ITurkey isivele ihlushwe ukuwohloka kwemali kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali eminyakeni emibili edlule.

Ngo-2020, ubhubhane olusha lwabangela iTurkey enye ingozi, lwayiqhubela ekuwohlokeni komnotho okungenamkhawulo. Imali yaseTurkey, i-lira, iyawa ngesivinini esikhulu futhi izimali zayo zokushintshanisa imali zangaphandle ziyawa.
Kulokhu, iTurkey iphakamise induku enkulu ebizwa ngokuthi “ukuvikelwa kwezohwebo”.

ukwehla komnotho

Umnotho waseTurkey ubulokhu usesimweni sokuwohloka komnotho isikhathi eside kusukela engxenyeni yesibili ka-2018, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi umnotho omusha ngo-2020 uzokwenza umnotho wawo obuthakathaka ube mubi kakhulu.

NgoSepthemba 2020, iMoody's yehlisa izinga lesikweletu sobukhosi saseTurkey lisuka ku-B1 laya ku-B2 (zombili ezingadingekile), ikhomba izingozi zokulinganisela izinkokhelo, izinselele zesakhiwo emnothweni, kanye nama-bubble ezezimali ngenxa yokwehla kwezimali zangaphandle ezigciniwe zezwe.

Ngekota yesithathu ka-2020, umnotho waseTurkey ubonise ukuthambekela kokusimama. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva evela eHhovisi Lezibalo laseTurkey (TUIK), inkomba yentengo yabathengi eTurkey ngoDisemba 2020 ikhuphuke ngo-1.25% kusukela ngoNovemba kanye no-14.6% kusukela esikhathini esifanayo ngo-2019.

Izimpahla nezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene, ezokuthutha, ukudla kanye neziphuzo ezingezona utshwala kubone ukwenyuka okukhulu kwentengo okungu-28.12%, 21.12% kanye no-20.61%, ngokulandelana, uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2019.
Isithombe sendoda yaseTurkey iguqa ngedolo elilodwa futhi inikeza uthando lwayo ibhakede lamafutha okupheka esikhundleni sendandatho yomshado sisakazeke ku-Twitter.

UMengameli waseTurkey, uRecep Tayyip Erdogan, ubelokhu eqinile kwinqubomgomo yezangaphandle kodwa ebuthakathaka emnothweni wasekhaya.

Maphakathi noDisemba, uMnu. Erdogan wamemezela amaphakheji okuhlenga azosiza amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi kanye nabahwebi ukuthi babhekane nezinkinga ezinyangeni ezintathu ezizayo. Kodwa izazi zomnotho zithi izinyathelo zokuhlenga seziphuze kakhulu futhi zincane kakhulu ukuba zingenza umonakalo omkhulu emnothweni waseTurkey ohluphekile.

Ngokusho kombiko wakamuva weMetropoll, amaphesenti angama-25 abantu abaphendulile eTurkey bathi abanakho ngisho nokufinyelela ezidingweni eziyisisekelo. Imizwa yezomnotho yehle yaya kumaphuzu angu-86.4 ngoDisemba isuka kumaphuzu angu-89.5 ngoNovemba, ngokusho kwehhovisi lezibalo laseTurkey. Noma yiliphi iphuzu elingaphansi kwe-100 libonisa isimo sengqondo sokungabi nathemba emphakathini.

Manje u-Erdogan, olahlekelwe ukwesekwa ngumngane wakhe uTrump, usenikeze i-European Union igatsha le-olive, ebhalela uMengameli waseFrance u-Emmanuel Macron futhi ehlela umhlangano wevidiyo ngethemba lokulungisa kancane kancane ubudlelwano naleli qembu.

Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kombiko wakamuva we-Al Jazeera, "izinxushunxushu zomphakathi" ziyenzeka eTurkey, futhi amaqembu aphikisayo ahlela "ukugumbuqela umbuso" futhi acela ukhetho lokuqala lukamongameli nolwephalamende ngaphansi kwesizathu sokuwohloka kwesimo sezomnotho eTurkey. Lowo owayenguNdunankulu waseTurkey u-Ahmet Davutoglu uxwayise ngokuthi isimo sikaMengameli uRecep Tayyip Erdogan singase singazinzile kulandela izinsongo eziningi zakamuva kanye nemizamo yokugqugquzela ukugumbuqela umbuso, nokuthi izwe lingabhekana nengozi yokugumbuqela umbuso kwezempi okunye.

Ngemva kokugumbuqelwa kombuso kwamasosha okwahluleka ngoJulayi 15, 2016, lapho kwathunyelwa khona amathangi emigwaqweni, u-Erdogan wathatha isinyathelo esiwujuqu futhi wenza “ukuhlanza” ngaphakathi kwebutho.

Ukuwa kwemali

I-lira yaseTurkey kumele ibe phakathi kwezimali ezisebenza kabi kakhulu emhlabeni ngo-2020 - kusukela ku-5.94 kuya kudola ekuqaleni konyaka kuya cishe ku-7.5 ngoDisemba, ukwehla ngamaphesenti angama-25 kulo nyaka, okwenza kube yimakethe ekhulayo embi kakhulu ngemuva kweBrazil. Ekuqaleni kukaNovemba 2020, inani le-lira yaseTurkey lehle laya phansi kakhulu ngo-8.5 lira uma liqhathaniswa nedola.

Bekuyiminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ilandelana lapho i-lira yehla khona, kanti iningi lehla minyaka yonke lingaphezu kuka-10%. Ngomhlaka-2 Januwari 2012, i-lira yahweba ngo-1.8944 nedola laseMelika; Kodwa ngoDisemba 31, 2020, izinga lokushintshaniswa kwe-lira uma liqhathaniswa nedola laseMelika lehle laya ku-7.4392, ukwehla okungaphezu kuka-300% eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili.

Thina esihwebelana kwamanye amazwe kufanele sazi ukuthi uma inani lemali yezwe lehla kakhulu, izindleko zokungenisa impahla zizokhuphuka ngokufanele. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi abathumeli baseTurkey basengabhekana nokuwa kwe-lira yaseTurkey. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, abanye abahwebi baseTurkey bangakhetha ukumisa ukuhweba, noma ngisho nokumisa izinkokhelo zokukhokha ibhalansi futhi benqabe ukwamukela izimpahla.

Ukuze ingenele ezimakethe zemali, iTurkey icishe yaqeda izimali zayo zokushintshaniswa kwemali yangaphandle. Kodwa ngenxa yalokho, i-lira iqhubekile nokwehla kwenani, ngomphumela olinganiselwe ongokoqobo.

Ebhekene nenkinga yemali, uMengameli waseTurkey uRecep Tayyip Erdogan ucele abantu ukuthi bathenge i-lira ukuze baqale “impi kazwelonke” ngokumelene “nezitha zomnotho.” “Uma kukhona onamadola, ama-euro noma igolide ngaphansi kwemicamelo yakhe, iya ebhange bese uyishintshanisa ne-lira yaseTurkey. Lena impi kazwelonke,” kusho u-Erdogan. “Ngeke silahlekelwe yimpi yezomnotho.”

Kodwa lesi yisikhathi lapho abantu bevame ukuthenga igolide njengothango — amaTurkey athola i-bullion ngesivinini esiqopha umlando. Nakuba igolide liye lawa izinyanga ezintathu zilandelana, lisakhuphuka cishe ngo-19% kusukela ngo-2020.
Ukuvikelwa kwezohwebo

Ngakho-ke, iTurkey, ehlushwa yizinkinga ekhaya futhi yahlasela kwamanye amazwe, yaphakamisa induku enkulu "yokuvikela ukuhweba".

Unyaka ka-2021 usanda kuqala, futhi iTurkey isivele iwachithile amacala amaningana:

Eqinisweni, iTurkey iyizwe eliqale uphenyo oluningi lokuxazulula izinkinga zokuhweba ngemikhiqizo yaseShayina esikhathini esidlule. Ngo-2020, iTurkey izoqhubeka nokuqala uphenyo futhi ibeke intela kweminye imikhiqizo.

Ikakhulukazi kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izimiso zamasiko aseTurkey zinomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu, ngemuva kokuthi izimpahla eziya echwebeni uma zibuyiselwa kumuntu othunyelwe zivunyelwene ngokubhala futhi zibonise ukuthi “zenqabile ukuthola isaziso”, ngemuva kokuthi izimpahla zingene emachwebeni aseTurkey njengempahla, iTurkey yechweba elide noma ukukhishwa kwezimpahla ngaphandle komuntu, amasiko azobe engenazo izinqubo zomnikazi, anelungelo lokuthengisa izimpahla endalini, umngenisi womthengi wokuqala ngalesi sikhathi.

Ezinye izimiso zamasiko aseTurkey bezisetshenziswa iminyaka eminingi ngabathengi basekhaya abangafuneki, futhi uma abathumeli ngaphandle bengaqapheli, bazoba sesimweni sokunganaki.
Ngakho-ke, sicela uqiniseke ukuthi unaka ukuphepha kokukhokha kokuthunyelwa kwamuva eTurkey!