I-Diphenol ayiyona i-hydrocarbon enephunga elimnandi ngenxa yokuthi iqukethe ama-athomu omoya-mpilo futhi iphuma ephunga elimnandi.
I-Industrial 2-naphthol icwengisiswe i-naphthol njengento eluhlaza, ne-96-98% sulfuric acid sulfonation ye-2-naphthol sulfonic acid, bese iba ne-sodium sulfite neutralization ukuze ikhiqize usawoti wayo we-sodium, bese kuba ne-sodium hydroxide alkali fusion ye-2-naphthol sodium. , bese kuba ne-sulfuric acid acidification yemikhiqizo engcolile engu-2-naphthol, ngemva kokubilisa, ukugeza, ukoma, ukuchithwa kwe-distillation yemikhiqizo engu-2-naphthol.
Ukungcoliswa kwale nqubo kubi kakhulu futhi inkinga yokuvikelwa kwemvelo igqame kakhulu.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-cyanamine yaseMelika ye-2-isopropylnaphthalene ukukhiqizwa okuhlangene kwenqubo ye-acetone 2-naphthol, ngenxa yezindleko zokuvikelwa kwemvelo nezinye izizathu futhi kwamisa ukukhiqizwa.
Njengamanje, amazwe ayinhloko wokukhiqiza we-2-naphthol emhlabeni yi-China, India, Japan, Italy kanye namanye amazwe aseMpumalanga Yurophu.
I-China yaqala ukukhiqiza i-2-naphthol ngo-1957. Kusukela ngo-1980, njengoba amazwe athuthukile ayeka ukukhiqiza ngokulandelana, i-China isibe umphakeli oyinhloko we-2-naphthol.
Kusukela ngo-1990, imakethe ye-2-naphthol iye yabhekana nokukhuphuka nokwehla okukhulu. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukukhishwa kwaminyaka yonke kwamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-8-100 kuye kwagcinwa, futhi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuye kwagcina ukukhula okukhulu, ngokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwamathani angu-8,227 ngo-2005, amathani angu-15,924 ngo-2006, kanye namathani angu-15,307 kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Okthoba 2007.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-2-naphthol e-China cishe ku-60% ye-intermediates kadayi, i-20% yezithako zenjoloba, i-10% yamadayi nezingulube, kanye ne-10% yabanye.
Njengoba isidingo samadayi nezingulube sikhula, sizoba nesidingo se-2-naphthol.
Ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokukhiqiza, ukonga amandla nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa, ukunciphisa imfucuza emithathu noma ukuthuthukisa inqubo entsha yokuhlanza sekube isiqondiso esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo nokunempilo kwemboni yokukhiqiza ye-2-naphthol.
Okwesibili, isicelo embonini kadayi ne-pigment
Udayi kanye ne-pigment intermediate yizindawo ezinkulu ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-2-naphthol e-China. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwama-dyes intermediates bekulokhu kudluliswa emhlabeni jikelele. Isibonelo, 2, 3 acids, J acid, γ acid, R acid kanye ne-chromophenol AS konke ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okubalulekile okumaphakathi e-China, okubalela ngaphezu kwesigamu sengqikithi yomkhiqizo wasekhaya.
Ngokungeziwe ekuhlanganisweni kokudayi kanye ne-pigment intermediates, i-2-naphthol ingasetshenziswa njengengxenye ye-azo, kanye nezinhlanganisela ze-diazo ukukhiqiza udayi 1,2, 3 acid.
2, 3 i-acidification igama lesayensi: 2-hydroxy-3-naphthic acid, indlela yayo yokuhlanganisa ithi [1] : 2-naphthol kanye ne-sodium hydroxide reaction, decompressed dehydration, thola i-2-naphthol sodium, bese usabela nge-CO2 ukuze uthole i-2- i-naphthol kanye ne-2, 3 kasawoti we-sodium, susa i-2-naphthol, i-acidification, thola i-2, i-3 acid.
Njengamanje, izindlela eziyinhloko zokuhlanganisa indlela yesigaba esiqinile nendlela yokuncibilikisa, futhi indlela yokuncibilikisa iwumkhuba ojwayelekile wokuthuthuka.
Imibala yechibi enama-asidi angu-2,3 njengezingxenye zokuhlanganisa ahlanganiswa ngokwenza kuqala izingxenye ze-diazo zibe usawoti we-diazo, kuhlanganiswe nama-acids angu-2,3, bese kusetshenziswa i-alkali metal kanye nosawoti wensimbi yomhlaba we-alkali kungaguqulwa kube odayi bechibi abangancibiliki.
Ichromatogram eyinhloko ye-2,3 acid lake pigments ukukhanya okubomvu.
Isibonelo: I-CI Pigment Red 57:1, CI Pigment Red 48:1, njll.
2, 3 acids asetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlanganiseni uchungechunge lwe-chromophenol lodayi abadaywe yiqhwa. Ku-Dye Index ka-1992, ama-chromophenols angama-28 ahlanganiswa ngama-asidi angu-2, 3.
Umbala we-phenol AS uchungechunge lwezingxenye zokuhlanganisa ze-azo pigment, izindlela zokwenziwa zalolu hlobo lukapende lwenziwa engxenyeni ye-diazo ye-diazonium usawoti kuqala, nombala we-phenol coupling AS uchungechunge lokuphuma kokuphuma, njenge-AS izingxenye ze-diazo ziqukethe indandatho ye-alkyl enamakha kuphela, i-halogen, i-nitrocellulose, amaqembu e-alkoxy, afana NJENGOBA umbala ojwayelekile ovela ekuphenduleni kwe-phenol AS uchungechunge lwedayi ye-azo yezingxenye ezihlanganisiwe,
Isibonelo, indandatho enephunga elimnandi yezingxenye ze-diazo iqukethe namaqembu e-sulfonic acid, kanye nokuphuma kokuphuma kochungechunge lwe-chromophenol AS, bese usawoti we-alkali nezinsimbi zomhlaba we-alkali ungaguqulwa ube odayi bechibi abangancibiliki.
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