Odayi abasebenzayo banemibala egqamile kanye nama-chromatogram aphelele. Yaziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwayo okulula, izindleko eziphansi, nokushesha okuhle kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi ngokuthuthukiswa kwemicu ye-cellulose eminyakeni yamuva nje, odayi abasebenzayo sebewuhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lukadayi we-cellulose fiber textile dyeing.

Kodwa inkinga evelele kakhulu yodayi abasebenzayo yizinga eliphansi lokukhathala kanye nezinga lokulungisa. Enqubweni yendabuko yokudaya ye-cellulose fiber, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukutholwa kodayi kanye nezinga lokulungiswa kwamadayi asebenzayo, inani elikhulu likasawoti we-inorganic (i-sodium chloride noma i-sodium sulfate) kufanele lengezwe. Ngokuya ngesakhiwo sikadayi nombala, inani likasawoti elisetshenziswa ngokuvamile lingama-30 kuya ku-150 g/L. Nakuba inqubekelaphambili enkulu yenziwe ekwelapheni izinhlanganisela eziphilayo ekunyatheliseni nasekudayeni amanzi angcolile, ukwengezwa kwenani elikhulu likasawoti wezinto ezingaphili enqubweni yokudaya akukwazi ukwelashwa ngezindlela ezilula ezingokwenyama nezamakhemikhali.

Ucwaningo ngobuchwepheshe bodayi abasebenzayo kanye nodayi ongenasawoti

Ngokombono wemvelo, ukukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile okunyathelisa anosawoti omningi kanye nokudaya kushintsha ngokuqondile izinga lamanzi emifuleni namachibi futhi kucekele phansi indawo ezungezile.
isithombe
Ukungena kukasawoti okuphezulu kuzodala ukugcwala kosawoti enhlabathini ezungeze imifula namachibi, kunciphise isivuno sezitshalo. Ngamafuphi, ukusetshenziswa kwesamba esikhulu sikasawoti we-inorganic angeke kwehliswe noma kusetshenziswe kabusha, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kunomthelela omubi kakhulu kwikhwalithi yamanzi nomhlabathi. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, lesi sihloko sibuyekeza inqubekelaphambili yocwaningo lwakamuva lobuchwepheshe bokudaya obungenawo usawoti, futhi sidingida ngokuhlelekile izinguquko zesakhiwo sikadayi abasatshwa usawoti omncane, ubuchwepheshe bokuxhunyelelwa, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuxhumanisa.

Udayi osebenzayo wokudaya ongenawo usawoti

Izici ezivelele zodayi abasebenzayo yisakhiwo esincane samangqamuzana, i-hydrophilicity enhle, nokuwashwa kalula kombala ontantayo ngemva kokulungiswa. Lokhu kuyisiqalo esibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwama-molecule odayi. Kodwa lokhu futhi kubangela izinga lokuphelelwa udayi kanye nezinga lokulungisa libe liphansi, futhi inani elikhulu likasawoti lidinga ukungezwa ngesikhathi sokudaya. Kuholela ekulahlekeni kwenani elikhulu lamanzi angcolile anosawoti kanye nodayi, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuphule izindleko zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kubi. Ezinye izinkampani zikadayi zaqala ukunaka ukubhekwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezandulela udayi kanye namaqembu asebenzayo, kanye nokuthuthukisa odayi abasebenzayo bokudaya okunosawoti omncane. I-CibacronLs eyethulwe i-Ciba iwuhlobo lodayi abadayayo abanosawoti omncane abasebenzisa amaqembu asebenzayo ahlukene ukuhlanganisa. Isici salodayi ukuthi inani likasawoti elisetshenziselwa ukudaya liyi-1/4 kuya ku-1/2 yalelo lodayi abavamile abasebenzayo. Ayizwelani nezinguquko zesilinganiso sokugeza futhi inokukhiqiza okuhle. Lolu hlobo lukadayi ngokuyinhloko luwukudaya we-dip futhi lungasetshenziswa kanye nodayi abahlakazayo ukuze kudaywe ngokushesha obhavu olulodwa lwenhlanganisela ye-polyester/ukotini.

I-Sumitomo Corporation yaseJapan ihlongoze isethi yezindlela zokudaya ezifanele odayi wochungechunge lweSumifux Supra. Ibizwa nge-LETfS staining method. Inani likasawoti we-inorganic elisetshenziswa kule ndlela liyi-1/2 kuya ku-1/3 kuphela yenqubo yendabuko, futhi isilinganiso sokugeza singafinyelela ku-1:10. Futhi sethule uchungechunge lwamadayi asebenzayo ahambisana nenqubo. Lolu chungechunge lodayi odayi be-heterobi-reactive abahlanganiswe i-monochloros-triazine ne-B-ethylsulfone sulfate. Inani likadayi osalayo emanzini angcolile okudaya alolu chungechunge lodayi lingama-25% -30% kuphela wokuqukethwe kodayi emanzini angcolile okudaya asebenzayo. Kunconywa ukudaya imicu ye-Tencel. Ibonisa ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwesicelo ngokwezinga lokulungisa, ukuwasha kalula, nokushesha okuhlukahlukene kwemikhiqizo edayiwe.

Inkampani ye-DyStar yethule odayi abawuchungechunge be-RemazolEF abafanele ukudaya abangenawo usawoti, iqembu elisebenzayo ikakhulukazi i-B-hydroxyethyl sulfone sulfate, futhi yethula inqubo yokudaya engenawo usawoti evumelana nemvelo. Inani likasawoti we-inorganic elisetshenzisiwe liyi-1/3 yenqubo evamile. Inqubo yokudaya iyafinyezwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo luhlanganisa ama-chromatogram amaningi. Izinhlobonhlobo zemibala emithathu eyinhloko ingahlanganiswa ukuze kutholwe imibala egqamile. Inkampani yakwaClariant (Clariant) yethule uchungechunge lwe-DrimareneHF lodayi abasebenzayo, ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo ezi-4: DrimareneBlueHF-RL, 戡ownHF-2RL, NavyHF-G, RedHF-G, esetshenziselwa ukudaya ngokweqile nokudaya okuqhubekayo kwemicu ye-cellulose, ukusebenza kwesicelo Nokuhle. ukushesha. Izinga lokulungisa liphezulu impela, usawoti omncane kanye nesilinganiso sotshwala esiphansi. Ukulungiswa kokungathathi hlangothi, ukuwasha okuhle.

Abanye odayi abasanda kuthuthukiswa abasanda kwakhiwa bangakhuphula ukuqondisa kodayi ngokwandisa umthamo wama-molecule kadayi futhi banciphise inani likasawoti wezinto ezingaphili. Isibonelo, ukwethulwa kwamaqembu e-urea kungakhuphula ukuqondisa kwamaqembu asebenzayo futhi kunciphise inani likasawoti we-inorganic. Thuthukisa izinga lokulungisa; kukhona futhi izandulela zodayi we-polyazo (njenge-trisazo, i-tetraazo) ukwandisa ukuqondisa kwedayi, nokufeza injongo yokudaya okungenasawoti. Umthelela ophezulu wesithiyo we-steric wabanye odayi esakhiweni ungaphinda uguqule ngokuphawulekayo ukusebenza kabusha kwamaqembu asebenzayo odayi abasebenzayo kanye nenani likasawoti elisetshenziswa ukudaya. Le miphumela yesithiyo esibulalayo ngokuvamile iwukwethulwa kwezinto ezibambele i-alkyl ezindaweni ezihlukene ku-matrix kadayi. Izici zabo eziyisisekelo zesakhiwo zifinyezwa osolwazi ngale ndlela elandelayo:

Iqembu lokuqala elisebenzayo SO: CH2CH: oS03Na ingaba kumeta noma indawo ye-para yeringi ye-benzene;

I-R3 ingaba ku-ortho, inter, noma indawo ye-para yeringi ye-benzene. Ifomula yesakhiwo i-vinyl sulfone reactive dyes.

Okuhlukile okuhlukile noma izindawo ezihlukile zokushintsha odayi zingafinyelela inani elifanayo lokudaya ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokudaya, kodwa amanani azo kasawoti wokudaya ahluke kakhulu.

Odayi abahle kakhulu abanosawoti omncane kufanele babe nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo: 1) Inani likasawoti elisetshenziswa ukudaya liyancipha kakhulu; 2) Ukudaya endaweni ephansi yokugeza udayi okugeza, ukudaya ukuzinza kokugeza; 3) Ukuwasha okuhle. Yehlisa isikhathi sokusebenza ngemuva kokucubungula; 4) Ukukhiqiza kabusha okuhle kakhulu. Mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kodayi, ngaphezu kokuthuthukiswa okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla kwesakhiwo se-matrix kadayi kanye nenhlanganisela enengqondo yamaqembu asebenzayo, abanye abantu baye bahlanganisa odayi abasebenzayo be-cationic, abangadaywa ngaphandle kokwengeza usawoti. Isb. odayi be-Cationic besakhiwo esilandelayo:

Kungabonakala kufomula engenhla ukuthi umzimba wombala uxhunywe eqenjini elisebenzayo le-monochloro-triazine. Iqembu le-pyridine quaternary ammonium nalo lixhunywe eringini ye-s-triazine. Udayi ukhokhiswe kahle futhi iqembu le-quaternary ammonium liyiqembu elincibilika emanzini. Njengoba akukhona nje kuphela ukuxoshwa kwenkokhelo phakathi kwama-molecule odayi kanye ne-fiber, kodwa futhi ukukhanga kwamashaji aqondile namabi, udayi kulula ukusondela endaweni ye-fiber bese ukhanga ku-fiber edayiwe. Ukuba khona kwama-electrolyte esixazululweni sokudaya ngeke nje kukhiqize umphumela wokukhuthaza udayi, kodwa futhi kwenze buthaka ukukhangana phakathi kwedayi ne-fiber, ngakho lolu hlobo lokudaya lungafakwa ngaphandle kokwengeza i-electrolyte yokudaya okungenasawoti. Inqubo yokudaya ifana nodayi abavamile abasebenzayo. Kodayi abasebenzayo be-monochloros-triazine, i-sodium carbonate isangezwa njenge-ejenti yokulungisa. Izinga lokushisa lokulungisa licishe libe ngu-85 ℃. Izinga lokuthatha udayi lingafinyelela ku-90% kuya ku-94%, futhi izinga lokulungisa lingama-80% kuya ku-90%. Inokukhanya okuhle nokushesha kokuwasha. Odayi abafanayo be-cationic reactive nabo babike kusetshenziswa i-monofluoro-s-triazine njengeqembu elisebenzayo. Umsebenzi we-monofluoro-s-triazine uphakeme kunalowo we-monochloro-s-triazine.

Laba badayi bangabuye badaywe ngezingxube zikakotini/ze-acrylic, nezinye izici zodayi (njengokulinganisa nokuhambisana, njll.) zidinga ukuqhutshekiselwa phambili ukufunda. Kodwa inikeza indlela entsha ye-cellulose fiber ukwenza ukudaya ngaphandle kukasawoti.