Yize ubungunga besifo esisha somqhele ngo-2021 busekhona, ukusetshenziswa kancane kancane kuyakhula ngokufika kwentwasahlobo. Iqhutshwa ukuphindaphindeka kukawoyela ongahluziwe, imakethe yamakhemikhali yasekhaya yangenisa imakethe yezinkunzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imakethe ye-aniline nayo yaletha umzuzu okhanyayo. Kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi, intengo yemakethe ye-aniline ifinyelele ku-13,500 yuan/ton, izinga eliphakeme kakhulu kusukela ngo-2008.

Ngokungeziwe ohlangothini lwezindleko ezinhle, ukukhuphuka kwemakethe ye-aniline ngalesi sikhathi nakho kusekelwa uhlangothi lokuhlinzeka nokufunwa. Umthamo wokufakwa okusha wehlile kwabekulindelwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukufakwa okuyinhloko kwalungiswa kabusha, kuhlanganiswe nokwandiswa kwe-MDI engezansi, uhlangothi lwesidingo lwaluqinile, futhi imakethe ye-aniline yayikhuphuka. Ekupheleni kwekota, imizwa yokuqagela yehla, iningi lempahla yaphakama futhi idivayisi yokulungisa i-aniline yayisizoqala kabusha, futhi imakethe yaphenduka futhi yawa, okulindeleke ukuthi ibuyele ekucabangeni.

Ekupheleni kuka-2020, inani lezwe lami eliphelele lokukhiqiza i-aniline licishe libe ngamathani ayizigidi ezi-3.38, okwenza ama-44% omthamo wokukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke. Ukusatshalaliswa ngokweqile kwemboni yezilwane ezifuywayo, kuhambisana nemikhawulo yemvelo, kuye kwanciphisa ukunikezwa eminyakeni emibili edlule. Ngeke kube khona izengezo ezintsha ngo-2020, kodwa ngenxa yokukhula komthamo wokukhiqiza we-MDI ezansi nomfula, i-aniline izongenisa okunye ukunwetshwa ngo-2021. Imboni entsha ka-Jiangsu Fuqiang engamathani ayi-100,000 yaqala ukusebenza ngoJanuwari walo nyaka, kanye neka-Yantai Wanhua engu-540,000- imboni entsha yethani nayo ihlelelwe ukuthi iqale ukusebenza kulo nyaka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imboni ye-Fujian Wanhua engamathani angu-360,000 isiqalile ukwakhiwa futhi ihlelelwe ukuthi iqale ukusebenza ngo-2022. Ngaleso sikhathi, umthamo wokukhiqiza i-aniline waseChina uzofinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-4.3, kanti i-Wanhua Chemical izophinde ibe umkhiqizi omkhulu we-aniline emhlabeni. enamandla okukhiqiza amathani ayizigidi ezi-2.

Ukusetshenziswa komfula we-aniline kuncane kakhulu. I-80% ye-aniline isetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-MDI, i-15% isetshenziswa embonini yezithako zenjoloba, kanti eminye isetshenziswa emkhakheni wodayi, imithi kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane. Ngokwezibalo ze-inthanethi zamakhemikhali, kusukela ngo-2021 kuya ku-2023, i-MDI izoba nokwenyuka cishe ngamathani ayizigidi ezi-2 amandla okukhiqiza futhi izogaya amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.5 amandla okukhiqiza i-aniline. Izithasiselo zenjoloba zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni amathayi futhi ziphinde zixhumeke emakethe yezimoto. Enkathini yangemva kobhubhane, kokubili izimoto namathayi kuphinde kwagcwala ngezinga elithile. Kulindeleke ukuthi isidingo sezithasiselo zenjoloba sikhuphuke ngokuqhathaniswa. Kodwa-ke, ngoSepthemba 2020, i-European Union yamemezela ukuthi i-aniline iyisigaba sesi-2 somdlavuza kanye nesigaba sesi-2 se-teratogen, futhi kuyanconywa ukuthi ikhawulele ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwamanye amathoyizi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlobo eziningi zezingubo zokugqoka nazo zifake i-aniline ohlwini lwezinto ezivinjelwe eminyakeni yamuva. Njengoba izidingo zabathengi zokuvikelwa kwemvelo nempilo zikhula, ingxenye engezansi yomfula i-aniline izoba ngaphansi kwemikhawulo ethile.

Mayelana nokungenisa nokuthekelisa, izwe lami lingumkhiqizi omkhulu we-aniline. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umthamo wokuthekelisa ubambe cishe u-8% womkhiqizo wonyaka. Kodwa-ke, umthamo wokuthekelisa eminyakeni emibili edlule ukhombise ukwehla unyaka nonyaka. Ngaphezu kokwenyuka kwesidingo sasekhaya, ubhubhane olusha lomqhele, izintela ezengeziwe ezibekwe yi-United States, kanye nokulwa nokulahlwa kwe-Indian yizizathu eziyinhloko zokwehla kokuthengiswa kwe-aniline. Imininingwane yeCustoms ikhombisa ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngo-2020 kuzoba amathani ayi-158,000, ukwehla konyaka ngonyaka ngama-21%. Amazwe amakhulu athumela ngaphandle ahlanganisa iHungary, India kanye neSpain. I-Wanhua Bosu inomshini we-MDI e-Hungary, futhi kunesidingo esithile se-aniline yasekhaya. Kodwa-ke, imboni ye-Bosu ihlela ukwandisa umthamo we-aniline kulo nyaka, futhi umthamo wasekhaya wokuthekelisa i-aniline uzophinde wehle ngaleso sikhathi.

Ngokuvamile, ukukhuphuka okubukhali kwemakethe ye-aniline kwakuqhutshwa izinzuzo eziningi mayelana nezindleko kanye nokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo. Esikhathini esifushane, imakethe ikhuphuke kakhulu futhi izingozi zokuwa noma nini; ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umfula ongezansi usekelwa ukufunwa okuphezulu kwe-MDI , Imakethe izoba nethemba eminyakeni engu-1-2 ezayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqiniswa kokuvikelwa kwemvelo yasekhaya kanye nokuphothulwa kokuhlanganiswa kwe-aniline-MDI, indawo yokuhlala yamanye amafektri izompintsha, futhi ukugxilwa kwezimboni kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke kwanda.