Izici ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zodayi wokuhlakaza:

Amandla okuphakamisa, amandla okuvala, ukuzinza kokuhlakazeka, ukuzwela kwe-PH, ukuhambisana.

1. Amandla okuphakamisa
1. Incazelo yamandla okuphakamisa:
Amandla okuphakamisa angenye yezinto ezibalulekile zodayi abahlakazayo. Lesi sici sibonisa ukuthi lapho udayi ngamunye usetshenziselwa ukudaya noma ukuphrinta, inani likadayi liyakhula kancane kancane, futhi izinga lokujula kombala wendwangu (noma uhlamvu) landa ngokufanele. Kumadayi anamandla okuphakamisa okuhle, ukujula kokudaya kuyanda ngokuya ngenani lenani ledayi, okubonisa ukuthi kukhona ukudaya okujulile okungcono; odayi abanamandla aphansi okuphakamisa banokudaya okubi okujulile. Lapho ufinyelela ekujuleni okuthile, umbala ngeke usajula njengoba inani likadayi landa.
2. Umthelela wokuphakamisa amandla ekudayeni:
Amandla okuphakamisa odayi abahlakazayo ahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo ezithile. Odayi abanamandla okuphakamisa aphezulu kufanele basetshenziselwe imibala ejulile newugqinsi, futhi odayi abanezinga eliphansi lokuphakamisa bangasetshenziselwa ukukhanya okugqamile nemibala ekhanyayo. Kuphela ngokuqonda izici zamadayi futhi uwasebenzise ngokunengqondo umphumela wokulondoloza odayi nokunciphisa izindleko ungafinyelelwa.
3. Ukuhlolwa kokuphakamisa:
Amandla okuphakamisa udayi okushisa okuphezulu kanye nokudaya kwengcindezi ephezulu kuvezwa ngo-%. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokudaya ezishiwo, izinga lokuqeda udayi esixazululweni sikadayi liyalinganiswa, noma inani lokujula kombala wesampula elidayiwe likalwa ngokuqondile. Ukujula kokudaya kodayi ngamunye kungahlukaniswa ngamazinga ayisithupha ngokuya nge-1, 2, 3.5, 5, 7.5, 10% (OMF), futhi ukudaya kwenziwa emshinini omncane wesampula wokushisa okuphezulu nokucindezela okuphezulu. Amandla okuphakamisa udayi wokudaya kwephedi elincibilikayo elishisayo noma ukuphrinta kwendwangu avezwa nge-g/L.
Ngokuphathelene nokukhiqizwa kwangempela, amandla okuphakamisa idayi ushintsho ekugxilweni kwesisombululo sedayi, okungukuthi, ukuguqulwa komthunzi womkhiqizo ophelile ohlobene nomkhiqizo odayiwe. Lolu shintsho alukwazi nje ukungaqageleki, kodwa futhi lungalinganisa ngokunembile inani lokujula kombala ngosizo lwethuluzi, bese kubala ijika lamandla okuphakamisa likadayi wokuhlakaza ngokusebenzisa ifomula yokujula kombala.
2. Amandla okuvala

1. Ayini amandla okuvala udayi?

Njengokufihlwa kukakotini ofile ngodayi abasebenzayo noma odayi be-vat lapho udaywa ukotini, ukufihlwa kodayi abahlakazayo ku-polyester yekhwalithi ephansi kubizwa ngokuthi ukumbozwa lapha. Izindwangu ze-polyester (noma i-acetate filament), okuhlanganisa nezingubo zokuluka, ngokuvamile ziba ne-shading yombala ngemva kokudaywa ngodayi abahlakaziwe. Kunezizathu eziningi zephrofayili yombala, ezinye ziyiziphambeko zokuluka, kanti ezinye zivezwa ngemva kokudaya ngenxa yomehluko wekhwalithi yefayibha.

2. Ukuhlolwa kokuhlanganisa:

Ukukhetha izindwangu ze-polyester filament ezisezingeni eliphansi, ukudaya ngamadayi ahlakazekile emibala ehlukene nezinhlobonhlobo ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokudaya, izimo ezihlukene zizokwenzeka. Amanye amamaki emibala abucayi kanti amanye awabonakali, okukhombisa ukuthi odayi abahlakazayo banamabanga ahlukene wemibala. Idigri yokufakwa. Ngokwezinga elimpunga, ibanga loku-1 elinomehluko onzima wombala kanye nebanga lesi-5 ngaphandle komehluko wombala.

Amandla okuvala amadayi ahlakazayo efayeleni lombala anqunywa isakhiwo sedayi ngokwayo. Odayi abaningi abanezinga eliphezulu lokuqala lokudaya, ukusakazeka kancane kanye nokufuduka okungekuhle banokufaka kahle efayeleni lombala. Amandla okuvala nawo ahlobene nokushesha kwe-sublimation.

3. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kokudaya kwe-polyester filament:

Ngokuphambene nalokho, odayi abahlakazayo abanamandla okumboza ampofu bangasetshenziswa ukuthola ikhwalithi yemicu ye-polyester. Izinqubo zokukhiqiza ifayibha ezingazinzile, okuhlanganisa izinguquko ekudwebeni nasekusetheni imingcele, kuzodala ukungqubuzana ku-fiber affinity. Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yokudaya kwemicu ye-polyester kuvame ukwenziwa ngodayi wokumboza ompofu ojwayelekile i-Eastman Fast Blue GLF (CI Disperse Blue 27), ukujula kokudaya okungu-1%, ubilise ku-95°100℃ imizuzu engama-30, ukuwashwa nokomiswa ngokwezinga lombala. umehluko Ukulinganisa ukugreda.

4. Ukuvimbela ekukhiqizeni:

Ukuze uvimbele ukuvela kwe-shading yombala ekukhiqizeni kwangempela, isinyathelo sokuqala ukuqinisa ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi yezinto eziluhlaza ze-polyester fiber. Umshini wokweluka kufanele usebenzise intambo eyinsalela ngaphambi kokushintsha umkhiqizo. Ngempahla eluhlaza eyaziwayo yekhwalithi embi, ukusabalalisa odayi abanamandla okumboza okuhle kungakhethwa ukugwema ukuwohloka okukhulu komkhiqizo osuphelile.

3. Ukuzinza kokuhlakazeka

1. Ukuzinza kokuhlakazeka kodayi abahlakazayo:

Odayi abahlakazayo bathelwa emanzini bese behlakazeka babe yizinhlayiya ezinhle. Ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana kunwetshwa ngokuya ngefomula ye-binomial, ngenani elimaphakathi lika-0.5 kuya ku-1 micron. Usayizi wezinhlayiyana zodayi bezinga eliphezulu bezentengiselwano useduze kakhulu, futhi kukhona iphesenti eliphezulu, elingaboniswa ijika lokusabalalisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana. Odayi abanosayizi wezinhlayiyana abasabalalisi kahle banezinhlayiya ezimahhadla zobukhulu obuhlukene kanye nokungaqini kahle kokuhlakazeka. Uma usayizi wezinhlayiyana udlula kakhulu ububanzi obumaphakathi, ukuhlanganiswa kabusha kwezinhlayiya ezincane kungase kwenzeke. Ngenxa yokwanda kwezinhlayiya ezinkulu eziphinde zenziwe kabusha, odayi bayancibilika bese befakwa ezindongeni zomshini wokudaya noma emicu.

Ukuze wenze izinhlayiya ezinhle zodayi zibe ukuhlakazeka kwamanzi okuzinzile, kufanele kube nokugxila okwanele kokusatshalaliswa kodayi obilayo emanzini. Izinhlayiya zikadayi zizungezwe i-dispersant, evimbela odayi ukuthi bangasondelani, ukuvimbela ukuhlangana okuhlangene noma ukuhlangana. Ukuchithwa kwe-anion kusiza ukuzinzisa ukuhlakazeka. Ama-anionic dispersants asetshenziswa ngokuvamile ahlanganisa ama-lignosulfonates emvelo noma ama-synthetic naphthalene sulfonic acid dispersants: kukhona futhi ama-non-ionic dispersants, iningi lawo okuyi-alkylphenol polyoxyethylene derivatives, esetshenziselwa ngokukhethekile ukuphrinta kokunamathisela kokwenziwa.

2. Izinto ezithinta ukuzinza kokuhlakazeka kodayi abahlakazayo:

Ukungcola okudayi wokuqala kungase kuthinte kabi isimo sokuhlakazeka. Ukushintsha kwekristalu likadayi nakho kuyisici esibalulekile. Amanye ama-crystal states kulula ukuwahlakaza, kanti amanye akulula. Phakathi nenqubo yokudaya, isimo sekristalu sikadayi ngezinye izikhathi siyashintsha.

Lapho udayi uhlakazeka esixazululweni samanzi, ngenxa yethonya lezici zangaphandle, isimo esizinzile sokuhlakazeka siyabhujiswa, okungase kubangele ukwanda kwe-crystal yedayi, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlayiyana kanye ne-flocculation.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-aggregation kanye ne-flocculation ukuthi eyokuqala ingaphinde inyamalale, ibuyele emuva, futhi ingahlakazwa futhi ngokushukumisa, kuyilapho udayi ohlutshiwe uwukuhlakazeka ongakwazi ukubuyiselwa ekuzinzeni. Imiphumela ebangelwa ukugeleza kwezinhlayiya zikadayi ihlanganisa: amabala ombala, ukunensa kombala, isivuno esiphansi sombala, ukudaya ngokungalingani, kanye nokungcoliswa kwethangi.

Izici ezibangela ukungazinzi kokuhlakazeka kotshwala obudayi cishe kanjena: ikhwalithi yedayi engalungile, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu likadayi wotshwala, isikhathi eside kakhulu, isivinini sepompo esheshayo, inani le-pH eliphansi, izinsiza ezingafanele, nezindwangu ezingcolile.

3. Ukuhlolwa kokuzinza kokuhlakazeka:

A. Indlela yephepha lokuhlunga:
Ngesisombululo sikadayi esingu-10 g/L, engeza i-acetic ukuze ulungise inani le-pH. Thatha u-500 ml bese uhlunga ngephepha lesihlungi elingu-#2 kufaneli ye-porcelain ukuze ubone ukucoleka kwezinhlayiyana. Thatha omunye u-400 ml endaweni yokushisa ephezulu kanye nomshini wokudaya ocindezelayo ukuze uvivinye okungenalutho, uwushise ufike ku-130 ° C, uwugcine ufudumele ihora elingu-1, uwupholise phansi, bese uwuhlunga ngephepha lokuhlunga ukuze uqhathanise izinguquko ezinhlayiyeni zikadayi. . Ngemuva kokuthi utshwala obudayi obushiswe ekushiseni okuphezulu buhlungiwe, awekho amabala ombala ephepheni, okubonisa ukuthi ukuzinza kokuhlakazeka kuhle.

B. Indlela yombala wesilwane esifuywayo:
Ukugxila kodayi 2.5% (isisindo ku-polyester), isilinganiso sokugeza 1:30, engeza u-1 ml we-10% ammonium sulfate, lungisa i-pH 5 ne-1% acetic acid, thatha amagremu angu-10 endwangu ephothiweyo ye-polyester, uyigingqe odongeni olunezimbotshana, futhi ujikeleze ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesisombululo sedayi Emshinini wesampula omncane oshisa kakhulu nokucindezela okuphezulu, izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka libe ngu-130 ° C ngo-80 ° C, ligcinwe imizuzu engu-10, lipholile ku-100 ° C, ligezwa futhi lomiswe ngaphakathi. amanzi, futhi wabheka ukuthi akhona yini amachashaza ombala ofisene endwangu.

Okwesine, ukuzwela kwe-pH

1. Kuyini ukuzwela kwe-pH?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zodayi abahlakazayo, ama-chromatogram abanzi, kanye nokuzwela okuhluke kakhulu ku-pH. Izixazululo zokudaya ezinamavelu e-pH ahlukene ngokuvamile ziphumela emiphumeleni ehlukene yokudaya, ezithinta ukujula kombala, futhi zibangele nokushintsha kombala okungathi sína. Esimweni esine-asidi ebuthakathaka (pH4.5–5.5), odayi abahlakazayo basesimweni esizinze kakhulu.

Amanani e-pH ezixazululo zikadayi wezohwebo awafani, amanye awathathi hlangothi, kanti amanye ane-alkaline kancane. Ngaphambi kokudaya, lungisa i-pH ecacisiwe nge-acetic acid. Phakathi nenqubo yokudaya, ngezinye izikhathi inani le-pH lesisombululo sikadayi lizokhula kancane kancane. Uma kunesidingo, i-formic acid ne-ammonium sulfate ingafakwa ukuze kugcinwe ikhambi likadayi esimweni se-asidi esibuthakathaka.

2. Umthelela wesakhiwo sikadayi ekuzweleni kwe-pH:

Abanye odayi abasabalalisa abanesakhiwo se-azo bazwela kakhulu i-alkali futhi abamelani nokwehliswa. Iningi lamadayi ahlakazayo anamaqembu e-ester, amaqembu e-cyano noma amaqembu e-amide azothinteka yi-alkaline hydrolysis, okuzothinta umthunzi ojwayelekile. Ezinye izinhlobo zingadaywa endaweni yokugeza efanayo ngodayi abaqondile noma iphedi elidaywe kubhavu ofanayo nodayi abasebenzayo ngisho noma bedayiwe ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkali ezingathathi hlangothi noma ezibuthakathaka ngaphandle kokushintsha kombala.

Lapho ama-colorants wokuphrinta adinga ukusebenzisa odayi abahlakazayo kanye nodayi abasebenzayo ukuze baphrinte ngosayizi ofanayo, odayi abazinzile kuphela be-alkali bangasetshenziswa ukugwema ithonya le-baking soda noma i-soda ash emthunzini. Naka ngokukhethekile ukufanisa imibala. Kuyadingeka ukuphumelela ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kokushintsha udayi ohlukahlukene, futhi uthole uhla lokuzinza kwe-pH kadayi.
5. Ukuvumelana

1. Incazelo yokuhambisana:

Emkhiqizweni wokudaya ngobuningi, ukuze kutholwe ukukhiqizwa kabusha okuhle, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuthi izici zokudaya zamadayi ombala amathathu ayinhloko asetshenzisiwe zifane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umehluko wombala uyavumelana ngaphambi nangemva kwamaqoqo. Ungawulawula kanjani umehluko wombala phakathi kwamaqoqo emikhiqizo edayiwe eqediwe ngaphakathi kwebanga elivumelekile lekhwalithi? Lona umbuzo ofanayo obandakanya ukuhambisana kombala kwemiyalelo yokudaya, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhambisana kodayi (okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuhambisana kokudaya). Ukuhambisana kwamadayi ahlakazayo nakho kuhlobene nokujula kokudaya.

Odayi abahlakazayo abasetshenziselwa ukudaya i-cellulose acetate ngokuvamile badingeka ukuthi bafakwe umbala cishe ku-80°C. Izinga lokushisa lombala likadayi liphezulu kakhulu noma liphansi kakhulu, elingahambisani nokumataniswa kombala.

2. Ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana:

Uma i-polyester idayiwe ekushiseni okuphezulu nokucindezela okuphezulu, izici zokudaya zamadayi ahlakazayo zivame ukuguqulwa ngenxa yokufakwa komunye udayi. Umgomo ojwayelekile ukukhetha odayi abanamazinga okushisa afanayo abalulekile okudaya ukuze kufaniswe imibala. Ukuze uphenye ukuhambisana kwama-dyestuffs, uchungechunge lwesampula encane yokuhlolwa kokudaya kungenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezifana nemishini yokukhiqiza yokudaya, kanye nemingcele yenqubo eyinhloko njengokugxilwa kweresiphi, izinga lokushisa lesisombululo sokudaya kanye nokudaya. isikhathi siyashintshwa ukuze kuqhathaniswe umbala nokuvumelana kokukhanya kwamasampula endwangu edayiwe. , Beka odayi ngokuhambisana kangcono kokudaya esigabeni esisodwa.

3. Ungakhetha kanjani ukuhambisana kwamadayi ngokunengqondo?

Lapho izindwangu ezihlanganisiwe zikakotini ze-polyester zidaywa ngokuncibilika okushisayo, odayi abahambisana nombala kumele nabo babe nezinto ezifanayo nezodayi be-monochromatic. Izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo kanye nesikhathi kufanele kuhambisane nezici zokulungisa zedayi ukuze kuqinisekiswe isivuno esiphezulu sombala. Udayi ngamunye wombala owodwa unejika eliqondile lokulungiswa kwe-hot-melt, elingasetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokukhethwa kokuqala kodayi abahambisana nombala. Odayi abahlakaza uhlobo lwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngokuvamile abakwazi ukufanisa imibala nohlobo lwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ngoba badinga amazinga okushisa ahlukene okuncibilika. Odayi bokushisa okumaphakathi abakwazi nje ukufanisa imibala enamadayi okushisa aphezulu, kodwa futhi banokuhambisana namadayi okushisa aphansi. Ukufanisa umbala okunengqondo kufanele kucabangele ukuvumelana phakathi kwezakhiwo zamadayi kanye nokushesha kombala. Umphumela wokumataniswa kombala ngokungafanele ukuthi umthunzi awuzinzile futhi ukuphindaphindeka kombala komkhiqizo akukuhle.

Ngokuvamile kunenkolelo yokuthi ukwakheka kwejika likadayi lokuncibilika okushisayo kuyefana noma kuyefana, kanye nenani lezingqimba ze-monochromatic diffusion kufilimu ye-polyester nalo liyafana. Lapho odayi ababili bedaywa ndawonye, ​​ukukhanya kombala kungqimba ngayinye yokusabalalisa kuhlala kungashintshile, okubonisa ukuthi laba bobabili Odayi banokuhambisana okuhle komunye nomunye ekufaniseni umbala; ngokuphambene, ukwakheka kwejika likadayi lokuncibilika okushisayo kuhlukile (isibonelo, ijika elilodwa liyakhuphuka ngokwanda kwezinga lokushisa, kanti elinye ijika liyehla ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa), ungqimba lwe-monochromatic diffusion ku-polyester. ifilimu Uma odayi ababili abanezinombolo ezihlukene bedaywa ndawonye, ​​izithunzi ezisesendlaleni sokusabalalisa ziyahlukahluka, ngakho azifaneleki ukufanisa imibala, kodwa umbala ofanayo awukho ngaphansi kwalo mkhawulo. Thatha i-chestnut: Hlakaza i-HGL eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumnyama bese uhlakaza i-3B ebomvu noma uhlakaze i-RGFL ephuzi inamajika okulungisa ukuncibilika ahluke ngokuphelele, futhi inani lezendlalelo zokusabalalisa kufilimu ye-polyester lihluke kakhulu, futhi alikwazi ukufanisa nemibala. Njengoba i-Disperse Red M-BL kanye ne-Disperse Red 3B zinama-hues afanayo, zisengasetshenziselwa ukufanisa umbala nakuba izici zazo zokuncibilika okushisayo zingahambisani.