Imboni yamakhemikhali amahle yigama elijwayelekile lokukhiqizwa kwemboni yamakhemikhali amahle, okubizwa ngokuthi “amakhemikhali amahle”, futhi imikhiqizo yayo ibizwa nangokuthi amakhemikhali amahle noma amakhemikhali akhethekile.

Isikhungo semboni yamakhemikhali amahle sitholakala engxenyeni engaphambili yemboni yamakhemikhali amahle. Umsebenzi waso oyinhloko ukuqhubeka nokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali amahle. Ukusetshenziswa kwaso okulandelayo kufaka phakathi: izinto ezibucayi ekushiseni, amapulasitiki obunjiniyela akhethekile, ukuphrinta nokufaka udayi ngezindwangu, amakhemikhali esikhumba, ama-polymers aphezulu kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane, amadayi asebenzayo, njll.

Imboni ephakathi nendawo yemboni yamakhemikhali amahle ibonakala ngocwaningo olusheshayo nentuthuko, isilinganiso esincane somkhiqizo owodwa, kanye nokuxhumana okuqinile kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bemikhiqizo ehlobene.
Ngokombono wokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo wemboni wangaphambilini, uma ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ephakathi sekuqinisekisiwe, isivinini sokukhushulwa kwemakethe sizoshesha kakhulu.

Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuyinkimbinkimbi, inqubo ende kanye nesivinini sokuvuselela okusheshayo kwezibulala-zinambuzane, imithi kanye neminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali amahle, akukho bhizinisi elingagcina inzuzo yezindleko ezilinganiselwe kuyo yonke isixhumanisi sokuthuthukiswa, ukukhiqiza kanye nokuthengisa.

Izinkampani zomhlaba wonke ezisebenzisa ngokugcwele izinsiza zomhlaba wonke, ngakho-ke, uketshezi, ukuhlelwa kabusha, izinsiza zochungechunge lwemboni, zigxila kakhulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni nasekuthengisweni, futhi zidlulisela uchungechunge lwezimboni lokukhiqiza emazweni anezinzuzo zezindleko ezilinganiselwe kanye nesisekelo sobuchwepheshe, njengeShayina, iNdiya bese kukhiqizwa kula mazwe kugxile emabhizinisini okukhiqiza aphakathi nendawo.

Esigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni, iShayina yayikwazi ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo embalwa eyisisekelo ephakathi, futhi umkhiqizo awukwazanga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zasekhaya.

Njengoba isimo semboni yamakhemikhali amahle eminyakeni yamuva nje siye saba ukwesekwa okuqinile, kusukela ocwaningweni lwesayensi nentuthuko kuya ekukhiqizweni nasekuthengisweni kwemboni ephakathi eShayina kwakheka isethi yesistimu ephelele, ingakhiqiza imikhiqizo ephakathi njengemithi ephakathi, amadayi ephakathi, izinambuzane eziphakathi, izinhlobo ezingama-36, inani eliphelele lemikhiqizo ephakathi kuka-40000, ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana nesidingo sasekhaya, futhi inani elikhulu lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni wonke emazweni angaphezu kuka-30 nezifunda.

Ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakathi eShayina minyaka yonke kudlula amathani ayizigidi ezi-5, sekuwumkhiqizo ophakathi nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okukhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imboni ye-dye intermediates yaseShayina ithuthuke ngokushesha, futhi isibe ngumkhiqizi omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni we-dye intermediates, ehamba phambili ngezinsizakusebenza, i-ekukhuphukeni nangaphansi kwe-industrial chain, i-logistics kanye ne-transportation, imishini yokuvikela imvelo nezinye izici, ngokuvuthwa okuphezulu kwemakethe.

Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwethonya lokwanda kwengcindezi yemvelo, iningi labakhiqizi abancane nabaphakathi abakwazi ukugcina ukukhiqizwa nokusebenza okuvamile ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamandla okulawula ukungcola, futhi bahlala bekhawulela ukukhiqizwa, bamisa ukukhiqizwa noma bavale ngokuphelele. Iphethini yokuncintisana emakethe ishintsha kancane kancane kusukela ekuncintisaneni okungahlelekile kuya kubakhiqizi abakhulu abasezingeni eliphezulu.

Umkhuba wokuhlanganiswa kweketanga lezimboni uvela embonini. Amabhizinisi amakhulu anombala ophakathi nendawo ayanda kancane kancane aye embonini engezansi enombala ophakathi nendawo, kuyilapho amabhizinisi amakhulu anombala ophakathi nendawo anda aye embonini esezingeni eliphezulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zokufaka udayi zihlanganisa imikhiqizo eminingi, abakhiqizi abaningi banemikhiqizo yabo ehlukile ehlukene, uma kukhona ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuthuthukisiwe kumkhiqizo owodwa, amandla okuxoxisana embonini ngomkhiqizo owodwa angandiswa kakhulu.

Abashayeli bezimboni

(1) Amathuba amahle okudluliselwa kwemboni yamakhemikhali amahle omhlaba wonke
Ngokuqhubeka kokuthuthukiswa kwesigaba semisebenzi yezimboni emhlabeni, uchungechunge lwezimboni lwemboni yamakhemikhali amahle luye lwabonakala luhlukaniswe ngezigaba.
Zonke izimboni zamakhemikhali ezinhle, isixhumanisi eside, isivinini sokuvuselela, ngisho nezinkampani ezinkulu zamakhemikhali zomhlaba wonke azikwazi ukukwazi konke ucwaningo nentuthuko kanye nokukhiqizwa kwazo zonke izimboni kanye nesixhumanisi, ngakho-ke, iningi lezinkampani zamakhemikhali ezinhle liqondisa ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi kusukela "esikhundleni" kancane kancane kuya "encane kodwa enhle", lilwela ukujulisa isikhundla salo ochungechungeni lwezimboni.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwemali, kugxilwe ekuncintisaneni kwangaphakathi okuyinhloko, kuthuthukiswe isivinini sokuphendula emakethe, kwandiswe ukwabiwa kokusebenza kahle kwezinsiza kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu zamakhemikhali zikazwelonke ukuze zibekwe kabusha, zilungiselele, izinsiza zochungechunge lwemboni, kuzoba yinto egxile kakhulu isu lomkhiqizo ukuze kugxilwe ocwaningweni lomkhiqizo wokugcina kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwesixhumanisi esisodwa noma eziningana ezinzuzweni ezithuthukisiwe, eziqhathaniswayo kakhulu zebhizinisi lokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali ephakathi nendawo.

Ukudluliselwa kwemboni yamakhemikhali amahle emhlabeni wonke kulethe amathuba amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kwemboni yemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali amahle aseShayina.

(2) Ukusekelwa okuqinile okuvela ezinqubweni zezimboni zikazwelonke
IShayina ibilokhu ibeka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yamakhemikhali amahle. I-Guideline Catalog for Industrial Restructuring (uhlelo luka-2011) (Amendment) ekhishwe yi-National Development and Reform Commission ngoFebhuwari 16, 2013 ibhale ukukhiqizwa okuhlanzekile kwamadayi kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo zodayi njengobuchwepheshe obukhuthazwa yisifundazwe.
"Izinqumo ezicacile kakhulu kanye nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ekuhleleni" kuphakanyiswe "ukusetshenziswa kokukhiqiza okuhlanzekile kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe ukuthuthukisa imishini yokukhiqiza ekhona, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi, ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokuncintisana eliphelele kanye nekhono lokuthuthukiswa okusimeme" kanye "nokuqinisa amadayi kanye nezindlela zawo zobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza okuhlanzekile kanye nezindlela ezintathu ezisebenzayo zokulahla imfucuza" ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko kanye nokusetshenziswa, ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokusetshenziswa kwedayi kanye nosizo, ukuphakamisa izinga lenani lenkonzo embonini yedayi".
Imboni ye-fine chemical dyestuff intermediates yebhizinisi eliyinhloko lenkampani ingaphansi kobubanzi bokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo kazwelonke yezimboni ezinkulu, okuzokhuthaza intuthuko yemboni ngezinga elithile.

(3) Imboni yamakhemikhali amahle yaseShayina inenzuzo enkulu yokuncintisana
Njengoba ukuhlukaniswa kwabasebenzi kanye nokudluliselwa kwezimboni emhlabeni wonke kuqhubeka, uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe athuthukile, amazwe asathuthuka, ikakhulukazi iShayina, azobonisa izinzuzo ezinkulu zezindleko, okuhlanganisa:
Inzuzo yezindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali: Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yentuthuko, iShayina yakhe uhlelo lwezimboni oluvuthiwe. Izindleko zokuthengwa kwemishini yamakhemikhali, ukufakwa, ukwakhiwa kanye nezinye izinto ezifakiwe ziphansi kunezamazwe athuthukile.
Inzuzo yezindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Izinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali eziyinhloko zaseShayina zikwazi ukuzimela futhi ngisho nesimo sokusetshenziswa ngokweqile, kungaqinisekisa ukutholakala kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingabizi kakhulu;
Inzuzo yezindleko zabasebenzi: Uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe athuthukile, abasebenzi baseShayina abasebenza emkhakheni wezocwaningo kanye nezimboni bakhokhela igebe elikhulu kunamazwe athuthukile.

(4) Izindinganiso zokuvikela imvelo ziya ngokuya ziba nzima futhi amabhizinisi angasemuva ayasuswa
Indawo enhle yemvelo ingenye yezimfuneko zentuthuko esimeme yomnotho kazwelonke. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umbuso ubeke phambili izidingo eziphakeme zokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nezindinganiso zokuvikelwa kwemvelo eziqinile ngokwandayo.
Amanzi angcolile, igesi engcolile kanye nemfucuza eqinile ekhiqizwa enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kwemboni yamakhemikhali amahle kuzoba nomthelela othile emvelweni yemvelo. Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi amakhemikhali amahle kumele anake ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, alawule ngempumelelo ukungcola okukhona, futhi asebenzise ngokuqinile amazinga kazwelonke okukhishwa kwegesi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo kusiza imboni yamakhemikhali ukuqinisa ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko yemikhiqizo enobungani nemvelo, ukuthuthukisa ukuncintisana komkhiqizo, ukuqeda amabhizinisi angasemuva, ukuze imboni ibe nokuncintisana okuhlelekile.