Ngokuvamile sikhuluma ngokunyathelisa, kuyindlela ethile yokudlulisa uyinki endaweni ethile yephepha, ukuze sifune ukuthola amagama noma ihluzo.
Amakhemikhali akha iphepha awamunci kakhulu ukukhanya kwanoma yimuphi umbala, ngakho-ke uma ukukhanya kuboniswa ebusweni bephepha futhi kungene emehlweni ethu, sikubona kumhlophe.
I-pigment noma idayi ekuyinki imunca ukukhanya okubonakalayo noma konke, ukuze kuthi lapho uyinki ifakwa ebusweni bephepha, ubuso bephepha elimhlophe bube nombala.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamaphrinta esiwasebenzisayo ekhaya noma ehhovisi amaphrinta e-inkjet kanye namaphrinta e-laser.
Ngokungafani namaphrinta e-inkjet, afutha amaconsi amancane e-inki ephepheni, amaphrinta e-laser adonsela ama-toner esigubhuni esikhanyayo bese ewadlulisela ephepheni ngendlela yokukhanga nge-electrostatic.
Kodwa-ke, irisidi aliphrintwanga ngale ndlela. Liphrintwa ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwephepha, olubizwa ngokuthi iphepha elishisayo.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nephepha elivamile, iphepha elizwela ukushisa linomphetho omncane ebusweni balo, oqukethe amakhemikhali akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi amadayi ayimfihlo.
Idayi eliyimpumputhe ngokwalo alinambala, ngakho-ke iphepha elishisayo elisanda kuthengwa libukeka limhlophe njengephepha elivamile.
Nokho, uma izimo ezifanele zifinyelelwa, ziyasabela ngamakhemikhali, futhi izinto ezintsha zimunca ukukhanya okubonakalayo, bese sibona umbala.
Izinto eziningi, njenge-crystalline violet lactone, nakuba zingenambala ngokwemvelo, ziphenduka zibe nsomi uma kukhona i-asidi.
Okusho ukuthi, uma siphrinta ephepheni elizwela ukushisa, uyinki awugcinwa kuphrinta, usuvele usephepheni.

Isithombe
Isithombe 1 I-crystalline violet lactone izoshintsha isuke ekubeni nsomi ibe nsomi uma kukhona izinto ezi-acidic, futhi izophinde ingabi nsomi uma kukhona izinto ezi-alkaline.

Kodwa amadayi angaqondakali njenge-crystallactone, asabela kalula nama-asidi, aqinile emazingeni okushisa egumbi, futhi ama-molecule avaleleke endaweni yawo.
Uma ubhekene ne-asidi nayo eqinile, ningahlala ndawonye isikhathi eside ekamelweni lokushisa, noma ngabe nisondelene kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, singathatha lawa madayi amnyama, aqinile ekamelweni lokushisa, bese sigaya okuqinile kwenye into ene-asidi kube yimpuphu ecolekile, sikuxube bese sikugcoba ebusweni bephepha, bese sithola iphepha elishisayo.
Uma izinga lokushisa legumbi liphansi, iphepha elishisayo libukeka njengephepha elivamile;
Lapho nje izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, udayi omnyama kanye ne-asidi kuyancibilika kube uketshezi, bese ama-molecule ahambayo akhululekile ehlangana futhi asabela ngokushesha, ngakho iphepha elimhlophe libonisa umbala ngokushesha.
Yilapho iphepha elizwela ukushisa lithola khona igama lalo -- lishisa ngokwanele ukushintsha umbala.
Ngephepha elishisayo, uma ufuna ukuphrinta umbhalo noma ihluzo ebusweni balo, udinga nephrinta ekhethekile, okuyiphrinta elishisayo.
Uma uke waphula iphrinta yokushisa, uzothola ukuthi ingaphakathi layo lilula kakhulu: ayikho i-cartridge yeyinki. Izingxenye eziyinhloko yidrama kanye nekhanda lokuphrinta.
Iphepha lokushisa elisetshenziselwa ukuphrinta amarisidi livame ukwenziwa ngama-roll.
Uma umqulu wephepha elishisayo ufakwa kuphrinta, uqhutshwa phambili yi-roller bese uthintana nekhanda lokuphrinta.
Kunezinto eziningi ezincane ze-semiconductor ebusweni bekhanda lokuphrinta ezifudumeza izindawo ezithile zephepha ngokwamagama noma ihluzo esifuna ukuziphrinta.
Ngesikhathi sokuxhumana kwephepha elishisayo nekhanda lokuphrinta, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elikhiqizwa ikhanda lokuphrinta lenza udayi ne-asidi ebusweni bephepha elishisayo kuncibilike ndawonye kube uketshezi futhi kusebenze ngamakhemikhali, ngaleyo ndlela ubuso bephepha bubonakala njengezinhlamvu noma ihluzo.
Iphonswa yi-roller, irisidi lokuthenga liyaphrintwa.
Isithombe
Umfanekiso 2 Umgomo wokusebenza wephrinta yokushisa: iphepha lokushisa liya phambili liqhutshwa yidrama. Uma lihlangana nekhanda lokuphrinta, ukushisa okukhiqizwa yikhanda lokuphrinta kuncibilikisa udayi kanye ne-asidi ebusweni bephepha lokushisa, bese lokhu kokubili kusabela ngamakhemikhali ukuze kukhiqize umbala.

Kungani amabhizinisi esebenzisa amaphrinta ephepha elishisayo kanye namaphrinta okushisa ukuphrinta amarisidi okuthenga, kunokuba asebenzise amaphrinta e-laser noma e-inkjet ajwayelekile?
Okokuqala, amaphrinta e-laser noma e-inkjet adinga amadivayisi ayinkimbinkimbi ukuze adlulisele uyinki noma i-toner kusuka kuphrinta aye ephepheni. Womabili amaphrinta anobukhulu obukhulu futhi ngokuvamile asebenzisa i-alternating current njengomthombo wawo wamandla.
Amabhizinisi avame ukudinga amaphrinta amancane, ikakhulukazi lapho ethengisa izimpahla ngaphandle noma kumathuluzi okuthutha njengezindiza nezitimela, ukuthwala amaphrinta asindayo ukuze kuphrintwe amarisidi kumakhasimende kusobala ukuthi akwenzeki.
Okwesibili, iphrinta ye-laser noma ye-inkjet yokufaka esikhundleni sama-cartridges e-inki noma i-toner ivame ukudla isikhathi esiningi futhi inzima, uma ibambezela ukukhokha kwamakhasimende, okuyinto engathandi ukubona ibhizinisi nabathengi.
Lezi zinkinga zingaxazululwa ngokusebenzisa amaphrinta okushisa kanye nephepha lokushisa esikhundleni samaphrinta e-laser noma i-inkjet.
Ngenxa yokuthi uyinki usuvele ugcinwe ephepheni, amaphrinta okushisa awadingi izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ukugcina nokudlulisa uyinki futhi angaba mancane kakhulu.
Iphinde inikwe amandla ebhethri, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ukuthi amabhizinisi aphathe, ikakhulukazi uma engaphandle noma esezithuthweni, ukuze aphrinte amarisidi kumakhasimende.
Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo okulula, iphrinta yokushisa nayo kulula ukuyinakekela, futhi abasebenzisi akudingeki bakhathazeke ngokushintsha amakhatriji kayinki. Bangamane bashintshe umqulu omusha wephepha lokushisa ngokushesha nje lapho iphepha seliphelile. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi amakhasimende awalahlekelwa isikhathi esiningi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isivinini sokuphrinta iphrinta eshisayo, umsindo ophansi, kufanelekile kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ezitolo ezinkulu.
Ngenxa yalezi zinzuzo, ukuphrinta okushisayo akuyona nje indlela ekhethwayo yokuphrinta amarisidi okuthenga, kodwa futhi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuphrinta amathikithi, amalebula ngisho nama-fax.
Iphepha elinozwela lokushisa nalo linephutha elikhulu, okungukuthi umbhalo kudokhumenti ephrintiwe uzonyamalala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukufiphala kwenzeka futhi ngenxa yamadayi ahlukile asetshenziswa ephepheni elishisayo.
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, udayi oyimfihlo omboza iphepha elishisayo awunambala ekamelweni lokushisa, futhi uba esinye isakhiwo esinombala ngenxa yokusabela kwamakhemikhali ekushiseni okuphezulu.
Kodwa-ke, isakhiwo esisha asizinzile kangako, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele sibuyela emuva esakhiweni saso sangaphambilini esingenambala.
Isibonelo, i-crystalline violet lactone, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, iphenduka ibe yisakhiwo esinombala lapho kukhona into ene-asidi, futhi lesi sakhiwo esinombala siphenduka sibe yisakhiwo esingenambala lapho kukhona into ene-alkaline.
Ngemva kokugcinwa kwerisidi eliphrintiwe, lingase lithintane namakhemikhali ahlukahlukene endaweni ezungezile. Lingase futhi livezwe elangeni noma emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okungabangela ukuthi udayi osephepheni elishisayo ubuyele esimweni salo esingenambala, okushintsha umbala werisidi.
Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, abakhiqizi abaningi bephepha lokushisa banezela ungqimba olwengeziwe lokuvikela phezu kongqimba lodayi ukuze kuncishiswe ukuthintana kwedayi namanye amakhemikhali futhi kwenze imibhalo ephrintiwe ephepheni lokushisa ihlale isikhathi eside.
Kodwa le ndlela izonyusa izindleko zephepha elishisayo, ngakho-ke kuzoba namabhizinisi azoqhubeka nokusebenzisa ungqimba oluvikelayo lwephepha elivamile elishisayo.
Uma ukhathazekile ngokuthi irisidi lakho lizonyamalala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuhlale kungumqondo omuhle ukukopisha noma ukuskena irisidi lakho.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iphepha elizwela ukushisa liye labangela ukukhathazeka phakathi kwabathengi abaningi ngoba liqukethe i-bisphenol A.
I-Bisphenol A iyi-asidi, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa ephepheni elizwela ukushisa lapho isabela khona kumadayi amnyama emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukuze ikhiqize umbala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-bisphenol A isetshenziswa kakhulu njengezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-A ukwenza amapulasitiki noma izembozo ezithile.
Ngakho-ke indlela eyinhloko i-BPA engena ngayo emzimbeni yilapho ubeka ukudla kulezi zitsha, inani elincane le-BPA lingena emzimbeni kanye nokudla.
Kodwa eminyakeni yamuva nje, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukuchayeka emanothini anyatheliswe ephepheni elizwela ukushisa nakho kungabangela ukuba i-BPA ingene emzimbeni.
Isibonelo, olunye ucwaningo lwamuva nje luthole ukuthi amazinga e-BPA emchameni ayanda ngemva kokuchayeka isikhathi eside ephepheni elizwela ukushisa.
Ngenxa yokuthi isakhiwo samakhemikhali se-bisphenol A sifana ne-estradiol, i-estrogen eyinhloko ekhiqizwa umzimba, kukhona ukukhathazeka ngokuthi ingase iphazamise ukukhiqizwa okuvamile kwe-endocrine futhi yandise ingozi yezifo eziningana.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi amazinga e-BPA emzimbeni ngokudla kanye nephepha lokushisa aphansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuqinisekisa imiphumela ye-BPA empilweni yabantu.
Kodwa-ke, yize i-BPA ingavinjelwe okwamanje ekukhiqizweni kwephepha lokushisa, abakhiqizi abaningi sebeqalile ukusebenzisa amanye ama-asidi esikhundleni salokho.
Uma ukhathazekile ngenani elincane le-BPA elingena ohlelweni lwakho lisuka ekuthinteni amarisidi, isinyathelo esingcono kakhulu sokugcina amarisidi ewodwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokuwathinta, nokugeza izandla zakho ngemva kokuthinta amarisidi.
Yiqiniso, ukufaka amarisidi ephepha esikhundleni salawo asebenza ngogesi kungaba nempilo futhi kube nobungane nemvelo.

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