Umhleli Wezingozi Zemvelo

I. Izingozi zempilo

Indlela yokungena: Ukuphefumula, ukugwinya, ukumuncwa nge-percutaneous.

Izingozi zempilo: Njenge-aniline, kodwa ibuthakathaka kune-aniline, ingabangela izilonda lapho kuthintana isikhumba. Ukumuncwa kuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-methemoglobin kanye ne-cyanosis. Isicanucanu, isiyezi, ikhanda elibuhlungu kanye nemiphumela yegazi kungenzeka ngemva kokuthintana.

Idatha enobuthi kanye nokuziphatha kwemvelo

Ubuthi obunamandla: LD501410mg/kg (ngomlomo wegundane); 1770mg/kg (unogwaja ohamba ngesikhumba)

IZIMPAHLA EZIYINGOZI: Uma ilangabi livulekile, ukushisa okukhulu noma ukuthintana ne-oxidizing agent, kunengozi yokusha nokuqhuma. Intuthu enobuthi ye-nitrogen oxide ikhishwa ngokubola kokushisa.

Imikhiqizo yokusha (ukubola): i-carbon monoxide, i-carbon dioxide, i-nitrogen oxides.

Ukuhlela indlela yokuqapha

Indlela ye-Gas Chromatography yokunquma izinto eziyingozi emoyeni (Uhlelo lwesibili), ehlelwe ngu-Hang Shih-ping [2]

Umhleli wezindinganiso zemvelo

iSoviet Union yangaphambili

Ubuningi obukhulu obuvunyelwe bezinto eziyingozi emoyeni egumbini lemoto

0.2mg/m3

I-USSR yangaphambili (1977)

Ubuningi obukhulu obuvunyelwe bezinto eziyingozi emoyeni ezindaweni zokuhlala

0.0055mg/m3 (inani eliphezulu, isilinganiso sasemini/ebusuku)

I-USSR yangaphambili (1975)

Ukuhlushwa okuphezulu okuvunyelwe kwezinto eziyingozi emanzini

0.1mg/L

Ukuhlela indlela yokulahla

Impendulo yokuchitheka

Susa abasebenzi endaweni engcolile echithekile uye endaweni ephephile, uvimbele abasebenzi abangahlobene ukungena endaweni engcolile, bese unquma umthombo womlilo. Kunconywa ukuthi abasabela ezimweni eziphuthumayo bagqoke imishini yokuphefumula equkethe (i-SCBA) kanye nezingubo zokuzivikela zamakhemikhali. Ungathintani ngqo nokuchithekile, bese uvala ukuvuza ngenkathi uqinisekisa ukuphepha. Ukufutha inkungu yamanzi kuzonciphisa ukuhwamuka, kodwa ngeke kunciphise ukusha kokuchitheka endaweni evalekile. Munca ngengxube yesihlabathi noma enye i-sorbent engashi bese uyiqoqa ukuze ilahlwe endaweni yokulahla imfucuza. Uma kuchitheka ukuchitheka okukhulu, kusetshenziswa ukuvimba kusetshenziswa ama-berms, kulandelwe ukuqoqwa, ukudluliselwa, ukuvuselelwa kabusha, noma ukulahla ngaphandle kokwelashwa okuyingozi.

Indlela yokulahla imfucuza: ukushiswa, umshini wokushisa onegumbi lokushiswa ngemva kokushisa, ama-nitrogen oxide avela kumshini wokushisa ngokusebenzisa umshini wokuhlanza ukuze asuswe.

Izindlela zokuvikela

Isivikelo sokuphefumula: Gqoka imaski yegesi uma kunobungozi bokuchayeka emisipheni. Gqoka umshini wokuphefumula ozimele (SCBA) uma kwenzeka uhlengwa noma uphunyuka.

Ukuvikela amehlo: Gqoka izibuko zokuphepha zamakhemikhali.

Izingubo Zokuzivikela: Gqoka ama-overall anemikhono eqinile kanye namabhuzu enjoloba amade.

Ukuvikela izandla: Gqoka amagilavu ​​​​enjoloba.

Okunye: Ukubhema, ukudla nokuphuza akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele endaweni yokusebenza. Shintsha futhi ugeze izingubo zomsebenzi ngokushesha. Ungaphuzi utshwala ngaphambi noma ngemva komsebenzi, futhi sebenzisa amanzi afudumele ukugeza. Qaphela ubuthi. Yenza ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwangaphambi komsebenzi kanye nokuhlolwa njalo.

Izindlela Zosizo Lokuqala

Ukuthintana nesikhumba: Susa izingubo ezingcolisiwe ngokushesha bese ugeza kahle ngensipho namanzi. Naka izandla, izinyawo nezinzipho.

Ukuthintana Kwamehlo: Phakamisa amehlo ngokushesha bese ugeza ngamanzi amaningi agobhozayo noma ngesisombululo se-saline.

Ukuphefumula: susa ngokushesha endaweni yesigameko uye emoyeni omusha. Faka umoya-mpilo uma kwenzeka ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula. Uma kwenzeka ukuphelelwa umoya, vuselela umoya ngokushesha. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha.

Ukungena: geza isisu, uphuze amanzi, ugeze isisu bese unikeza i-activated charcoal ngomlomo ukuze ubangele uhudo uma kwenzeka ugwinywe ngengozi. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha.

Indlela yokucima umlilo: amanzi enkungu, igwebu, i-carbon dioxide, impuphu eyomile, isihlabathi.

Ukuhlela indlela yokukhiqiza

Itholakala ngokusabela phakathi kwe-aniline ne-methanol lapho kukhona i-sulfuric acid ekushiseni okuphezulu kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa: i-aniline 790kg/t, i-methanol 625kg/t, i-sulfuric acid 85kg/t. Ukusabela kwe-aniline ne-trimethyl phosphate kungalungiswa elabhorethri.

Ukuhlela umsebenzi kanye nokusetshenziswa

Yiyona nto eyinhloko eluhlaza yomuthi wokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-analgesic "i-Mefenamic acid", futhi ingasetshenziswa njengento ephakathi yodayi, izibulala-zinambuzane kanye neminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali.

Ukuncibilika: Akuncibiliki emanzini, kuncibilika kwisisombululo se-asidi, i-ethanol, i-ether, i-chloroform, i-carbon tetrachloride, i-benzene.

Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko: Kusetshenziswa njenge-intermediate ye-dyestuff, esetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwe-vanillin, i-azo dyestuff, i-triphenylmethane dyestuff, futhi ingasetshenziswa njenge-solvent, i-stabilizer, i-reagent yokuhlaziya, njll.

Ukusetshenziswa: Ngokuvamile isisombululo se-styrene esingu-10%, esaziwa ngokuthi i-#2 accelerant. Sivame ukusetshenziswa kanye ne-2# curing agent (i-dibenzoyl peroxide). Luhlelo lokwelapha olusebenza kahle kakhulu lapho i-resin iqukethe inani elikhulu le-phenol yamahhala noma lapho uchungechunge lwama-molecular lwe-polyester luqukethe isakhiwo esikhulu sama-molecule. (isb. ukuphulukisa i-resin ye-vinyl ester, i-resin ye-polyester yohlobo lwe-bisphenol A, i-resin ye-polyester yohlobo lwe-chlorinated bridge anhydride, njll.)

Indlela yokukhiqiza

hlela

Itholakala ngokusabela phakathi kwe-aniline ne-methanol lapho kukhona i-sulfuric acid ekushiseni okuphezulu kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa: i-aniline 790kg/t, i-methanol 625kg/t, i-sulfuric acid 85kg/t. Ukusabela kwe-aniline ne-trimethyl phosphate kungalungiswa elabhorethri.

Umsebenzi kanye nokusetshenziswa

hlela

Yiyona nto eyinhloko eluhlaza yomuthi wokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-analgesic "i-Mefenamic acid", futhi ingasetshenziswa njengento ephakathi yodayi, izibulala-zinambuzane kanye neminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali.

Ukuncibilika: Akuncibiliki emanzini, kuncibilika kwisisombululo se-asidi, i-ethanol, i-ether, i-chloroform, i-carbon tetrachloride, i-benzene.

Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko: Kusetshenziswa njenge-intermediate ye-dyestuff, esetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwe-vanillin, i-azo dyestuff, i-triphenylmethane dyestuff, futhi ingasetshenziswa njenge-solvent, i-stabilizer, i-reagent yokuhlaziya, njll.

Ukusetshenziswa: Ngokuvamile isisombululo se-styrene esingu-10%, esaziwa ngokuthi i-#2 accelerant. Sivame ukusetshenziswa kanye ne-2# curing agent (i-dibenzoyl peroxide). Luhlelo lokwelapha olusebenza kahle kakhulu lapho i-resin iqukethe inani elikhulu le-phenol yamahhala noma lapho uchungechunge lwama-molecular lwe-polyester luqukethe isakhiwo esikhulu sama-molecule. (isb., sokwelapha i-resin ye-vinyl ester, ukwelapha ama-resin e-polyester e-bisphenol A, ama-resin e-polyester e-chlorinated bridge anhydride, njll.)

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