Izingxenye zemakethe ezihlukene zinezidingo ezihlukene zekhwalithi nezindleko ze-ammonia.

Kusukela ngo-2022, ukuhlelwa kwephrojekthi ye-ammonia eluhlaza yasekhaya sekwakhiwe, uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi isikhathi sokwakhiwa kwephrojekthi ngokuvamile siyiminyaka emi-2 kuya kwemi-3, iphrojekthi yasekhaya ye-ammonia eluhlaza isizoqala ukukhiqiza endaweni eyodwa. Imboni ibikezela ukuthi ngo-2024, i-ammonia eluhlaza yasekhaya noma izofinyelela inqwaba yokungena emakethe, futhi umthamo wokuhlinzeka uzosondela kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-1 ngonyaka ngo-2025. Ngokombono wesidingo semakethe se-synthetic ammonia, izingxenye zemakethe ezahlukene zinezimo ezahlukene. izidingo zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nentengo ye-ammonia yokwenziwa, futhi kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqalwe ezicini zezitayela zesixhumanisi ngasinye semakethe ukuhlola ithuba lemakethe le-ammonia eluhlaza.

Ngokusekelwe phezu kwephethini eliphelele lokuhlinzekwa nesidingo se-ammonia yokwenziwa e-China, isidingo sekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wengxenye ngayinye yemakethe kanye nezindleko ze-ammonia, ucwaningo lwe-NENG Jing luvele lwahlaziya inzuzo nendawo yemakethe ye-ammonia eluhlaza ohlangothini ngalunye lwemakethe ukuze kubhekwe imboni.

01 Imakethe ye-ammonia eluhlaza inezikhombisi-ndlela ezintathu eziyinhloko

Kulesi sigaba, ukuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo semakethe ye-ammonia yokwenziwa yasekhaya kuyalingana, futhi kunengcindezi ethile yomthamo oweqile.

Ohlangothini lwesidingo, ukusetshenziswa okubonakalayo kuyaqhubeka nokukhula. Ngokusho kweNational Bureau of Statistics kanye nedatha yamasiko, imakethe yokwenziwa ye-ammonia ibuswa ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya, futhi ukusetshenziswa okusobala kwe-ammonia yokwenziwa yasekhaya kuzokhuphuka cishe ngo-1% ngonyaka kusukela ngo-2020 kuya ku-2022, kufinyelele amathani angaba yizigidi ezingu-53.2 ngo-2022. Ngo-2025, ngokunwetshwa kokukhiqizwa kwe-caprolactam namanye amadivaysi angaphansi komfula, kulindeleke ukuthi kusekele ukukhula kokusetshenziswa kwe-ammonia yokwenziwa, futhi ukusetshenziswa okubonakalayo kuzofinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingama-60.

Ohlangothini lokuhlinzeka, umthamo ophelele wokukhiqiza we-synthetic ammonia usesigabeni "sokwehla". Ngokwemininingwane ye-Nitrogen Fertilizer Industry Association, selokhu kwavulwa amandla okukhiqiza asemuva e-synthetic ammonia e-China ngesikhathi “soHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu”, ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo kwamandla okukhiqiza sekuqediwe ngo-2022, nokukhiqizwa. Umthamo we-synthetic ammonia ushintshile usuka ekwehleni waya ekwenyukeni okokuqala ngqa, ululama usuka kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-64.88 ngonyaka ngo-2021 waya kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-67.6 ngonyaka, kanye namandla angaphezu kwezigidi ezi-4 ngonyaka (ngaphandle kwe-ammonia eluhlaza) kuhlelwe ukuhla. Ngo-2025, umthamo wokukhiqiza noma amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-70/ngonyaka, ingozi yomthamo omkhulu iphezulu.

Ezolimo, imboni yamakhemikhali namandla kuzoba izikhombisi-ndlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zemakethe ye-synthetic ammonia ne-ammonia eluhlaza. Izinkambu zezolimo nezamakhemikhali zakha imakethe yamasheya ye-synthetic ammonia. Ngokusho kwedatha yeZhuochuang Information, ngo-2022, ukusetshenziswa kwe-ammonia yokwenziwa emkhakheni wezolimo kuzothatha cishe u-69% wokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwe-ammonia yokwenziwa e-China, ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa kwe-urea, umanyolo we-phosphate kanye neminye imiquba; Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ammonia yokwenziwa embonini yamakhemikhali kubala cishe ama-31%, asetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali efana ne-nitric acid, i-caprolactam ne-acrylonitrile. Umkhakha wezamandla uyimakethe ekhulayo yesikhathi esizayo ye-synthetic ammonia. Ngokwezibalo kanye nokubalwa kocwaningo lwamandla, kulesi sigaba, ukusetshenziswa kwe-ammonia yokwenziwa emkhakheni wamandla kusengaphansi kuka-0.1% wengqikithi yokusetshenziswa kwe-ammonia yokwenziwa, futhi ngo-2050, ingxenye yokwenziwa kokusetshenziswa kwe-ammonia emandleni. inkambu kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ngaphezu kwama-25%, futhi izimo zokufaka izicelo ezingase zibe khona zihlanganisa ikakhulukazi abathwali be-hydrogen yokugcina, amafutha ezokuthutha, kanye nokushiswa kwe-ammonia-doped ezitshalweni zamandla ashisayo.

02 Isidingo sezolimo - Ukulawulwa kwezindleko ezingezansi komfula kunamandla, umkhawulo wenzuzo ye-ammonia eluhlaza incane kancane, isidingo se-ammonia emkhakheni wezolimo sizinzile uma kuqhathaniswa. Isimo sokusetshenziswa kwe-ammonia emkhakheni wezolimo ikakhulukazi sihlanganisa ukukhiqizwa komanyolo we-urea ne-ammonium phosphate. Phakathi kwazo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-urea kuyisimo esikhulu kunazo zonke sokusetshenziswa kwe-ammonia emkhakheni wezolimo, futhi amathani angu-0.57-0.62 e-ammonia asetshenziswa ku-1 ton ye-urea ekhiqizwayo. Ngokusho kweNational Bureau of Statistics, kusukela ngo-2018 kuya ku-2022, ukukhiqizwa kwe-urea yasekhaya kuye kwashintshashintsha cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-50 ngonyaka, futhi isidingo esihambisanayo se-synthetic ammonia sasicishe sibe ngamathani ayizigidi ezingama-30 ngonyaka. Isamba se-ammonia esisetshenziswa umanyolo we-ammonium phosphate singamathani ayizigidi ezi-5 ngonyaka, nawo azinzile.

Ukukhiqizwa komanyolo we-nitrogen ensimini yezolimo kunezidingo ezikhululekile zokuhlanzeka kanye nekhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-ammonia. Ngokwezinga likazwelonke le-GB536-88, i-ammonia ye-liquid inemikhiqizo emihle kakhulu, imikhiqizo yezinga lokuqala, imikhiqizo efanelekayo amabanga amathathu, okuqukethwe kwe-ammonia kufinyelele ku-99.9%, 99.8%, 99.6% noma ngaphezulu. Umanyolo we-nitrogen, ofana ne-urea, unezidingo ezibanzi zekhwalithi nokuhlanzeka kwemikhiqizo, futhi abakhiqizi ngokuvamile badinga izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-ammonia eziwuketshezi ukuze bafinyelele izinga lemikhiqizo efanelekayo. Izindleko eziphelele ze-ammonia kwezolimo ziphansi kakhulu. Ngokombono wokuhlinzekwa kwe-ammonia kanye nezindleko ze-ammonia, i-urea yasekhaya kanye nokukhiqizwa komanyolo we-ammonium phosphate kunesitshalo esakhiwe ngokwaso se-ammonia, izindleko ze-ammonia zincike enanini lemakethe lamalahle, igesi yemvelo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwesitshalo se-ammonia. , izindleko ze-ammonia ngokuvamile ziyi-1500 ~ 3000 yuan/ton. Sekukonke, intengo eyamukelekayo yezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-ammonia emkhakheni wezolimo ingaphansi kwamayuan angu-4000/ton. Ngokwedatha yomkhiqizo omningi womphakathi wamabhizinisi, kusukela ngo-2018 kuya ku-2022, i-urea icishe ibe ngu-2,600 yuan/ton ngentengo ephakeme kakhulu, futhi icishe ibe ngu-1,700 yuan/ton ngentengo ephansi. Ucwaningo lwamandla oluhlanganiswe nezigaba ezahlukahlukene zezindleko zempahla eluhlaza, izindleko zenqubo nezinye izici, uma kungekho ukulahleka, i-urea ngamanani aphezulu naphansi ahambisana nezindleko ze-ammonia ezingaba ngu-3900 yuan/ton kuya ku-2200 yuan/ton, ngezindleko ze-ammonia eluhlaza. umugqa nangaphansi kwezinga.