa i-polyurethane resin. Isetshenziselwa ukumboza izinto ezahlukahlukene ezinwebekayo, futhi uma isetshenziselwa ukudaya isikhumba, ingenza umbala wesikhumba ufane futhi ungafi; ngenxa yamandla ayo okuncibilikisa aqinile, i-DMF isetshenziswa njengesinyibilikisi kumadayi futhi isetshenziselwa ukudaya imicu yokwenziwa, okungathuthukisa ukufana kwesikhumba. Izakhiwo zokudaya; njengesixazululo esikhethiwe esisetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokuhlukanisa, i-DMF ingasetshenziswa ekumuncweni okukhethekile kwama-hydrocarbon ahlukahlukene namagesi angaphili. Isibonelo, i-DMF isetshenziselwa ukugeza i-ethylene ukuze kususwe i-acetylene, ngaleyo ndlela kuhlanzwe i-ethylene. I-DMF ingasetshenziswa futhi ukukhipha i-isoprene, i-piperylene, njll. kusuka kugesi yokukhipha yokukhiqiza izitshalo ze-ethylene ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-resin engagcwalisiwe; i-DMF ingasetshenziswa futhi njengesithako esikhethiwe sezinqubo zokukhipha emkhakheni wokucubungula uphethiloli. Isibonelo: ezinhlelweni ze-polycarboxylic acid ezinezakhiwo ezifanayo futhi okunzima ukuzihlukanisa, njenge-isophthalic acid kanye ne-terephthalic acid, zingahlukaniswa kalula ngokukhipha i-DMF solvent noma ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha kwe-stepwise.

Ekwenzeni izinto eziphilayo, i-dimethylformamide ayisetshenziswa kabanzi nje kuphela njengesithako sokusabela, kodwa futhi isetshenziswa njenge-intermediate ebalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo. Embonini yemithi, njenge-intermediate yemithi yokwenziwa, isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwemithi ye-doxycycline, i-cortisone, kanye ne-sulfonamide; embonini yezibulala-zinambuzane, isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nezinobuthi obuphansi.

Njengendlela yokusabela yokwenziwa kwamakhemikhali, i-DMF ingasetshenziswa njenge-crystallization solvent yokuhlanzwa kwemithi. Embonini ye-elekthronikhi, ingasetshenziswa ukulungisa i-viscosity ye-ejenti yokwelapha yama-laminate ambozwe ngethusi. I-DMF ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-carrier solvent ukwakha i-polymeric crystal ene-BF3 (boron trifluoride), okwenza i-BF3 ishintshe kusuka kugesi iye ku-solid futhi kube lula ukuyithutha. Njenge-polar (hydrophilic) aprotic solvent ene-boliling point ephezulu, ingakhuthaza indlela ye-bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction (SN₂). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-dimethylformamide inomphumela we-catalytic ekuphenduleni kwe-hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, dehydration kanye ne-dehydrohalogenation, okunciphisa izinga lokushisa lokusabela futhi kuthuthukise ubumsulwa bomkhiqizo.

Kubonakala sengathi i-DMF ifanelwe yisiqu esithi “isinyibilikisi sendawo yonke”. Lokhu kusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kuzoba nzima ukukudlula ngesikhathi esifushane.

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