I-MIT-Ivy Industry iyibhizinisi eliphakathi lemithi namakhemikhali elihlanganisa ukukhiqiza, ukuthengisa kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi.Ngemishini yokukhiqiza ethuthukisiwe nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, sigcina ubudlelwano obuhle bokubambisana nezikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi namanyuvesi amakhulu naphakathi. Ikakhulukazi sibambe iqhaza ekukhiqizeni nasekudayiseni uchungechunge lwemithi ephakathi kwemithi, ikakhulukazi ekwelapheni i-anti-AIDS, izidakamizwa zenhliziyo kanye ne-cerebrovascular, kanye nokusekela abaphakathi kwezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala. Imikhiqizo ye-sodium azide, i-triphenyl chloromethane, i-L- i-valine methyl ester hydrochloride ithengiswa ekhaya naphesheya.1. Ukwethulwa kweziphakathi kwezemithiImithi ephakathi kwemithi ibhekisela emikhiqizweni emaphakathi efana nezinto ezingavuthiwe, izinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nezinto ezisizayo ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yezemithi.Eqinisweni, zingamakhemikhali athile asetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni kokusetshenziswa kwemithi noma imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali ekuhlanganiseni kwezidakamizwa.IsithombeAbakhiqizi bemithi yobunikazi. kanye nezidakamizwa ezisebenzayo zidinga ukwamukela isitifiketi se-GMP. Imithi ephakathi kwemithi, nakuba isetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwezidakamizwa, empeleni iwukuhlanganisa kuphela kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali. Ziyimikhiqizo eyisisekelo nephansi kakhulu ochungechungeni lokukhiqiza izidakamizwa futhi azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi izidakamizwa, ngakho-ke isitifiketi se-GMP asidingeki.Imithi ephakathi kwemithi ingakhiqizwa ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali ezijwayelekile futhi ingasetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni kwemikhiqizo yezokwelapha emazingeni athile. futhi kunciphisa umkhawulo wokungena embonini kubakhiqizi abaphakathi.Isithombe2. Izinga lemboni ephakathi kwemithi Ngokulungiswa kwesakhiwo sezimboni, ukudluliswa kokukhiqizwa kwamanye amazwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwesigaba samazwe ngamazwe sabasebenzi bezinkampani ezinkulu ezithaka imithi zamazwe ngamazwe, iShayina isibe isizinda sokukhiqiza esibalulekile esimaphakathi emkhakheni womhlaba wonke wemisebenzi yemboni yemithi.Ngokocwaningo Locwaningo Umbiko Wokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yezimboni Zemithi YaseShayina (2016), kusukela ngo-2011 kuya ku-2015, imboni yaseShayina ephakathi kwezemithi kanye nenani layo eliphelele lomkhiqizo likhuphuka unyaka nonyaka, ngezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka elingaba ngu-13.5%. Abaphakathi kwezemithi eShayina bafinyelele kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-422.56 ngo-2015, ukwanda ngo-9.88% ngonyaka. yuan ngo-2020. Isithombe3. Izici zezimboni zabaphakathi kwezemithiImboni inesidingo esiphuthumayo sokwenziwa ngcono kanye nokuthuthukiswa: Izinga lobuchwepheshe belonke laseShayina lisephansi uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi kukhona amabhizinisi ambalwa akhiqiza inani elikhulu labaphakathi kwezemithi abasezingeni eliphezulu nabaphakathi abasekelayo bemithi emisha enelungelo lobunikazi, esathuthukiswayo. isigaba sokuthuthukisa nokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo somkhiqizo.Amanye amabhizinisi kuphela anamandla okucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa okuqinile, izindawo zokukhiqiza ezithuthukile kanye nolwazi olukhulu lokukhiqiza angathola inzuzo ephezulu emqhudelwaneni.Izinga lebhizinisi elizinzile: Abakhiqizi abakhulu ngokuyisisekelo bathatha ukukhiqizwa okwenziwe ngokwezifiso njengokuyinhloko yabo. imodeli yebhizinisi. Ngaphansi kwemodeli yokukhiqiza eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, ubudlelwano bokubambisana phakathi kwamakhasimende amakhulu nabahlinzeki buyazinza, futhi lapho ukubambisana kuseduze, izinga lokwethembana likhuphuka, futhi izigaba zokubambisana ezinikezwa amakhasimende amakhulu zizoba.Kuthatha isikhathi eside ukushintsha abahlinzeki. Ngakho-ke, njengebhizinisi elinamathela ngokuqinile, amabhizinisi emboni ephakathi kwemithi agxile kakhulu emabhizinisini emithi angaphandle aziwayo kulesi sigaba samanje. Lapho inkampani isingene ohlelweni oluwumgogodla lwabahlinzeki bemithi, kokubili isikali sokukhiqiza kanye nesamba senzuzo yenzuzo yagcina isezingeni eliphezulu. isimo esizinzile.Ukuthekelisa okusezingeni eliphansi ikakhulukazi: izifunda ezinkulu zokuthekelisa zabaxhumanisi bemithi eShayina yi-EU, eNyakatho Melika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, njll.Ukuthunyelwa kwezwe lethu kwamanye amazwe kugxile ku-vitamin C, i-penicillin, i-acetaminophen, i-citric acid. kanye nosawoti kanye nama-esters ayo, njengempahla, izici zemikhiqizo ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo, amabhizinisi okukhiqiza, ukuncintisana kwemakethe kukhulu, intengo yomkhiqizo kanye nenani elingeziwe liphansi, ukukhiqizwa kwawo ngobuningi kubangele isimo semakethe yasekhaya yemithi intermediates oversupply. Imikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu isathengwa kakhulu kwamanye amazwe.Amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo: amabhizinisi okukhiqiza iningi lawo amabhizinisi azimele, ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo, isikali sokutshala imali asisikhulu, ngokuyisisekelo siphakathi kwezigidi kuya kwezigidi eziyishumi noma ezingamashumi amabili zamayuan.Ukugxila kwesifunda: ukusatshalaliswa kwesifunda amabhizinisi okukhiqiza agxile kakhulu, azungeze amafekthri amaningi amakhulu emithi, asakazwa ikakhulukazi eTaizhou, eZhejiang naseJintan, eJiangsu njengenkaba yesifunda.Zhejiang Huangyan, Taizhou, Nanjing Jintan, Shijiazhuang, Jinan (kuhlanganise noZibo), enyakatho-mpumalanga (Siping, Fushun ) nezinye izindawo ezinezimo ezivumayo zokuthuthukiswa kwabaphakathi kwezemithi zithuthuke ngokushesha okukhulu.Ukubuyekezwa komkhiqizo osheshayo: umkhiqizo uvamise ukuba semakethe eminyakeni emi-3 kuya kwemi-5 kamuva, izinga lenzuzo yawo lizokwehla kakhulu, okuphoqa amabhizinisi ukuthi athuthuke njalo imikhiqizo emisha. noma uthuthukise njalo inqubo yokukhiqiza, ukuze kugcinwe inzuzo ephezulu yokukhiqiza.Ukuncintisana okukhulu: ngoba inzuzo yokukhiqiza yemithi ephakathi kwemithi iphakeme kunaleyo yemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, futhi inqubo yokukhiqiza kokubili ngokuyisisekelo iyafana, iyanda futhi incane kakhulu. amabhizinisi amakhemikhali ajoyina ukukhiqizwa kwabaxhumanisi bemithi, okuholela ekuqhudelwaneni okushubile okungahlelekile embonini.4. Izinhlobo zezinqamuleli zemithiKunezinhlobo eziningi zezinqamuleli zemithi, okuhlanganisa i-cephalosporin intermediates, uchungechunge lwe-amino acid evikelayo, i-vitamin intermediates, i-quinolone intermediates, nezinye izinhlobo zabaphakathi, ezifana nezibulala-magciwane zezokwelapha, i-antiepileptic drug intermediates, i-fluoropyridine intermediate, i-pharmaceutical intermediate njll. .Ngokwemikhakha yesicelo sabo, zingahlukaniswa zibe izinqamuleli zemithi elwa namagciwane, i-antipyretic ne-analgesic drug intermediate, i-cardiovascular system drug intermediate, i-anti-cancer drug intermediate nokunye.Okwamanje, kunamakhulu emikhiqizo ephakathi kwemithi, futhi njalo. ukusungula, ukwakha izimboni eziningi zamangqamuzana amahle embonini yemithi ephakathi kwemithi.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemithi ethile ephakathi kwemithi.Efana nemidazole, i-furan, i-phenolic intermediates, i-aromatics intermediates, i-pyrrole, i-pyridine, ama-biochemical reagents, isulfure, i-nitrogen, i-haterologen compounds, i-heterocyclic compounds, , i-microcrystalline cellulose, isitashi, i-mannitol, i-lactose, i-dextrin, i-ethylene glycol, ushukela oyimpuphu, usawoti we-inorganic, i-ethanol intermediates, i-stearic acid, i-amino acid ne-ethanol amine usawoti, i-sylvite, usawoti we-sodium nokunye okuphakathi nokunye.Isithombe5. I-Patent CliffKusukela ngo-2000, imakethe yomhlaba wonke yamajenerikhi iqhubekile nokukhula ngokushesha kunemakethe yemithi iyonke, ikhula ngokushesha okuphindwe kabili kunemithi egunyaziwe. imakethe yezidakamizwa kusukela ngo-2005 kuya ku-2013 kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-14.7%.Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yamajenerikhi kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngo-10% iye ku-14% eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo, ngokushesha kakhulu kunokukhula okulindelekile ngo-4% kuya ku-6% kuyo yonke imboni yezokwelapha. Kungathathwa ngokuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yemithi ejwayelekile kuzothuthukisa ngokusobala ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ephakathi yemithi. Kusukela ngo-2010 kuya ku-2020, imakethe yemithi yomhlaba wonke izoletha igagasi eliphezulu lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwelungelo lobunikazi, phakathi kwalo, kusukela ngo-2013 kuya ku-2020, Izinhlobo zomhlaba wonke zokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwePatent zizoba nesilinganiso esingaphezu kwama-200 ngonyaka, eyaziwa ngokuthi “i-Patent Cliff” emhlabeni.Ngo-2014, kuzoba nenani eliphakeme lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwesidakamizwa selungelo lobunikazi, lapho kuzoba nenani eliphakeme ngo-2014, isamba semithi yobunikazi engama-326 ephelelwa yisikhathi. U-2010 kanye no-2017 iminyaka emibili ephezulu kakhulu, izidakamizwa ezinelungelo lobunikazi ezingama-205 nezingu-242 ziphelelwa yisikhathi ngokulandelana. Izidakamizwa eziphelelwe yisikhathi ikakhulukazi anti-infective, endocrine, uhlelo lwezinzwa kanye nezidakamizwa zenhliziyo, ezinosayizi wemakethe omkhulu.Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi okukhulu kwezidakamizwa zangaphandle ezinelungelo lobunikazi kuzoletha ama-catalyst amasha embonini yemithi ephakathi kwezokwelapha e-China.Ngoba ngemva kokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwelungelo lobunikazi izidakamizwa, ukukhiqizwa kwemithi ejwayelekile ehlobene kuzoqhuma, okuzoqhubeza ukukhula ngokushesha kwesidingo semithi ehlobene ephakathi kwemithi.Isithombe6. Ingcindezi yezemveloI-China isivele ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wama-API aphakathi nendawo, kanye nomnukubezi omkhulu. Abakhiqizi abaphakathi kwezemithi bangabomkhakha wamakhemikhali amahle, kuzoba nobungozi bokungcola obuhambisanayo. Ngokwezibalo zoMnyango Wezokuvikela Imvelo, inani eliphelele lomkhiqizo we imboni yemithi yasekhaya ingaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-3 we-GDP yezwe, kodwa inani eliphelele lokukhishwa kokungcola lifinyelela kumaphesenti angu-6. Phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezidakamizwa, i-API emelwe ikakhulukazi amavithamini kanye ne-penicillin iyingxenye yomkhakha wokungcola okuphezulu nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, Ngokuvumelana nokuthunyelwa okuhlangene koMnyango Wezokuvikela Imvelo, ngoFebhuwari 15, 2017, ithimba elikhethekile elihlola izinga lomoya ngekota yokuqala ka-2017 lamemezela ukuthi ukuqhutshwa kwengcindezi eShijiazhuang kwakungeyona. esikhundleni, futhi uhulumeni wezinga lesifunda wawusasekelwe ikakhulukazi kubasebenzi be-Environmental Protection Bureau ekufezeni uhlelo olunzima lwesimo sezulu sokungcola, kuyilapho eminye iminyango yayingahileleki ezingeni eliphezulu.Ukungcola kwamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo ukukhiqiza ama-intermediate emithi e-Shijiazhuang kuyinto engathi sína.Amabhizinisi emithi anobuchwepheshe obusemuva azothwala izindleko eziphezulu zokulawula ukungcola kanye nengcindezi yokulawula, futhi amabhizinisi endabuko emithi ikakhulukazi akhiqiza ukungcola okuphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu kanye nemikhiqizo enenani eliphansi (njenge-penicillin, amavithamini, njll. ) izobhekana nokuqedwa ngokushesha.Ukubambelela enqubweni emisha kanye nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bemithi eluhlaza sekuphenduke isiqondiso sesikhathi esizayo semboni ephakathi kwemithi.Isithombe
7. Abaholi bemboni
imboni ye-mit-ivy
I-Zhejiang NHU Company Ltd.Plo Co., Ltd
Lianhe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.Anhui Bayi Chemical Co. LtdZhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. LtdZhejiang Hisoar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.Jiangsu Jiujiu Technology Co., Ltd.Federal pharmaceutical (chengdu) co., LTDZhejiang Yongtai Technology Co., Ltd.Suzhou Tianma I-Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd.