Ukumbozwa kwamanzi kuwuhlobo lwe-viscous liquid polymer synthetic material ngaphandle kokuma okuthile ekamelweni lokushisa. Ngemuva kokumboza, i-hydrophobic coating eqinile ingakhiwa endaweni engaphansi ngokuhwamuka kwe-solvent, ukuhwamuka kwamanzi noma ukuphulukiswa kokusabela. Izembatho ezingangeni manzi zokwakhiwa zihlanganisa i-silicone engangeni manzi, i-silicone yerabha yerabha engangeni manzi, icwecwe lokungena elisekelwe kusimende elingenamanzi, ukunamathela emanzini okuvikeleka kwemvelo kwebhuloho okungangeni manzi. Amazinga okusebenza afana nokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nokungangenisi kungahlolwa ngezindlela ezithile zokuhlola.

1. Bheka ukwakha upende ongangeni manzi! Thayipha upende ongangeni manzi ukuze kwakhiwe.

I-silicone engangeni manzi iyinhlaka ye-silicone encibilika emanzini njengesisekelo sezinto, kusetshenziswa i-emulsion yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu eyenziwe ngokwakhiwa kwentonga engangeni manzi. I-silicone engangeni manzi iyimbobo engangeni manzi ye-emulsion eyenziwe nge-silicone emulsion yerabha noma enye i-emulsion njengento eyisisekelo, enamanzi, isigcwalisi sezikhali kanye nezinsiza ezihlukahlukene. I-coating inezici ezivelele zezinto ezingangeni manzi futhi ezingenamanzi, futhi inokumelana okuhle kwamanzi, ukuvuthwa, ukwakheka kwefilimu, ukunwebeka, ukuvala uphawu, ukunwetshwa kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphansi.

2. I-silicon yenjoloba engangeni manzi enamathela

I-Rubber engangenwa amanzi iwuhlobo lokumbozwa kwamanzi okusekelwe emanzini ne-silicone emulsion yerabha kanye nezinye izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-emulsion njengemishini eyinhloko, enezela isigcwalisi esingaphili, i-crosslinking agent, i-catalyst, i-ejenti yokuqinisa, i-defoamer nezinye izithasiselo zamakhemikhali. Umkhiqizo unokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokubili okuhlanganisiwe okungangeni manzi kanye nokugcwala okungangeni manzi, okunokumelana namanzi, ukuvuthwa, ukwakheka kwefilimu, ukuqina, ukuvala uphawu kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphansi. Ukuguquguquka kwesisekelo sokuguquguquka kunamandla, kujulile kusisekelo, futhi inhlanganisela yesisekelo iqinile. Ukugaya ubunjiniyela, ukupholisha, ukufutha kulula, isivinini sokwenza ifilimu siyashesha. Ingasetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo esimanzi, okungewona ubuthi, okunganambitheki, okungashi, okuphephile futhi okuthembekile, okunemibala ehlukahlukene yopende ongangeni manzi, kulula ukuyinakekela. I-silicone yenjoloba engangeni manzi iwuhlobo lwe-emulsion engangeni manzi emanzini njengendlela yokuhlakazeka. Ngemuva kokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi nokuqina, ama-polymer compounds anesakhiwo senethiwekhi akhiwa. Ngemuva kokuthi ingaphezulu lesendlalelo ngasinye sesisekelo simbozwe nge-coating engangeni manzi, ukuminyana kwezinhlayiyana kuyanda futhi uketshezi luyalahleka ngokungena nokuhwamuka kwamanzi. Njengoba inqubo yokomisa iqhubeka, amanzi amaningi alahlekile futhi izinhlayiya ze-emulsion zithinta kancane kancane futhi zifinyele. Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-crosslinking kanye ne-catalyst, ukusabela kwe-crosslinking kwenziwa, futhi ekugcineni kwakhiwa ifilimu eqhubekayo yenjoloba efanayo neminyene.

Ngokuthuthukiswa kwezingubo zemvelo ezingangeni manzi, izimbotshana ezingangeni manzi zezikhali nazo ziyathuthuka. Njengamanje, izimbotshana ezingangeni manzi seziphenduke isizinda socwaningo. Ingenye yezinto okugxilwe kuzo ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto zemvelo ekhulwini lama-21.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezingubo zokuvikela amanzi zezikhali: izigqoko zokuvikela amanzi ezimboziwe kanye nezingubo zokuvikela amanzi ezicwebezelayo.

1. Enqubweni yokufaka isicelo sobunjiniyela kanye nokuthuthukiswa, kukhuthazwa okokuqala ukusebenzisa i-cement-based penetrant crystalline coating engangeni manzi ukuze ingangeni manzi indawo engaphakathi yesakhiwo. Ikakhulukazi ilungele izitshalo zokukhuculula indle, amadamu okuhlala ngaphezulu kanye namanye amaphrojekthi afanayo.

Kusukela ngawo-1960, njengendlela ephumelelayo yokuvimbela amanzi ngemuva kwezakhiwo zekhonkrithi (indlela yokuvimbela amanzi yangaphakathi), i-cement-based penetrant crystalline waterproofing coating iye yandisa kancane kancane izinhlobonhlobo zayo futhi yangena emkhakheni omusha wokufaka isicelo kunjiniyela wokwakha. Njengamanje, izigqoko zekristalu ezingangeni manzi ezisekelwe kusimende zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezakhiweni ezingaphansi komhlaba zezakhiwo zezimboni nezabantu, ujantshi wezokuthutha umphakathi, ukugandaywa kwamabhuloho, izimboni zamanzi okuphuza, izimboni zokukhuculula indle, iziteshi zikagesi, izikhungo zamandla enuzi, amaphrojekthi wokonga amanzi nokunye. amasimu. Ukungena kahle, ukunamathela okuqinile, ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi, okungenangozi emzimbeni womuntu, ukwakhiwa okulula.

2. Ukufakwa emanzini kwebhuloho elivikela imvelo elisekelwe emanzini kuwuhlobo olusha lwebhuloho elingangeni manzi, elinezinzuzo zokuncibilika okuhle kwamanzi, okungewona ubuthi, okungangcoli, amandla ebhondi aphezulu, ukunwebeka okuhle, ububanzi obubanzi bokushisa okuphezulu nokuphansi. , intengo ephansi, njll. Lo mkhiqizo wenziwe nge-asphalt yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-petroleum njengento eyisisekelo, impahla ye-polymer yerabha njengesilungisi namanzi njengesisetshenziswa. Ikhiqizwa yi-catalyst, cross-linking, emulsification kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe, obushintsha inqubo yokukhiqiza yendabuko.

3. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko: Isilinganiso se-insulation material ar polymer emulsion kuya kusimende singalungiswa ukuze sihlangabezane nezimfuneko zokuguquguquka namandla amaphrojekthi ahlukene, futhi indlela yokwakha ilula. Lolu hlobo lokumboza olungangenwa amanzi lusebenzisa amanzi njengesihlakazeka ukuze kuxazululwe ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kanye nokulimala empilweni yomuntu yento encibilikisiwe engenamanzi njengetiyela netiyela. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, iye yathuthuka ngokushesha ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe futhi isibe inkanyezi ekhulayo ezintweni ezingangeni manzi.

4. I-silicone acrylic yangaphandle enamathela odongeni I-silicone yangaphandle yodonga Isifinyezo se-silicone yodonga lwangaphandle lwe-acrylic. Kuwudonga olusha lwezinga eliphezulu lwangaphandle olunokumelana nesimo sezulu esiqinile (impilo yesevisi engaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10) kanye nokungcola okunamandla. Isetshenziswa kabanzi njengendlela yokuvikela amanzi. Upende we-latex awunabo ubuthi, awungcolisi imvelo futhi awunangozi emzimbeni womuntu. Izinto zokwakha ezihlangabezana nezidingo zamanje zemvelo ziyimikhiqizo yokufaka esikhundleni sezingubo. Indlela yokuhlola ye-Polyurethane engenamanzi yokuhlola 1.

1. Ukukhiqiza. Amathuluzi wokupholisha wokuhlola: izifanekiso zokugqoka; Ibhokisi lokomisa umoya kagesi: ukulawula ukunemba 2.

2. Isigaba sokuhlola:

(1) Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, izifutho, amathuluzi nopende kufanele kubekwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokuhlola isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angama-24.

(2) Linganisa inani lesampula elidingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukujiya kokugcina kokunamathela (1.50.2) mm.

(3) Qasha insiza yokuhlola eyodwa ukuze uhlanganise upende ongashi ngokulinganayo, ukale kahle upende ongashi uketshezi oluningi ngokwemithetho yomkhiqizi, bese uhlanganisa okokusebenza kokuhlola ngokulinganayo. Ngokwesidingo, inani le-diluent lingaba inani elishiwo umenzi, futhi uma inani le-diluent likububanzi, inani eliphakathi lingasetshenziswa.

(4) Ngemuva kokuthi umkhiqizo uxutshwe, hlanganisa ngokugcwele imizuzu engu-5, uthele ebhokisini lokuxhumana ukuze ugweme ukuxuba ama-bubbles. Uhlaka lwesikhunta ngeke lukhubaze futhi ingaphezulu libushelelezi. Ukuze kube lula ukulahleka kwezinwele, ungaphatha kuqala nge-ejenti yokususa izinwele ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo. Ngokwezidingo zomkhiqizi, isampula kufanele ipendwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa (kuze kube izikhathi ezi-3), isikhawu ngasinye singeqi ku-24h. Ubuso kufanele bulinganiswe okokugcina bese belapheka.

(5) Izimo zokuphulukisa zokulungiselela ukugqoka: ukudilizwa ngesikhathi esifanele njengoba kudingeka, futhi ngemva kokudilizwa, ukugqoka kuyaphendulwa ukuze kuphulukiswe ukuze kugwenywe inqubo yokudiliza. Ukugqoka okungabhubhisi. Ukuze kube lula demoulding, kungenziwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi, kodwa izinga lokushisa demoulding akufanele kube eliphansi kunokushisa okuphansi nezimo lokushisa.

2. Ukuhlolwa kokungakwazi ukungena emanzini.

1. Ithuluzi lokuhlola: imitha yokungakwazi ukungena emanzini; Imbobo ingu-0.2 mm. Izinyathelo zokuhlola:

(1) Sika ama-specimens amathathu acishe abe ngu-(150150)mm, uwabeke amahora angu-2 ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokuhlola, ugcwalise idivayisi ngamanzi ezingeni lokushisa elingu-(235), futhi awuwufaki ngokuphelele umoya ocingweni.

(2) Beka isifanekiso epuletini elikwazi ukungena, engeza insimbi enosayizi ofanayo kusampula, umboze ipuleti lokuqala elinezimbobo ezingu-7, bese ubamba kancane kuze kube yilapho isifanekiso siboshelwa epuletini. Yomisa indawo engathinteki ye-reagent ngendwangu noma umoya ocindezelwe futhi usebenzise kancane ukucindezela kungcindezi ecacisiwe.

(3) Ngemva kokufinyelela ingcindezi ethile, gcina ingcindezi (302) min. Ukungena kwamanzi kwesampula kubonwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa (ukwehla okungazelelwe komfutho wamanzi noma amanzi endaweni engabhekanga yesampula).

Indlela yokuhlola yokuhlanganisa i-polymer engangeni manzi:

I. Isampula kanye nokulungiswa kwesampula. Kala inani elifanele lezinto eziwuketshezi neziqinile zesampula, uzibeke ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlola ezijwayelekile ngokwengxenye eshiwo umenzi, imizuzu emi-5, unyakazise imizuzu emi-5, uziyeke zime imizuzu engu-1 kuye kwemi-3 ukuze unciphise amabhamuza, uwathele ohlakeni lokubunjwa lokumboza olucaciswe ku-"Polyurethane Waterproof Coating Method" yokumboza. Ukuze kube lula ukukhululwa, ubuso befilimu bungaphathwa nge-ejenti yokukhululwa. Isampula simbozwe kabili noma kathathu ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, futhi ukumbozwa kokugcina kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokuba okokumbozwa kwangaphambili komile, futhi isikhathi sokuphumula sokudlula okubili ngu (12 ~ 24) h, ukuze ubukhulu besampula bufinyelele ( 1.5±0.50) mm. Ingaphezulu lesampula lokugcina elimboziwe likwalwe ukuthi libe yisicaba, lishiywe amahora angama-96 ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, bese lingabunjwa. Isampula elidiliziwe laphathwa kuhhavini owomisa (40±2) ℃ ohlangothini phezulu amahora angama-48, bese lifakwa endaweni yokomisa ukuze liphole ekamelweni lokushisa.

Ukuhlolwa kokungakwazi ukungena kwamanzi okubili

Isampula elungisiwe yasikwa yaba izingcezu ezi-3 (150 × 150mm) ngemuva kokwelashwa, futhi yahlolwa ngokuya ngamathuluzi okuhlola anqunyiwe nezindlela zokuhlola ukungakwazi ukungena emanzini. Ingcindezi yokuhlola yayingu-0.3MPa futhi ingcindezi yagcinwa i-30min.

Izinga lokuhlola lokwakha okunamathelayo okungangeni manzi

1. I-Extensibility Extensibility ikakhulukazi ukwenza zonke izinhlobo zokumbozwa kwamanzi zibe nekhono elithile lokuzivumelanisa nokuguquguquka kwesendlalelo sesisekelo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe umphumela wokungangeni kwamanzi.

2. Ukuguquguquka kokushisa okuphansi Ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu kuzokwenza ukugeleza kwepende, izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu lizokwenza upende uqhekeke, ngakho-ke ukuguquguquka okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa nakho kuyinkomba eyisisekelo yopende.

3. I-Impermeability Ezinkampanini eziphezulu eziyishumi zezingubo zokugqoka ezingenawo amanzi, ukungangenisi wukusebenza okubaluleke kakhulu. Uma izidingo zekhwalithi zingenakufinyelelwa, kuzoba nokuvuza okuqondile kwesendlalelo esingangeni manzi ngemva kokuqedwa.

4. Okuqukethwe okuqinile Okuqukethwe okuqinile kubhekisela kwikhwalithi yesigaba esiqinile ezingxenyeni ze-slurry, okuyingxenye eyinhloko eyenza ifilimu yezingubo ezihlukahlukene ezingangeni manzi. Uma okuqukethwe okuqinile kopende kuphansi kakhulu, ikhwalithi yefilimu inzima ukuqinisekiswa.

5. Ukumelana nokushisa ngaphansi kwezimo eziphakeme kakhulu zomkhathi ehlobo, izinga lokushisa lophahla lwepende ye-rock sheet lingafinyelela ku-70 ° C, uma ukumelana nokushisa kopende kungaphansi kuka-80 ° C, futhi akunakekelwa i-5. amahora, khona-ke ifilimu izokhiqiza ukugeleza, amabhamuza kanye nezigigaba ezishelelayo, ezithinta umphumela wokungangeni kwamanzi.