Amadayi ayizinto eziphilayo ezinombala ongadaya imicu noma ezinye izinto zibe umbala othile. Asetshenziswa kakhulu ekunyatheliseni ukudaya imicu nezindwangu, ukudaya isikhumba, ukudaya iphepha, izithasiselo zokudla kanye namasimu okufaka imibala epulasitiki. Ngokwezakhiwo zawo kanye nezindlela zokusebenzisa, amadayi angahlukaniswa abe amadayi ahlakazekile, amadayi aphendulayo, amadayi e-sulfide, amadayi e-VAT, amadayi e-acid, amadayi aqondile kanye nezinye izigaba.
Imakethe enkulu emlandweni ihlobene kakhulu nentengo kadayi, futhi intengo kadayi ivame ukukhuphuka futhi yehle ngentengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nobudlelwano bokunikezwa nesidingo, inesizini enamandla yobuthakathaka obukhulu ngekhulu.

Imboni ekhuphukayo yemboni yokukhiqiza idayi yimboni ye-petrochemical, imboni yamakhemikhali ayisisekelo kanye nemboni yamakhemikhali amalahle. Izinto eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kwedayi yi-benzene, i-naphthalene, i-anthracene, ama-heterocycle kanye nemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali angaphili kanye ne-alkali. Imboni engezansi imboni yokunyathelisa nokudaya embonini yezindwangu.

Ama-intermediate edayi angahlukaniswa ngochungechunge lwe-benzene, uchungechunge lwe-naphthalene kanye nochungechunge lwe-anthracene ngokwesakhiwo sawo, phakathi kwawo kusetshenziswa kakhulu ama-intermediate echungechunge lwe-benzene. Phakathi kwama-intermediate edayi e-benzene, i-m-phenylenediamine kanye ne-reductants yizinto ezibalulekile zokwenziwa kwamadayi ahlakazekile, kanti i-para-ester iyi-intermediate ebalulekile yamadayi asabelayo. Phakathi kwawo, i-m-phenylenediamine ingaphinde ihlanganiswe ibe yi-m-phenylenediamine (esetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-binder yokufaka intambo yamasondo) kanye ne-m-aminophenol (idayi ezwela ukushisa/ukucindezela).

ama-intermediate). Ama-intermediate e-Naphthalene, kufaka phakathi ama-H acid, ayizinto eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kokukhiqiza amadayi asebenzayo, abiza u-30-50% wezindleko eziphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-intermediate okwenziwa kwamadayi e-anthraquinone ikakhulukazi yi-1-amino-anthraquinone, eyingxenye yohlelo lwe-anthraquinone.

Ukuhlaziywa kwamandla amahlanu kukaPorter embonini yodayi 1. Amandla okuxoxisana abahlinzeki abaphezulu abuthakathaka. Abahlinzeki abaphezulu embonini yodayi yi-benzene, i-naphthalene kanye nabanye abahlinzeki bezimpahla zikaphethiloli kanye ne-petrochemical. Isidingo semboni yodayi sempahla kaphethiloli kanye ne-petrochemical cishe asilutho uma siqhathaniswa nezinye izimboni. Ngakho-ke, imboni yodayi iyona ethola intengo yemikhiqizo kaphethiloli kanye ne-petrochemical engenhla.

2. Amandla amakhulu okuxoxisana kumakhasimende angaphansi komfula. Amakhasimende angaphansi komfula embonini yodayi ikakhulukazi amabhizinisi okunyathelisa nokudaya. Amandla amakhulu okuxoxisana emboni yodayi kumakhasimende angaphansi komfula kungenxa yezizathu ezimbili. Okokuqala, ukuhlushwa kwemboni yodayi kuphansi kakhulu. Okwesibili, izindleko zokunyathelisa nokudaya amadayi zincane kakhulu, amabhizinisi okunyathelisa nokudaya amanani akhuphuka kalula.

3. Bambalwa abantu abangaba khona embonini. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe be-patent, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile kanye nezici zokuvikela imvelo, imboni yodayi inezithiyo eziphakeme, futhi ukwanda kwamandla okukhiqiza kunqunyelwe. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amandla amancane okukhiqiza asusiwe ngenkathi abambalwa abasha abangenayo. Ngakho-ke, iphethini yokugxila okuphezulu embonini yodayi yesikhathi esizayo izokwazi ukuqhubeka.

4. Izinto ezishintshayo aziyona ingozi enkulu. Izinkampani ezinkulu zodayi zakwamanye amazwe ezibeka imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu noma odayi abakhethekile aziyona ingozi embonini yodayi yasekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezithintwa yizintela kanye nempahla, amanani okungenisa aphakeme kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, izinto ezishintshayo zodayi aziyona ingozi enkulu.

5. Izinga eliphakathi lokuncintisana embonini. Ngemva kokuhlanganiswa okukhulu kwemboni kusukela ngo-2009 kuya ku-2010, inani lamabhizinisi lehle laya ngaphezu kuka-300. Ngokuqhubeka nokujula kokuguqulwa kohlangothi lokuphakelwa kuzwelonke, izinga lokuhlushwa kwemboni yodayi lithuthuke kakhulu. Umthamo wokukhiqiza udayi ohlakazekile wasekhaya ugxile kakhulu eZhejiang Longsheng, Leap Soil Stock kanye neJihua Group, i-CR3 icishe ibe ngu-70%, umthamo wokukhiqiza udayi osabelayo uphakeme eZhejiang Longsheng, Leap soil Stock, Hubei Chuyuan, Taixing Caragian kanye nase-Anoki five enterprises, i-CR3 icishe ibe ngu-50%.
Ukuqapha kukhombisa ukuthi ukungenisa imakethe yezingubo ezingaphandle kwesizini isikhathi eside kukhuphule ngqo intengo yamadayi asakazekile. Amanani edayi asakazekile amnyama e-ECT angu-300% akhuphuke ngo-36% ezinyangeni ezimbili ezedlule.

Ngokuphathelene nesidingo, ngenxa yomthelela wobhubhane, amabhizinisi amaningi amakhulu ezindwangu aqondiswe ekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe eNdiya adlulisele ama-oda amaningi ekukhiqizweni kwasekhaya ezinyangeni zamuva nje ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukulethwa okuvamile ngenxa yobhubhane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-"Double 11" isondela, amabhizinisi e-e-commerce a-oda kusenesikhathi, isitoko siyisihluthulelo sokuwina imakethe. Ngaphezu "kobusika obubandayo" obulindelwe kulo nyaka, imboni ithe amabhizinisi ezindwangu amatasa kakhulu manje. Isidingo samadayi akhuphukayo naso sikhuphuke kakhulu ngenxa yalokho.

Ngokuphathelene nokuhlinzekwa, isimo esinzima sokuphepha nokuvikelwa kwemvelo eShayina singase siqhubeke isikhathi eside esikhathini esizayo ngenxa yokungcola okukhulu okubangelwa ukukhiqizwa kwamadayi kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo, kanye nokuphepha nokuvikelwa kwemvelo okufanele amandla okukhiqiza angaphansi kwezinga kanye namandla okukhiqiza angasebenzi kahle kuzosuswa kancane kancane. I-Guoxin Securities ithe amabhizinisi amancane okukhiqiza udayi asakazekile anomkhiqizo olinganiselwe, isimo samanje sivumela ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi ahola udayi.