Izakhiwo ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zamadayi ahlakazekile:

Amandla okuphakamisa, amandla okumboza, ukuzinza kokuhlakazeka, ukuzwela kwe-PH, ukuhambisana.

1. Amandla okuphakamisa
1. Incazelo yamandla okuphakamisa:
Amandla okuphakamisa angenye yezimpawu ezibalulekile zamadayi ahlakazekile. Lesi sici sibonisa ukuthi uma idayi ngayinye isetshenziselwa ukudaya noma ukuphrinta, inani ledayi liyakhuphuka kancane kancane, futhi izinga lokujula kombala endwangu (noma entanjeni) liyakhuphuka ngokufanele. Kudayi abanamandla amahle okuphakamisa, ukujula kokudaya kuyanda ngokwesilinganiso senani ledayi, okubonisa ukuthi kukhona ukudaya okujulile okungcono; amadayi anamandla amancane okuphakamisa anokudaya okujulile okuncane. Uma efika ekujuleni okuthile, umbala ngeke usajula njengoba inani ledayi likhula.
2. Umphumela wamandla okuphakamisa ekudayini:
Amandla okuphakamisa amadayi ahlakazekile ahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo ezithile. Amadayi anamandla okuphakamisa aphezulu kufanele asetshenziswe emibala ejulile neyindilinga, kanti amadayi anesilinganiso esiphansi sokuphakamisa angasetshenziswa emibala ekhanyayo nekhanyayo. Umphumela wokonga amadayi nokunciphisa izindleko ungafinyelelwa kuphela ngokuqonda izici zamadayi nokuzisebenzisa ngendlela efanele.
3. Ukuhlolwa kokuphakamisa:
Amandla okuphakamisa udayi okushisa okuphezulu kanye nokudaya ngomfutho ophezulu avezwa ku-%. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokudaya ezichaziwe, izinga lokukhathala kodayi esixazululweni sodayi liyalinganiswa, noma inani lokujula kombala wesampula edayiwe lilinganiswa ngqo. Ukujula kokudaya kodayi ngamunye kungahlukaniswa kube amazinga ayisithupha ngokuya nge-1, 2, 3.5, 5, 7.5, 10% (OMF), futhi ukudaya kwenziwa emshinini omncane wesampula okushisa okuphezulu kanye nomfutho ophezulu. Amandla okuphakamisa udayi wokudaya nge-hot melt pad noma ukuphrinta kwendwangu avezwa ku-g/L.
Ngokuphathelene nokukhiqizwa kwangempela, amandla okuphakamisa udayi ushintsho ekugxilweni kwesisombululo sodayi, okungukuthi, ushintsho emthunzini womkhiqizo oqediwe maqondana nomkhiqizo odaywe. Lolu shintsho alukwazi nje kuphela ukungabikezeleki, kodwa futhi lungalinganisa ngokunembile inani lokujula kombala ngosizo lwethuluzi, bese kubalwa ijika lamandla okuphakamisa udayi ohlakazekile ngefomula yokujula kombala.
2. Amandla okumboza

1. Iyini amandla okumboza udayi?

Njengokufihla ukotini ofile ngamadayi asebenzayo noma amadayi e-vat lapho kudaywa ukotini, ukufihla kodayi abasabalele ku-polyester esezingeni eliphansi kubizwa ngokuthi ukumbozwa lapha. Izindwangu ze-polyester (noma i-acetate fiber) filament, okuhlanganisa nezingubo ezithungiwe, zivame ukuba nombala ofiphele ngemva kokudaywa ngezicucu ngamadayi abasabalele. Kunezizathu eziningi zephrofayili yombala, ezinye ziyiziphambeko zokuluka, kanti ezinye zivezwa ngemva kokudaywa ngenxa yomehluko wekhwalithi yefayibha.

2. Ukuhlolwa kokumbozwa:

Ukukhetha izindwangu ze-polyester filament ezisezingeni eliphansi, ukudaya ngamadayi ahlakazekile emibala ehlukene nezinhlobo ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokudaya, kuzovela izimo ezahlukene. Amanye amamaki ombala abucayi kanti amanye awabonakali, okubonisa ukuthi amadayi ahlakazekile anamamaki ombala ahlukene. Izinga lokumbozwa. Ngokwezinga elimpunga, ibanga 1 elinomehluko omkhulu wombala kanye nebanga 5 elingenawo umehluko wombala.

Amandla okumboza amadayi ahlakazekile kufayela lombala anqunywa yisakhiwo sedayi uqobo. Amadayi amaningi anezinga eliphezulu lokudaya kokuqala, ukusabalala okuhamba kancane kanye nokufuduka okungekuhle anembozo embi kufayela lombala. Amandla okumboza ahlobene nokushesha kwe-sublimation.

3. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kokudaya kwentambo ye-polyester:

Ngokuphambene nalokho, amadayi ahlakazekile anamandla okumboza angasetshenziswa ukuthola ikhwalithi yemicu ye-polyester. Izinqubo zokukhiqiza imicu ezingazinzile, okuhlanganisa nezinguquko ekubhalweni nasekusethweni kwemingcele, zizobangela ukungahambisani kokuhambisana kwemicu ye-fiber. Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yokudaya imicu ye-polyester kuvame ukwenziwa ngedayi yokumboza engavamile empofu i-Eastman Fast Blue GLF (CI Disperse Blue 27), ukujula kokudaya okungu-1%, ukubilisa ku-95～100℃ imizuzu engama-30, ukuwasha nokomisa ngokwezinga lomehluko wombala Isilinganiso sokukala.

4. Ukuvimbela ekukhiqizeni:

Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwenzeka kombala ofiphele ekukhiqizweni kwangempela, isinyathelo sokuqala ukuqinisa ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-polyester fiber. Umshini wokuthunga kumele usebenzise yonke intambo eningi ngaphambi kokushintsha umkhiqizo. Ukuze uthole izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphansi ezaziwayo, amadayi ahlakazekile anamandla amahle okumboza angakhethwa ukuze kugwenywe ukuwohloka okukhulu komkhiqizo oqediwe.

3. Ukuqina kokuhlakazeka

1. Ukuqina kokuhlakazeka kwamadayi ahlakazekile:

Amadayi ahlakazekile athululelwa emanzini bese ehlakazeka abe yizinhlayiya ezincane. Ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya kwandiswe ngokwefomula ye-binomial, ngenani elimaphakathi elingu-0.5 kuya ku-1 micron. Usayizi wezinhlayiya zamadayi ezentengiselwano asezingeni eliphezulu usondelene kakhulu, futhi kunephesenti eliphezulu, elingaboniswa yi-curve yokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya. Amadayi anokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya ezimbi anezinhlayiya ezinkulu ezinobukhulu obuhlukene kanye nokuqina kokusabalala okubi. Uma usayizi wezinhlayiya udlula kakhulu ububanzi obumaphakathi, ukuphinda kusetshenziswe izinhlayiya ezincane kungenzeka. Ngenxa yokwanda kwezinhlayiya ezinkulu eziphinde zasetshenziswa, amadayi ayavinjelwa futhi abekwe ezindongeni zomshini wokudaya noma kwimicu.

Ukuze kwenziwe izinhlayiya ezincane zedayi zibe ukusabalala kwamanzi okuzinzile, kumele kube nokuhlushwa okwanele kokusabalala kwedayi okubilayo emanzini. Izinhlayiya zedayi zizungezwe yi-dispersant, okuvimbela amadayi ukuthi asondelane, okuvimbela ukuhlangana noma ukuhlangana. Ukuxoshwa kwe-anion kusiza ekuqiniseni ukusabalala. Ama-dispersant e-anionic asetshenziswa kakhulu afaka phakathi ama-lignosulfonates emvelo noma ama-dispersant e-naphthalene sulfonic acid ahlanganisiwe: kukhona nama-dispersant angewona ama-ionic, amaningi awo angama-alkylphenol polyoxyethylene derivatives, asetshenziswa ngokukhethekile ekuphrinteni kokunamathisela okwenziwe.

2. Izici ezithinta ukuzinza kokusabalala kwamadayi asakazekile:

Ukungcola kudayi wokuqala kungathinta kabi isimo sokusabalala. Ukushintsha kwekristalu yedayi nakho kuyisici esibalulekile. Ezinye izimo zekristalu kulula ukuzihlakaza, kanti ezinye azilula. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokudaya, isimo sekristalu sedayi ngezinye izikhathi siyashintsha.

Uma udayi uhlakazeka esixazululweni samanzi, ngenxa yethonya lezinto zangaphandle, isimo esizinzile sokuhlakazeka siyabhujiswa, okungase kubangele ukwanda kwekristalu yodayi, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlayiya kanye nokugobhoza.

Umehluko phakathi kokuhlanganiswa kanye nokugoba ukuthi okwangaphambili kungaphinde kunyamalale, kuphinde kuguqulwe, futhi kungaphinde kuhlakazwe ngokuxubha, kuyilapho udayi ogobayo uwukuhlakazeka okungenakukwazi ukubuyiselwa ekuzinzeni. Imiphumela ebangelwa ukugoba kwezinhlayiya zedayi ihlanganisa: amabala ombala, umbala ohamba kancane, isivuno esincane sombala, ukudaya okungalingani, kanye nokungcola kwethangi.

Izici ezibangela ukungazinzi kokusabalala kotshwala bedayi cishe yilezi ezilandelayo: ikhwalithi ephansi yotshwala, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lotshwala bedayi, isikhathi eside kakhulu, isivinini sephampu esisheshayo kakhulu, inani eliphansi le-pH, izinsiza ezingafanele, kanye nezindwangu ezingcolile.

3. Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kokuhlakazeka:

A. Indlela yephepha lokuhlunga:
Ngesixazululo sikadayi esihlakazekile esingu-10 g/L, engeza i-acetic acid ukuze ulungise inani le-pH. Thatha u-500 ml bese uhlunga ngephepha lokuhlunga elingu-#2 ku-porcelain funnel ukuze ubone ubuncane bezinhlayiya. Thatha elinye u-400 ml emshinini wokudaya okushisa okuphezulu kanye nomshini wokudaya ocindezelayo ukuze uvivinye okungenalutho, ukushise ku-130°C, ukugcine kufudumele ihora eli-1, ukupholise, bese ukuhlunga ngephepha lokuhlunga ukuze uqhathanise izinguquko ebuncaneni bezinhlayiya zedayi. Ngemva kokuba utshwala bukadayi obushiswe ekushiseni okuphezulu buhlungiwe, azikho izindawo ezinemibala ephepheni, okubonisa ukuthi ukuzinza kokusabalala kuhle.

B. Indlela yokufaka umbala wesilwane sasekhaya:
Ukuhlushwa kwedayi 2.5% (isisindo se-polyester), isilinganiso sokugeza 1:30, engeza i-1 ml ye-10% ammonium sulfate, lungisa ku-pH 5 nge-1% acetic acid, thatha amagremu ayi-10 endwangu ethungwe nge-polyester, uyigoqe odongeni olunezimbobo, bese ujikeleza ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesisombululo sedayi Emshinini omncane wesampula wokudaya okushisa okuphezulu nokucindezela okuphezulu, izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka liye ku-130°C ku-80°C, ligcinwe imizuzu eyi-10, lipholiswe liye ku-100°C, ligezwe futhi lomiswe emanzini, bese kubhekwe ukuthi kukhona yini amabala ombala ohlanganisiwe wedayi endwangu.

Okwesine, ukuzwela kwe-pH

1. Kuyini ukuzwela kwe-pH?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamadayi ahlakazekile, ama-chromatogram abanzi, kanye nokuzwela okuhlukile kakhulu ku-pH. Izixazululo zokudaya ezinamanani ahlukene e-pH zivame ukuphumela emiphumeleni ehlukene yokudaya, zithinta ukujula kombala, futhi zibangele ngisho nezinguquko ezinkulu zombala. Endaweni ene-acidic encane (pH4.5 ~ 5.5), amadayi ahlakazekile asesimweni esizinzile kakhulu.

Amanani e-pH ezixazululo zodayi ezithengiswayo awafani, amanye awakhethi hlangothi, kanti amanye ane-alkaline kancane. Ngaphambi kokudaya, lungisa i-pH ecacisiwe nge-acetic acid. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokudaya, ngezinye izikhathi inani le-pH lesixazululo sodayi lizokhula kancane kancane. Uma kudingeka, i-formic acid kanye ne-ammonium sulfate kungangezwa ukuze kugcinwe isisombululo sodayi esimweni se-acid esibuthakathaka.

2. Ithonya lesakhiwo sedayi ekuzweleni kwe-pH:

Amanye amadayi ahlakazekile anesakhiwo se-azo azwela kakhulu kuma-alkali futhi awamelani nokuncipha. Iningi lamadayi ahlakazekile anamaqembu e-ester, amaqembu e-cyano noma amaqembu e-amide azothinteka yi-alkaline hydrolysis, okuzothinta umthunzi ojwayelekile. Ezinye izinhlobo zingadaywa ebhavini elifanayo ngamadayi aqondile noma i-pad edaywe ebhavini elifanayo ngamadayi asebenzayo noma ngabe adayiwe ekushiseni okuphezulu ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkaline ezingathathi hlangothi noma ezibuthakathaka ngaphandle kokushintsha kombala.

Uma izinto zokufaka imibala zidinga ukusebenzisa amadayi ahlakazekile kanye namadayi asabelayo ukuze ziphrinte ngobukhulu obufanayo, amadayi aqinile ane-alkali kuphela angasetshenziswa ukugwema ithonya le-baking soda noma i-soda ash emthunzini. Naka ngokukhethekile ukufanisa imibala. Kuyadingeka ukuphumelela isivivinyo ngaphambi kokushintsha uhlobo lwedayi, bese uthola ububanzi bokuzinza kwe-pH yedayi.
5. Ukuhambisana

1. Incazelo yokuhambisana:

Ekukhiqizweni kokudaya ngobuningi, ukuze kutholakale ukuphindaphindeka okuhle, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuthi izici zokudaya zamadayi amathathu ayisisekelo asetshenziswayo zifane ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umehluko wombala uyahambisana ngaphambi nangemva kwamaqoqo. Ungawulawula kanjani umehluko wombala phakathi kwamaqoqo emikhiqizo eqediwe edaywe ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuvumelekile bekhwalithi? Lona umbuzo ofanayo ohilela ukuhambisana kombala kwemiyalelo yokudaya, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhambisana kokudaya (okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuhambisana kokudaya). Ukuhambisana kwamadayi ahlakazekile nakho kuhlobene nokujula kokudaya.

Amadayi ahlakazekile asetshenziselwa ukudaya i-cellulose acetate ngokuvamile kudingeka ukuthi afakwe umbala cishe ku-80°C. Izinga lokushisa lokufaka imibala lamadayi liphezulu kakhulu noma liphansi kakhulu, okuyinto engavumeli ukufana kombala.

2. Ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana:

Uma i-polyester idaywa ngokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu, izici zokudaya zamadayi ahlakazekile zivame ukushintsha ngenxa yokufakwa komunye udayi. Isimiso esijwayelekile ukukhetha amadayi anamazinga okushisa afanayo okudaya abalulekile ukuze kufaniswe imibala. Ukuze kuhlolwe ukuhambisana kwamadayi, uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ezincane zokudaya amasampula lungenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezifana nemishini yokukhiqiza ukudaya, kanye nemingcele yenqubo eyinhloko njengokuhlushwa kweresiphi, izinga lokushisa lesisombululo sokudaya kanye nesikhathi sokudaya kuyashintshwa ukuze kuqhathaniswe umbala kanye nokuvumelana kokukhanya kwamasampula endwangu edaywe. , Beka amadayi anokuhambisana okungcono kokudaya esigabeni esisodwa.

3. Ungakhetha kanjani ukuhambisana kwamadayi ngendlela efanele?

Uma izindwangu ezihlanganisiwe ze-polyester-cotton zidaywe ngokushisa okuncibilikisiwe, amadayi afanelana nombala kumele abe nezakhiwo ezifanayo namadayi e-monochromatic. Izinga lokushisa nesikhathi sokuncibilika kufanele kuhambisane nezici zokulungisa zedayi ukuqinisekisa isivuno esiphezulu sombala. Idayi ngayinye yombala inejika elithile lokuqina lokuncibilikisa elishisayo, elingasetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokukhethwa kokuqala kwamadayi afanelana nombala. Amadayi ahlakazekile ohlobo lokushisa eliphezulu ngokuvamile awakwazi ukufanisa imibala enohlobo lokushisa oluphansi, ngoba adinga amazinga okushisa ahlukene okuncibilikisa. Amadayi okushisa okuphakathi awakwazi ukufanisa imibala namadayi okushisa okuphezulu kuphela, kodwa futhi ahambisana namadayi okushisa okuphansi. Ukufaniswa kombala okunengqondo kumele kucabangele ukuvumelana phakathi kwezakhiwo zamadayi kanye nokushesha kombala. Umphumela wokufanisa umbala ngokungahleliwe ukuthi umbala awuzinzile futhi ukuphindaphindwa kombala komkhiqizo akukuhle.

Ngokuvamile kukholelwa ukuthi ukuma kwejika lokulungisa ukuncibilika kwe-hot-melt lamadayi kuyafana noma kuyafana, futhi inani lezingqimba zokusabalala kwe-monochromatic kwifilimu ye-polyester nalo liyafana. Lapho amadayi amabili edaywa ndawonye, ​​ukukhanya kombala kungqimba ngayinye yokusabalala kuhlala kungashintshi, okubonisa ukuthi amadayi amabili anokuhambisana okuhle komunye nomunye ekufaniseni imibala; ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuma kwejika lokulungisa ukuncibilika kwe-hot-melt ledayi kuhlukile (isibonelo, ijika elilodwa liyakhuphuka ngokwanda kwezinga lokushisa, kanti elinye ijika liyancipha ngokwanda kwezinga lokushisa), ungqimba lokusabalala kwe-monochromatic kwifilimu ye-polyester Lapho amadayi amabili anezinombolo ezahlukene edaywa ndawonye, ​​​​imithunzi kungqimba lokusabalala ihlukile, ngakho-ke akufanele ukuthi omunye nomunye afane nemibala, kodwa umbala ofanayo awukho ngaphansi kwalo mkhawulo. Thatha i-chestnut: Hlakaza i-HGL eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emnyama bese uhlakaza obomvu i-3B noma uhlakaze i-RGFL ephuzi ibe namajika okulungisa ukuncibilika kwe-hot-melt ahluke ngokuphelele, futhi inani lezingqimba zokusabalala kwifilimu ye-polyester lihlukile kakhulu, futhi alikwazi ukufanisa imibala. Njengoba i-Disperse Red M-BL kanye ne-Disperse Red 3B zinemibala efanayo, zingasetshenziswa ekufaniseni imibala yize izakhiwo zazo zokuncibilika kwe-hot-melt zingaguquguquki.