Umhleli Wezingozi Zemvelo

I. Izingozi zempilo

Indlela yokuhlasela: Ukuhogela, ukungeniswa, ukumuncwa nge-percutaneous.

Izingozi zempilo: Ngokufanayo ne-aniline, kodwa ibuthakathaka kune-aniline, ingabangela izilonda ekuthinteni isikhumba. Ukumuncwa kuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-methemoglobin ne-cyanosis. Isicanucanu, isiyezi, ikhanda kanye nemiphumela yegazi kungenzeka ngemva kokuxhumana.

Idatha ye-Toxicological nokuziphatha kwemvelo

Ubuthi obunamandla: LD501410mg/kg (igundane lomlomo); 1770mg/kg (unogwaja percutaneous)

IZIMPAWU EZIYINGOZI: Uma kuba nelangabi elivulekile, ukushisa okuphezulu noma ukuthintana ne-oxidizing agent, kunengozi yokusha nokuqhuma. Intuthu ye-nitrogen oxide enobuthi ikhishwa ngokubola kokushisa.

Imikhiqizo evuthayo (ukubola): i-carbon monoxide, i-carbon dioxide, i-nitrogen oxides.

Ukuhlela indlela yokuqapha

Indlela Ye-Chromatography Yegesi Yokunqunywa Kwezinto Eziyingozi Emoyeni (Uhlelo Lwesibili), ihlelwe ngu-Hang Shih-ping [2]

Umhleli wamazinga emvelo

eyayiyiSoviet Union

Ukugxila okuphezulu okuvunyelwe kwezinto eziyingozi emoyeni egumbini lemoto

0.2mg/m3

I-USSR yangaphambili (1977)

Ukugxila okuphezulu okuvunyelwe kwezinto eziyingozi emkhathini ezindaweni zokuhlala

0.0055mg/m3(inani eliphezulu, isilinganiso sosuku/ubusuku)

I-USSR yangaphambili (1975)

Isilinganiso esiphezulu esivumelekile sezinto eziyingozi emizimbeni yamanzi

0.1mg/L

Ukuhlela indlela yokulahla

Spill impendulo

Khipha izisebenzi endaweni engcolile uyiswe endaweni ephephile, unqabele izisebenzi ezingahlobene ukungena endaweni engcolile, futhi unqamule umthombo womlilo. Kutuswa ukuthi abezimo eziphuthumayo bagqoke amathuluzi okuphefumula azimele (SCBA) kanye nezimpahla zokuvikela amakhemikhali. Ungathintani ngqo nokuchitheka, futhi uvale ukuvuza ngenkathi uqinisekisa ukuphepha. Ukufafaza inkungu yamanzi kuzonciphisa ukuhwamuka, kodwa ngeke kunciphise ukuvutha kokuchitheka kwesikhala esivalekile. Mumba ngengxube yesihlabathi noma enye i-sorbent engashi bese uqoqa ukuze ulahlwe endaweni yokulahla udoti. Uma ukuchitheka okukhulu kuchitheka, okokuvimbela kusetshenziswa ama-berms, okulandelwa ukuqoqwa, ukudluliswa, ukugaywa kabusha, noma ukulahlwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa okuyingozi.

Indlela yokulahla imfucuza: ukushiswa kwemfucuza, isishisi esinegumbi elishisayo, ama-nitrogen oxide asuka kumshini wokushisisa ngokusebenzisa isihlilingi ukuze asuswe.

Izinyathelo zokuzivikela

Isivikelo sokuphefumula: Gqoka imaski yegesi uma kunobungozi bokuchayeka kuhwanqa. Gqoka amathuluzi okuphefumula oziqukathe ngokwakho (SCBA) esimweni sokuhlenga isimo esiphuthumayo noma ukubaleka.

Ukuvikela iso: Gqoka izibuko zokuphepha zamakhemikhali.

Izingubo Zokuzivikela: Gqoka ama-ovaroli anemikhono eqinile namabhuzu enjoloba amade.

Ukuvikela isandla: Gqoka amagilavu ​​erabha.

Abanye: Ukubhema, ukudla nokuphuza akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele endaweni yomsebenzi. Shintsha futhi uwashe izingubo zokusebenza ngokushesha. Ungaphuzi utshwala ngaphambi noma ngemva komsebenzi, futhi usebenzise amanzi afudumele lapho ugeza. Gada ubuthi. Yenza ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuqashwa kanye nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngezikhathi ezithile.

Izinyathelo Zosizo Lokuqala

Ukuthinta isikhumba: Khipha izingubo ezingcolile ngokushesha bese ugeza kahle ngensipho namanzi. Naka izandla, izinyawo nezinzipho.

Ukuthintana Kwamehlo: Phakamisa amajwabu amehlo ngokushesha futhi ugeze ngamanzi amaningi ahambayo noma isixazululo saline.

Ukuhogela: susa ngokushesha endaweni yesehlakalo uye emoyeni omusha. Phatha umoya-mpilo uma kwenzeka ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula. Uma ukuboshwa kokuphefumula kwenzeka, vuselela ngokushesha. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha.

Ukungenisa: Gcoba, uphuze amanzi, ugeze isisu bese unikeza ngomlomo amalahle acushiwe ukuze ubangele isifo sohudo uma ungenwa ngephutha. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha.

Indlela yokucisha umlilo: amanzi enkungu, igwebu, isikhutha, impushana eyomile, isihlabathi.

Ukuhlela indlela yokukhiqiza

Itholakala ngokusabela phakathi kwe-aniline ne-methanol phambi kwe-sulfuric acid ekushiseni okuphezulu nokucindezela okukhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa: i-aniline 790kg/t, i-methanol 625kg/t, i-sulfuric acid 85kg/t. Ukusabela kwe-aniline ne-trimethyl phosphate kungalungiswa elabhorethri.

Sebenza futhi usebenzise ukuhlela

Kuyinto eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa esilwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-analgesic "Mefenamic acid", futhi ingasetshenziswa njengento ephakathi ye-dyestuff, izibulala-zinambuzane neminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali.

Ukunyibilika: Ayincibiliki emanzini, i-ethanol, i-ether, i-chloroform, i-carbon tetrachloride, i-benzene.

Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko: Kusetshenziswa njengendawo ephakathi ye-dyestuff, esetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-vanillin, i-azo dyestuff, i-triphenylmethane dyestuff, futhi ingasetshenziswa njenge-solvent, i-stabilizer, i-reagent yokuhlaziya, njll.

Isicelo: Ngokuvamile isisombululo esingu-10% se-styrene, esaziwa ngokuthi #2 accelerant. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa kanye ne-2# elaphayo (i-dibenzoyl peroxide). Kuyisistimu yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu lapho i-resin iqukethe inani elikhulu le-phenol yamahhala noma lapho iketanga le-polyester yamangqamuzana liqukethe isakhiwo esikhulu se-molecular branched. (isb. ukwelapha i-vinyl ester resin, ukwelapha inhlaka ye-bisphenol A yohlobo lwe-polyester, i-chlorinated bridge anhydride type polyester resin, njll.)

Indlela yokukhiqiza

hlela

Itholakala ngokusabela phakathi kwe-aniline ne-methanol phambi kwe-sulfuric acid ekushiseni okuphezulu nokucindezela okukhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa: i-aniline 790kg/t, i-methanol 625kg/t, i-sulfuric acid 85kg/t. Ukusabela kwe-aniline ne-trimethyl phosphate kungalungiswa elabhorethri.

Umsebenzi kanye nokusetshenziswa

hlela

Kuyinto eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa esilwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-analgesic "Mefenamic acid", futhi ingasetshenziswa njengento ephakathi ye-dyestuff, izibulala-zinambuzane neminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali.

Ukunyibilika: Ayincibiliki emanzini, i-ethanol, i-ether, i-chloroform, i-carbon tetrachloride, i-benzene.

Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko: Kusetshenziswa njengendawo ephakathi ye-dyestuff, esetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-vanillin, i-azo dyestuff, i-triphenylmethane dyestuff, futhi ingasetshenziswa njenge-solvent, i-stabilizer, i-reagent yokuhlaziya, njll.

Isicelo: Ngokuvamile isisombululo esingu-10% se-styrene, esaziwa ngokuthi #2 accelerant. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa kanye ne-2# elaphayo (i-dibenzoyl peroxide). Kuyisistimu yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu lapho i-resin iqukethe inani elikhulu le-phenol yamahhala noma lapho iketanga le-polyester yamangqamuzana liqukethe isakhiwo esikhulu se-molecular branched. (isb, ukuphulukiswa kwe-vinyl ester resin, ukuphulukiswa kwe-bisphenol A polyester resins, i-chlorinated bridge anhydride polyester resins, njll.)

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