Imboni yamakhemikhali amahle igama elijwayelekile lokukhiqizwa kwemboni yamakhemikhali amahle, ebizwa ngokuthi "amakhemikhali amahle", futhi imikhiqizo yawo ibizwa nangokuthi amakhemikhali amahle noma amakhemikhali akhethekile.

Imboni emaphakathi yemboni yamakhemikhali emihle itholakala ekugcineni kwemboni yamakhemikhali emihle. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuqhubeka nokukhiqiza imikhiqizo emihle yamakhemikhali. Izicelo zayo ezansi nomfula zihlanganisa: izinto ezizwelayo ezishisayo, amapulasitiki obunjiniyela akhethekile, izesekeli zokuphrinta izindwangu nokudaya, amakhemikhali esikhumba, ama-polymer asezingeni eliphezulu nezibulala-zinambuzane, odayi abasebenzayo, njll.

Imboni emaphakathi yemboni yamakhemikhali emihle ibonakala ngocwaningo nentuthuko esheshayo, isikali somkhiqizo owodwa esiphansi, kanye nokuhlobana okuqinile kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bemikhiqizo ehlobene.
Ngokombono wokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo wembonini yangaphambilini, uma ukusetshenziswa komfula kwemikhiqizo emaphakathi sekuqinisekisiwe, isivinini sokukhushulwa kwemakethe sizoshesha kakhulu.

Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi bokukhiqiza, inqubo ende kanye nesivinini sokuvuselela ngokushesha isibulala-zinambuzane, imithi kanye neminye imikhiqizo emihle yamakhemikhali, akukho bhizinisi elingagcina inzuzo yezindleko ezilinganiselwe kukho konke ukuthuthukiswa, ukukhiqiza kanye nesixhumanisi sokuthengisa.

Izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zisebenzisa ngokugcwele izinsiza zomhlaba, ngakho-ke, i-liquidity, ukubekwa kabusha, ukumisa, izinsiza ze-industry chain, kugxilwe kakhulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni nasekudayiseni, futhi zidlulisele uchungechunge lwezokukhiqiza emazweni anezinzuzo zezindleko ezilinganiselwe kanye nobuchwepheshe. base, ezifana China, India bese ezikhiqizwa kulawa mazwe ukugxila intermediates ukukhiqiza amabhizinisi.

Esigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni, iShayina yayingakwazi ukukhiqiza kuphela imikhiqizo embalwa eyisisekelo ephakathi, futhi umkhiqizo wawungakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zasekhaya.

Njengoba isimo semboni yamakhemikhali emihle eminyakeni yamuva siye saba ukwesekwa okuqinile, kusukela ocwaningweni lwesayensi nasekuthuthukisweni kuya ekukhiqizeni nasekuthengisweni kwemboni ephakathi e-China kuye kwakha isethi yohlelo oluphelele, lungakhiqiza imikhiqizo ephakathi efana nemithi, odayi. intermediate, izibulala-zinambuzane intermediates 36 izigaba ingqikithi ezingaphezu kuka-40000 izinhlobo imikhiqizo Lesisemkhatsini, ngaphezu ukuhlangabezana nesidingo sasekhaya, futhi isibalo esikhulu ezithunyelwa emhlabeni emazweni angaphezu kuka-30 nezifunda.

Imikhiqizo yaseShayina yaminyaka yonke ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe idlula amathani ayizigidi ezi-5, isibe ukukhiqizwa nokuthekelisa okuphakathi nendawo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Eminyakeni yamuva, imboni yaseShayina yama-intermediates embonini iye yathuthuka ngokushesha, futhi isibe umkhiqizi omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni wama-intermediates odayi, okuholela ezinsizeni, phezulu naphansi komfula weketanga lezimboni, izinto zokuthutha nezokuthutha, imishini yokuvikela imvelo nezinye izici, ngokuvuthwa okuphezulu kwemakethe. .

Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwethonya lokucindezela kwemvelo okwandayo, abakhiqizi abaningi abaphakathi nabancane nabaphakathi abakwazi ukugcina ukukhiqizwa nokusebenza okuvamile ngenxa yomthamo onganele wokulawula ukungcola, futhi bahlala bekhawulela ukukhiqiza, bayeke ukukhiqiza noma bavale ngokuphelele. Iphethini yokuncintisana yemakethe kancane kancane iyashintsha isuka emiqhudelwaneni engafanele iye kubakhiqizi abakhulu bekhwalithi ephezulu.

Ukuthambekela kokuhlanganiswa kochungechunge lwezimboni kubonakala embonini. Amabhizinisi amakhulu aphakathi nendawo kadayi anwebela kancane kancane embonini ephakathi nendawo ephakathi kodayi, kuyilapho amabhizinisi amakhulu aphakathi nendawo edayi andela embonini emaphakathi ekhuphuka nomfula.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaphakathi bedayi bahlanganisa imikhiqizo eminingi, abakhiqizi abaningi banemikhiqizo yabo ehlukile ephakathi, uma kukhona ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bokukhiqiza emkhiqizweni owodwa, amandla okuxoxisana embonini ngomkhiqizo owodwa angakhula kakhulu.

Abashayeli bezimboni

(1) Amathuba amahle okudluliselwa kwemboni yamakhemikhali esezingeni lomhlaba
Ngokulungiswa okuqhubekayo kwesigaba sezezimboni sabasebenzi emhlabeni, uchungechunge lwezimboni zemboni yamakhemikhali asezingeni eliphezulu luphinde lwavela ukuhlukaniswa okuhleliwe kwabasebenzi.
Bonke ubuchwepheshe obuhle bemboni yamakhemikhali, buxhumanisa isikhathi eside, isivinini sokuvuselela, ngisho nezinkampani zamakhemikhali ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe azikwazi ukuqonda lonke ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa nokukhiqizwa kwabo bonke ubuchwepheshe kanye nokuxhumanisa, ngakho-ke, iningi lembonini yamakhemikhali emihle yokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi kusukela "esikhundleni" kancane kancane. kuya "okuncane kodwa okuhle", lwela ubude besikhathi ukujulisa isikhundla sayo ochungechungeni lwemboni.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezimali, kugxile ekuqhudelaneni okuwumongo wangaphakathi, ukuthuthukisa isivinini sokuphendula emakethe, ukwandisa ukwabiwa kwezinsiza kusebenza kahle kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu zamakhemikhali kazwelonke ukuze zibeke kabusha, zimise, izinsiza zochungechunge lwezimboni, kuzoba okugxilwe kakhulu komkhiqizo. isu lokugxila ocwaningweni lokugcina lomkhiqizo nasekuthuthukisweni kwemakethe, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwesixhumanisi esisodwa noma ezimbalwa eziya ekuzuzeni okuthuthuke kakhulu, okuqhathaniswa nokuqhathaniswa kwebhizinisi elihle lokukhiqiza imikhiqizo ephakathi kwamakhemikhali.

Ukudluliswa kwemboni yamakhemikhali esezingeni lomhlaba ilethe amathuba amahle okuthuthukiswa kwemboni yemikhiqizo ephakathi yamakhemikhali eChina.

(2) Ukwesekwa okuqinile okuvela kuzinqubomgomo zezimboni zikazwelonke
I-China ibilokhu inamathisele ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yamakhemikhali asezingeni eliphezulu.Ikhathalogi Yomhlahlandlela Wokuhlelwa Kabusha Kwezimboni (ushicilelo luka-2011) (Isichibiyelo) ekhishwe yiKhomishana Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko ngo-February 16, 2013 ibala ukukhiqizwa okuhlanzekile kodayi kanye nezimaphakathi zikadayi njenge ubuchwepheshe obukhuthazwa umbuso.
"Izinqumo ezibucayi kakhulu kanye nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ekuhleleni" kuhlongoze "ukusetshenziswa kokukhiqiza okuhlanzekile nobunye ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe imishini yokukhiqiza ekhona, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto ezikhishwayo, ukuthuthukisa ikhono eliphelele lokuncintisana kanye nekhono lentuthuko esimeme" kanye "nokuqinisa amandla okukhiqiza." odayi kanye nezindawo zabo zobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuhlanzekile kanye nokusetshenziswa okuthuthukisiwe okusebenzayo" imfucuza emithathu "ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokwelapha kanye nokusetshenziswa, ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa udayi kanye nokusiza, kukhuphula izinga lesevisi yesevisi embonini kadayi".
Imboni ephakathi kukadayi ngamakhemikhali ebhizinisi eliyinhloko yenkampani iyingxenye yokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo kazwelonke yezimboni ezinkulu, ezothuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ngezinga elithile.

(3) Imboni yamakhemikhali yaseChina enhle inenzuzo eqinile yokuncintisana
Ngokuqhubeka nokujula kokuhlukaniswa kwezemisebenzi nezimboni emhlabeni wonke, uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe athuthukile, amazwe asathuthuka, ikakhulukazi i-China, azobonisa izinzuzo zezindleko ezibaluleke kakhulu, ezihlanganisa:
Inzuzo yezindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali: Ngemva kweminyaka yokuthuthuka, i-China isisungule uhlelo lwezimboni oluvuthiwe uma kuqhathaniswa. Izindleko zokuthengwa kwemishini yamakhemikhali, ukufakwa, ukwakhiwa nokunye okokufaka ziphansi kunalezo zamazwe athuthukile.
Inzuzo yezindleko zempahla eluhlaza: Amakhemikhali ayinhloko aseChina azuze ukuzimela futhi ngisho nesimo sokugcwala ngokweqile, angaqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingabizi kakhulu;
Inzuzo yezindleko zabasebenzi: Uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe athuthukile, abasebenzi be-r&d baseChina nabasebenzi bezimboni bakhokha igebe elikhulu emazweni athuthukile.

(4) Izindinganiso zokuvikela imvelo ziya ngokuya ziba namandla futhi amabhizinisi asalela emuva ayaqedwa
Imvelo enhle yemvelo ingenye yezimfuneko zokuthuthukiswa okusimeme komnotho wezwe. Eminyakeni yakamuva, umbuso ubeke izidingo eziphakeme ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kanye namazinga aqinile okuvikela imvelo.
Amanzi angcolile, igesi engcolile kanye nemfucumfucu eqinile ekhiqizwa ekukhiqizeni imboni yamakhemikhali amahle kuzoba nomthelela othile endaweni ezungezile. Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi amakhemikhali amahle kufanele anake ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, alawule ngempumelelo ukungcola okukhona, futhi asebenzise ngokuqinile izindinganiso zikazwelonke ezifanele zokukhipha umoya.
Ukwenziwa ngcono kwezidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo kulungele imboni yamakhemikhali ukuze iqinise ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo ehambisana nemvelo, ithuthukise ukuncintisana komkhiqizo, iqede amabhizinisi asalela emuva, ukuze yenze ukuncintisana okuhlelekile kwemboni.