Imboni yamakhemikhali emihle iyimboni ebanzi futhi edinga ubuchwepheshe. Iwumkhakha osafufusa embonini yamakhemikhali, futhi ingesinye sezinkambu ezisafufusa ezinamandla kakhulu embonini yamakhemikhali namuhla. Kuyingxenye ebalulekile yezinto ezintsha. Imikhiqizo emihle yamakhemikhali inezinhlobo eziningi, inani eliphakeme elingeziwe, ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kanye nokuhlobana okukhulu kwezimboni, okusebenzela ngokuqondile izimboni eziningi zomnotho kazwelonke kanye nemikhakha ehlukahlukene yezimboni zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.

一.精细化工行业概况

(1) Ukuhlukaniswa kwemboni

Imboni yamakhemikhali emihle imvamisa ihlukaniswe yaba yimboni yamakhemikhali endabuko kanye nemboni entsha yamakhemikhali emihle ngokuya ngezinkambu ezihlukene zohlelo lokusebenza. Phakathi kwabo, imikhiqizo emele amakhemikhali angokwesiko ahlanzekile yizibulala-zinambuzane, amadayi kanye nezingubo zokugqoka, njll, ezivuthiwe ekuthuthukisweni. Amakhemikhali amasha ahlanzekile ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa izithasiselo zokudla, izinto ezinamathelayo, izinto ezisebenza ngegesi, izithasiselo, izithasiselo ze-petrochemical, amakhemikhali ebhayoloji, amakhemikhali kagesi nokunye. Imininingwane imi kanje:

(2)Izici zomkhiqizo

Amakhemikhali amahle afika ngezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, okuhlanganisa izinhlanganisela ze-inorganic, i-organic compounds, ama-polymers, nezinhlanganisela zawo. Izici ezijwayelekile zobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza yilezi:

(3) Izinqubomgomo eziphathelene nezimboni

Eminyakeni yakamuva, umbuso ukhiphe izinqubomgomo zokweseka imboni yamakhemikhali amahle futhi ikhuthaze intuthuko eluhlaza, enekhabhoni ephansi kanye nendilinga. NgoMashi 2021, uHlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-14 Lweminyaka Emihlanu lwamukelwa iseshini Yesine yeNgqungquthela Kazwelonke Yabantu Ye-13, ehlongoza ukuqinisa i-biotechnology, izinto ezintsha, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo okuluhlaza kanye nezinye izimboni, ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamaqoqo okukhiqiza athuthukile, ukusheshisa uhlaza, ukuthuthukiswa kwekhabhoni ephansi kanye nendilinga, kanye nokwenza ngcono ngokujulile ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza. Lezi zinqubomgomo ezingenhla zikhuthaza ngempumelelo ukuthuthukiswa okunempilo nokusheshayo kwemboni yamakhemikhali emihle kanye nomnotho oyindilinga. Izinqubomgomo ezithile kanye nokuqukethwe imi kanje:

二.Isimo semakethe

(1) Usayizi wemakethe

I-China ibheka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yamakhemikhali emihle, eseyingenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile zentuthuko yemboni yamakhemikhali njengamanje. Ngokwezibalo zeNational Bureau of Statistics, inani eliphelele lokuphuma kwezimboni lemboni yamakhemikhali emihle lenyuke lisuka kumayuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,267.421 ngo-2008 laya kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-4,3990.50 ngo-2017, ngesilinganiso sokukhula esiyinhlanganisela yonyaka esingu-14.83%. Ngokolwazi lomphakathi, inani eliphelele lomkhiqizo wemboni yamakhemikhali emihle yaseShayina ngo-2021 lidlule ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5.5, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi lidlule ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizigidi ezingu-11 ngo-2027. Izinga lemboni yamakhemikhali emihle e-United States, i-European Union ne-Japan liseduze. ukuya noma ngaphezulu kwama-60%, kanti i-China ihlela ukukhuphula izinga liye kuma-55% ngo-2025.

(2) Ukuhlaziya ukuhlukaniswa kwemakethe

1. Usayizi wemakethe yezimboni

Kusukela kwaba nezinguquko kanye nokuvuleka, okuqhutshwa yinqubomgomo kazwelonke kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo, imboni yezwe lethu yezibulala-zinambuzane ibe nenqubekelaphambili enkulu. Kanye nokuvuthwa kancane kancane kohlelo lwemboni yamakhemikhali yasekhaya kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo kohlelo lokusebenzisa isayensi yezolimo nobuchwepheshe, imboni yethu yezibulala-zinambuzane iye yakha izinga elikhulu. Njengamanje, imboni yezibulala-zinambuzane yaseShayina isisungule uhlelo lwezimboni oluphelele ngokuqhathaniswa oluhlanganisa ucwaningo lwesayensi nokuthuthukiswa, izinto zokusetshenziswa, izinto ezimaphakathi, ukukhiqizwa kwezidakamizwa okusebenzayo kanye nokucubungula ukulungiswa. Kunamabhizinisi angaphezu kuka-2,000 akhiqiza izibulala-zinambuzane, okuhlanganisa amabhizinisi ezidakamizwa asebenzayo angaphezu kuka-500 kanye namabhizinisi okulungisa angaphezu kuka-1,500, angakhiqiza izinhlobo zemithi esebenzayo ezingaphezu kuka-700 kanye nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-40,000 zokulungisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezolimo ezifuywayo, kodwa futhi ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe unesikhundla esibalulekile. I-China Commercial Industry Research Institute ibikezela ukuthi imali yokuthengisa embonini yezibulala-zinambuzane yaseChina izofinyelela kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-262.33 ngo-2023.