01 Isimo esijwayelekile

I-MDI (i-diphenylmethane diisocyanic acid) iyimpahla ye-polyurethane ehlanganiswe yi-isocyanate, i-polyol kanye ne-ejenti yayo eyisiza, esetshenziswa ezintweni zasendlini, izakhiwo, ezokuthutha nezinye izigcawu.

I-MDI ithathwa njengomunye wemikhiqizo eyinqwaba enezithiyo ezibanzi kakhulu embonini yamakhemikhali. Inqubo yokuhlanganisa ye-isocyanate yinde, okuhlanganisa ukusabela kwe-nitrate, ukusabela kokunciphisa nokusabela kwe-asidi.

Kunezinqubo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza ze-MDI: i-phosgenation kanye ne-non-phosgenation. Inqubo ye-Phosgene iwubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bokukhiqizwa kwezimboni zama-isocyanate njengamanje, futhi futhi iyona ndlela kuphela engafinyelela ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwama-isocyanate. Kodwa-ke, i-phosgene inobuthi obukhulu, futhi ukusabela kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kwezimo eziqinile ze-asidi, ezidinga imishini ephezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe.

02 uhlobo

I-MDI ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu: i-polymer MDI, i-MDI ehlanzekile kanye ne-MDI eguquliwe:

I-Polymerized MDI iyimpahla eluhlaza yokukhiqiza igwebu eliqinile le-polyurethane kanye negwebu eliqinile, futhi imikhiqizo yayo eqediwe isetshenziswa kabanzi esiqandisini, izinto zokufaka ezishisayo, izingxenye zokunquma izimoto nezinye izimboni.

I-MDI ehlanzekile isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-polyurethane elastomers, esetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ama-thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers, i-spandex, i-PU lesikhumba esiludaka, izinamatheliso zezicathulo, futhi ibuye isetshenziswe ezintweni zokwakha ezincane ze-elastomer, njengamatheni, amathayi aqinile, ngokwakho. -igwebu elicwebezelayo, obhampa bemoto, izingxenye zokunquma ingaphakathi, kanye nokwakhiwa kwama- elastomers enziwe nge-polyurethane.

Njengokususelwe kumikhiqizo yochungechunge lwe-MDI, i-MDI eguquliwe iyisandiso sobuchwepheshe se-MDI emsulwa kanye nemikhiqizo ye-MDI eyenziwe nge-polymerized evame ukusetshenziswa emakethe njengamanje, futhi inganikeza ukusetshenziswa okuyingqayizivele nokucubungula izakhiwo ngokuya ngomehluko ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo somkhiqizo kanye nenqubo yokuhlanganisa, njengoba kufanele isetshenziswe kabanzi kumabhamuza athambile, ama-elastomers, ama-coatings, ama-adhesives neminye imikhakha.

03 Enhla nomfula ongezansi kochungechunge lwezimboni

Enhla nomfula ukuze uthole uwoyela, igesi yemvelo, insimbi kanye nezinye izinsiza;

Ukufinyelela okuphakathi kungamakhemikhali aphakathi kwezinto ezingavuthiwe nemikhiqizo yokugcina engezansi, emele i-WH Chemical, i-WX petrochemical, njll.

Umfula ongezansi yimikhiqizo yokugcina yamakhemikhali, njengamapulasitiki, irabha, izibulala-zinambuzane, umanyolo, njll., emele inkampani i-JF Technology, amathayi e-LL, amakhemikhali e-RL, i-HR Hengsheng, njll.

04 Ukuhlaziywa kwezidingo kanye nokwehluka kwezimakethe

I-polyurethane ekhiqizwe yi-MDI inezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo eziwela phansi, ikakhulukazi ezisetshenziswa embonini yezokwakha, imboni yasekhaya, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, imboni yezokuthutha, imboni yezicathulo, njll. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-MDI kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nezinga lokuchuma komnotho emhlabeni jikelele.

Ngokombono wembulunga yonke, ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwesakhiwo se-MDI eyenziwe nge-polymerized ngo-2021 ikakhulukazi: 49% embonini yezokwakha, 21% yezinto zikagesi zasendlini, 17% izinto zokunamathisela, kanye no-11% ezimotweni.

Ngokombono wasekhaya, ingxenye yesakhiwo sokusetshenziswa kwe-MDI eyenziwe nge-polymerized ngo-2021 ikakhulukazi: 40% wezimpahla ezimhlophe, 28% embonini yezokwakha, 16% yezinto zokunamathisela, kanye no-7% wezimoto.

05 Iphethini yokuncintisana

Uhlangothi lokuhlinzekwa kwe-MDI luveza iphethini yokuncintisana ye-oligopoly. Kukhona abakhiqizi be-MDI abakhulu abayisishiyagalombili emhlabeni, futhi abakhiqizi abathathu abaphezulu ngomthamo yi-WH Chemical, BASF kanye ne-Covestro, amandla ahlanganisiwe amabhizinisi amathathu ahlanganisa ngaphezu kwama-60% omthamo womhlaba wonke wokukhiqiza. Phakathi kwazo, i-WH Chemical iyibhizinisi elihamba phambili embonini ye-MDI yaseChina kanye nebhizinisi elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni lokukhiqiza i-MDI.