Imboni yamakhemikhali amahle iyimboni ebanzi futhi egxile kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe. Iyinsimu ekhulayo embonini yamakhemikhali, futhi ingenye yezinsimu ezikhulayo ezinamandla kakhulu embonini yamakhemikhali namuhla. Iyingxenye ebalulekile yezinto ezintsha. Imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali amahle inezinhlobo eziningi, inani eliphezulu elengeziwe, ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kanye nobudlelwano obukhulu bezimboni, okukhonza ngqo izimboni eziningi zomnotho wezwe kanye nezinsimu ezahlukahlukene zezimboni zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.

一.精细化工行业概况

(1) Ukuhlukaniswa kwemboni

Imboni yamakhemikhali amahle ivame ukuhlukaniswa ibe yimboni yamakhemikhali amahle yendabuko kanye nemboni yamakhemikhali amasha amahle ngokwemikhakha ehlukene yokusetshenziswa. Phakathi kwayo, imikhiqizo emele yamakhemikhali amahle yendabuko yizibulala-zinambuzane, udayi kanye nopende, njll., ezivuthiwe ekuthuthukisweni. Amakhemikhali amasha amahle afaka kakhulu izithasiselo zokudla, izinamathiseli, ama-gas agents, ama-surfactants, izithasiselo ze-petrochemical, amakhemikhali ebhayoloji, amakhemikhali kagesi njalo njalo. Imininingwane imi kanje:

(2) Izici zomkhiqizo

Amakhemikhali amahle afika ngezinhlobo eziningi, okuhlanganisa amakhemikhali angaphili, amakhemikhali e-organic, ama-polymer, kanye namakhemikhali awo. Izici ezivamile zobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza yilezi:

(3) Izinqubomgomo ezihlobene nemboni

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umbuso ukhiphe izinqubomgomo zokusekela imboni yamakhemikhali amahle nokukhuthaza intuthuko eluhlaza, equkethe ikhabhoni ephansi kanye neyindilinga. NgoMashi 2021, Uhlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu lwe-14 lwamukelwa yiSeshini Yesine ye-13th National People's Congress, ephakamisa ukuqinisa ubuchwepheshe be-biotechnology, izinto ezintsha, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo eluhlaza kanye nezinye izimboni, ukukhuthaza intuthuko yamaqoqo okukhiqiza athuthukile, ukusheshisa intuthuko eluhlaza, equkethe ikhabhoni ephansi kanye neyindilinga, kanye nokuthuthukisa ngokuphelele ukusebenza kahle kwezinsizakusebenza. Izinqubomgomo ezingenhla zikhuthaza ngempumelelo intuthuko enempilo nesheshayo yemboni yamakhemikhali amahle kanye nomnotho oyindilinga. Izinqubomgomo ezithile kanye nokuqukethwe yilezi ezilandelayo:

二.Isimo semakethe

(1) Usayizi wemakethe

IShayina ibheka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yamakhemikhali amahle, okuye kwaba ngenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamakhemikhali njengamanje. Ngokwezibalo zeNational Bureau of Statistics, inani eliphelele lomkhiqizo wezimboni wemboni yamakhemikhali amahle likhuphuke lisuka kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,267.421 ngo-2008 laya kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-4,3990.50 ngo-2017, ngesilinganiso sokukhula kwe-compound yonyaka esingu-14.83%. Ngokusho kolwazi lomphakathi, inani eliphelele lomkhiqizo wemboni yamakhemikhali amahle yaseShayina ngo-2021 lidlule ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-5.5, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi lidlule ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-11 ngo-2027. Izinga lemboni yamakhemikhali amahle e-United States, i-European Union kanye neJapan liseduze noma lingaphezu kwama-60%, kanti iShayina ihlela ukukhulisa izinga liye kuma-55% ngo-2025.

(2) Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlukaniswa kwemakethe

1. Usayizi wemakethe yezimboni

Kusukela ekuguqulweni nasekuvulekeni, okuqhutshwa yinqubomgomo kazwelonke kanye nentuthuko yezolimo, imboni yethu yezibulala-zinambuzane yezwe ithuthuke kakhulu. Kanye nokuvuthwa kancane kancane kwesistimu yemboni yamakhemikhali yasekhaya kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwesistimu yokusetshenziswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe bezolimo, imboni yethu yezibulala-zinambuzane isungule izinga elikhulu. Njengamanje, imboni yezibulala-zinambuzane yaseShayina isungule uhlelo lwezimboni oluphelele oluhlanganisa ucwaningo lwesayensi nentuthuko, izinto zokusetshenziswa, izinto eziphakathi, ukukhiqizwa kwemithi esebenzayo kanye nokucubungula ukulungiselela. Kunezinkampani zokukhiqiza izibulala-zinambuzane ezingaphezu kuka-2,000, kufaka phakathi amabhizinisi emithi esebenzayo angaphezu kuka-500 kanye namabhizinisi okulungiselela angaphezu kuka-1,500, angakhiqiza izinhlobo zemithi ezisebenzayo ezingaphezu kuka-700 kanye nezinhlobo zokulungiselela ezingaphezu kuka-40,000. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezolimo zasekhaya, kodwa futhi emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe ithatha isikhundla esibalulekile. I-China Commercial Industry Research Institute ibikezela ukuthi imali engenayo yokuthengisa yemboni yezibulala-zinambuzane yamakhemikhali yaseShayina izofinyelela kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-262.33 ngo-2023.