Amadayi asebenzayo anemibala egqamile kanye nama-chromatogram aphelele. Ayaziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwawo okulula, izindleko eziphansi, kanye nokushesha okuhle kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi ngokuthuthukiswa kwemicu ye-cellulose eminyakeni yamuva nje, amadayi asebenzayo abe uhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lwedayi lokudaya indwangu ye-cellulose fiber.

Kodwa inkinga evelele kakhulu yamadayi asebenzayo yizinga eliphansi lokukhathala kanye nezinga lokuqina. Enqubweni yendabuko yokudaya i-cellulose fiber, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumuncwa kwedayi kanye nezinga lokuqina kwamadayi asebenzayo, inani elikhulu likasawoti ongaphili (i-sodium chloride noma i-sodium sulfate) kumele lifakwe. Kuye ngesakhiwo sodayi kanye nombala, inani likasawoti elisetshenziswayo ngokuvamile lingama-30 kuya ku-150 g/L. Nakuba kwenziwe intuthuko enkulu ekwelapheni amakhemikhali e-organic ekunyatheliseni nasekudayeni amanzi angcolile, ukwengezwa kwenani elikhulu likasawoti ongaphili enqubweni yokudaya akunakuphathwa ngezindlela ezilula zomzimba neze-biochemical.

Ucwaningo ngobuchwepheshe bamadayi asebenzayo kanye nedayi engenasawoti

Ngokombono wezemvelo, ukukhishwa kwamanzi amdaka anosawoti omningi kanye nokudaya kushintsha ngqo ikhwalithi yamanzi emifula namachibi futhi kubhubhise indawo ezungezile yemvelo.
isithombe
Ukumuncwa okuphezulu kukasawoti kuzobangela ukumuncwa kukasawoti enhlabathini ezungeze imifula namachibi, kunciphise isivuno sezitshalo. Ngamafuphi, ukusetshenziswa kwenani elikhulu likasawoti ongaphili akukwazi ukuwohloka noma ukuphinda kusetshenziswe, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kunomthelela omubi kakhulu ekhwalithini yamanzi nasenhlabathini. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, lesi sihloko sibuyekeza inqubekela phambili yocwaningo lwakamuva lobuchwepheshe bokudaya obungenasawoti, futhi sixoxa ngokuhlelekile ngezinguquko zesakhiwo samadayi asabela kancane kusawoti, ubuchwepheshe bokuxhunyelelwa, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuxhumanisa.

Amadayi asebenzayo okufaka udayi ongenasawoti

Izici ezivelele zamadayi aphendulayo yisakhiwo esincane sama-molecule, ukuthambekela okuhle kwamanzi, kanye nokuhlanzwa kalula kombala ontantayo ngemva kokulungiswa. Lokhu kuyintsha ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwama-molecule edayi. Kodwa lokhu futhi kubangela izinga lokuphelelwa amandla kwedayi kanye nezinga lokuqina libe phansi, futhi kudingeka kufakwe inani elikhulu likasawoti ngesikhathi sokudaya. Kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwamanzi amaningi angcolile anosawoti kanye namadayi, ngaleyo ndlela kwandisa izindleko zokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile. Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kubi kakhulu. Ezinye izinkampani zodayi zaqala ukunaka ukuhlolwa nokuthuthukiswa kwama-precursor edayi kanye namaqembu aphendulayo, kanye nokuthuthukisa amadayi aphendulayo okudaya ngosawoti omncane. Ama-CibacronL aqalwe yi-Ciba uhlobo lwamadayi aphendulayo anosawoti omncane asebenzisa amaqembu ahlukene asebenzayo ukuhlanganisa. Isici sale dayi ukuthi inani likasawoti elisetshenziswa ekudayini lingu-1/4 kuya ku-1/2 lalawo amadayi aphendulayo ajwayelekile. Aluzweli ezinguqukweni zesilinganiso sokugeza futhi lunokuphindaphindeka okuhle. Lolu hlobo lwamadayi luwukudaya ngokucwilisa futhi lungasetshenziswa kanye namadayi ahlakazekile ukuze kudaye ngokushesha ingxube ye-polyester/ikotoni ngebhavu elilodwa.

I-Sumitomo Corporation yaseJapan iphakamise isethi yezindlela zokudaya ezifanele amadayi ochungechunge lwe-Sumifux Supra. Ibizwa ngokuthi indlela yokufaka i-LETfS. Inani likasawoti ongaphili osetshenziswa kule ndlela liyi-1/2 kuya ku-1/3 kuphela yenqubo yendabuko, futhi isilinganiso sokugeza singafinyelela ku-1:10. Futhi yethule uchungechunge lwamadayi asebenzayo ahambisana nenqubo. Lolu chungechunge lwamadayi luyidayi e-heterobi-reactive eyakhiwe yi-monochloros-triazine kanye ne-B-ethylsulfone sulfate. Inani ledayi elisele emanzini angcolile okudaya alolu chungechunge lwamadayi lingu-25%-30% kuphela wokuqukethwe kwedayi emanzini angcolile okujwayelekile okudaya. Kunconywa ukudaya imicu ye-Tencel. Ibonisa ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokusetshenziswa ngokwezinga lokuqina, ukuwasha okulula, kanye nokuqina okuhlukahlukene kwemikhiqizo edayiwe.

Inkampani i-DyStar yethule udayi wochungechunge lwe-RemazolEF ofanele ukudaya okungenasawoti, iqembu elisebenzayo ikakhulukazi yi-B-hydroxyethyl sulfone sulfate, futhi yethule inqubo yokudaya okungenasawoti enobungani nemvelo. Inani likasawoti ongaphili osetshenziswayo liyi-1/3 yenqubo evamile. Inqubo yokudaya iyafinyezwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo luhlanganisa uhla olubanzi lwe-chromatograms. Izinhlobo ezintathu zemibala eyinhloko zingahlanganiswa ukuze kutholakale imibala ekhanyayo. Inkampani i-Clariant (Clariant) yethule uchungechunge lwe-DrimareneHF lwamadayi asebenzayo, ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezine: i-DrimareneBlueHF-RL, i-戡ownHF-2RL, i-NavyHF-G, i-RedHF-G, esetshenziselwa ukudaya okukhathele kanye nokudaya okuqhubekayo kwemicu ye-cellulose, ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kanye nokushesha okuhle. Izinga lokudaya liphezulu impela, isilinganiso sosawoti esiphansi kanye notshwala obuphansi. Ukulungiswa okungathathi hlangothi, ukuhlanzwa okuhle.

Amanye amadayi asanda kuthuthukiswa angandisa ukuqondile kwamadayi ngokwandisa ivolumu yama-molecule edayi futhi anciphise inani likasawoti ongaphili. Isibonelo, ukungeniswa kwamaqembu e-urea kungandisa ukuqondile kwamaqembu asebenzayo futhi kunciphise inani likasawoti ongaphili. Thuthukisa izinga lokuqina; kukhona futhi izandulela zedayi ze-polyazo (njenge-trisazo, i-tetraazo) zokwandisa ukuqondile kwedayi, futhi kufezwe injongo yokudaya okungenasawoti. Umphumela ophezulu wokuvinjelwa kwedayi ethile esakhiweni ungashintsha kakhulu ukusabela kwamaqembu asabelayo amadayi asabelayo kanye nenani likasawoti elisetshenziswa ekudayini. Le miphumela yokuvinjelwa kwe-steric ngokuvamile iwukungeniswa kwezinto ezithatha indawo ye-alkyl ezindaweni ezahlukene ku-matrix yedayi. Izici zazo eziyisisekelo zesakhiwo zifingqiwe yizazi kanje:

Iqembu elisebenzayo lokuqala SO: CH2CH: oS03Na lingaba sesimweni se-meta noma se-para sendandatho ye-benzene;

I-R3 ingaba sendaweni ye-ortho, i-inter, noma i-para yendandatho ye-benzene. Ifomula yesakhiwo ingamadayi asebenzayo e-vinyl sulfone.

Izinto ezishintshayo ezahlukene noma izindawo ezahlukene zokushintshana kumadayi zingafinyelela inani elifanayo lokudaya ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokudaya, kodwa inani lazo likasawoti wokudaya lihlukile kakhulu.

Amadayi amahle kakhulu asabela ngosawoti omncane kumele abe nezici ezilandelayo: 1) Inani likasawoti elisetshenziswa ekudayini lincishisiwe kakhulu; 2) Ukudaya ebhavini elinodayi wesilinganiso esiphansi sebhavini, ukuzinza kwebhavini lokudaya; 3) Ukuhlanzwa kahle. Nciphisa isikhathi sokucubungula; 4) Ukuphindaphindeka okuhle kakhulu. Ngokuphathelene nokuthuthukiswa kodayi, ngaphezu kokuthuthukiswa okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla kwesakhiwo se-matrix yodayi kanye nokuhlanganiswa okunengqondo kwamaqembu asebenzayo, abanye abantu baye bahlanganisa amadayi abizwa ngokuthi ama-cationic reactive, angadaya ngaphandle kokufaka usawoti. Isib. Amadayi asabelayo e-Cationic wesakhiwo esilandelayo:

Kungabonakala kulefomula engenhla ukuthi umzimba wombala uxhunywe eqenjini elisebenzayo le-monochloro-triazine. Iqembu le-pyridine quaternary ammonium nalo linamathele endandatho ye-s-striazine. Idayi ishajelwe kahle futhi iqembu le-quaternary ammonium liyiqembu elincibilika emanzini. Njengoba kungekho nje kuphela ukuxoshwa kweshaja phakathi kwama-molecule edayi kanye ne-fiber, kodwa futhi nokukhanga kwama-charge amahle namabi, idayi kulula ukusondela ebusweni be-fiber futhi inamathele ku-fiber edayiwe. Ukuba khona kwama-electrolyte esixazululweni sokudaya ngeke nje kukhiqize umphumela wokukhuthaza udayi, kodwa futhi kunciphise ukukhanga phakathi kwedayi kanye ne-fiber, ngakho-ke lolu hlobo lokudaya udayi lungadaya ngaphandle kokwengeza ama-electrolyte ukuze kudaye ngaphandle kosawoti. Inqubo yokudaya ifana nama-dye avamile asebenzayo. Kuma-dye asebenzayo e-monochloros-triazine, i-sodium carbonate isangezwa njenge-ejenti yokulungisa. Izinga lokushisa lokulungisa licishe libe ngu-85℃. Izinga lokumuncwa kwedayi lingafinyelela ku-90% kuya ku-94%, kanti izinga lokufakwa lingu-80% kuya ku-90%. Linamandla okukhanya okuhle kanye nokuqina kokuwasha. Amadayi afanayo asabelayo e-cationic nawo abikile ukuthi asebenzisa i-monofluoro-s-triazine njengeqembu elisebenzayo. Umsebenzi we-monofluoro-s-triazine uphakeme kunowe-monochloro-s-triazine.

Lawa madayi angadaywa futhi ngezingxube zekotini/i-acrylic, kanti ezinye izakhiwo zamadayi (njengokulinganisa nokuhambisana, njll.) zidinga ukuhlolisiswa kabanzi. Kodwa inikeza indlela entsha yokuthi i-cellulose fiber yenze ukudaywa okungenasawoti.