Ukugqoka okungangeni manzi uhlobo lwezinto zokwenziwa ze-polymer ezinamathelayo ezingenasimo esithile ekushiseni kwegumbi. Ngemva kokugqoka, ukugqoka okuqinile okungangeni manzi kungakhiwa ebusweni besisekelo ngokuhwamuka kwe-solvent, ukuhwamuka kwamanzi noma ukwelapha ukusabela. Ukugqoka okungangeni manzi okwakha kufaka phakathi ukugqoka okungangeni manzi kwe-silicone, ukugqoka okungangeni manzi kwerabha ye-silicone, ukugqoka okungangeni manzi kwekristalu okusekelwe kusimende, ukugqoka okungangeni manzi kwebhuloho lokuvikela imvelo okusekelwe emanzini. Izindinganiso zokusebenza ezifana nokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nokungangeni manzi zingahlolwa ngezindlela ezithile zokuhlola.

1. Bheka upende ongangeni manzi wokwakha! Uhlobo 1 lopende ongangeni manzi wokwakha.

Isembozo esingangeni manzi se-silicone siyi-resini ye-silicone encibilikayo emanzini njengesisekelo, sisebenzisa i-emulsion yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu eyenziwe ngesembozo esingangeni manzi sokwakha. Isembozo esingangeni manzi se-silicone siyisembozo esingangeni manzi se-emulsion esenziwe nge-emulsion yerabha ye-silicone noma enye i-emulsion njengesisekelo, enamanzi, isigcwalisi sezikhali kanye nezinye izinto ezisizayo. Isembozo sinezici ezivelele zezinto ezingangeni manzi nezingenamanzi, futhi sinokumelana kahle kwamanzi, ukungena kwamanzi, ukwakheka kwefilimu, ukuguquguquka, ukuvala, ukunwebeka kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphansi.

2. I-silicon engangeni manzi yerabha ye-silicon

Isembozo esingangeni manzi serabha uhlobo lwesembozo esingangeni manzi esisekelwe emanzini esine-silicone rubber emulsion kanye nenye i-emulsion complex njengemishini eyinhloko, enezela i-inorganic filler, i-crosslinking agent, i-catalyst, i-reinforcement agent, i-defoamer kanye nezinye izithako zamakhemikhali. Lo mkhiqizo usebenza kahle kakhulu kokubili isembozo esingangeni manzi esihlanganisiwe kanye nesembozo esingangeni manzi esigcwele, esinokumelana namanzi, ukuvuleka, ukwakheka kwefilimu, ukunwebeka, ukuvala kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphansi. Ukuzivumelanisa nokuguquguquka kwesisekelo kuqinile, kujule esisekelweni, futhi inhlanganisela yesisekelo iqinile. Ukugaya ngobunjiniyela, ukupholisha, ukufafaza kulula, isivinini sokwenza ifilimu siyashesha. Ingasetshenziswa ekwakheni isisekelo esimanzi, ayinabuthi, ayinambitheki, ayishi, iphephile futhi ithembekile, enemibala ehlukahlukene yopende ongangeni manzi, okulula ukuyinakekela. Isembozo esingangeni manzi serabha se-silicone uhlobo lwesembozo esingangeni manzi se-emulsion enamanzi njengendawo yokuhlakazeka. Ngemuva kokuphelelwa amanzi nokuqina, kwakheka ama-polymer compounds anesakhiwo senethiwekhi. Ngemva kokuba ubuso besendlalelo ngasinye sesisekelo simbozwe ngesembozo esingangeni manzi, ubuningi bezinhlayiya buyanda futhi ukugeleza kuyalahleka ngokungena nokuhwamuka kwamanzi. Njengoba inqubo yokomisa iqhubeka, amanzi amaningi ayalahleka futhi izinhlayiya ze-emulsion ziyaxhumana kancane kancane futhi zijiye. Ngaphansi kwesenzo sokuxhumanisa kanye ne-catalyst, kwenziwa ukusabela kokuxhumanisa, kwathi ekugcineni kwakheka ifilimu eqhubekayo yerabha ehlanganisiwe neqinile.

Ngokuthuthuka kwezingubo zokuvikela ezingangeni manzi eziphilayo, izingubo zokuvikela ezingangeni manzi zezikhali nazo ziyathuthuka. Njengamanje, izingubo zokuvikela ezingangeni manzi ezingaphili seziyindawo yokucwaninga. Kungenye yezinto ezigxile ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto zemvelo ekhulwini lama-21.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezingubo zokuvikela amanzi zezikhali: izingubo zokuvikela amanzi ezimboziwe kanye nezingubo zokuvikela amanzi ezicwebezelayo ezicwebezelayo.

1. Enkambisweni yokusetshenziswa nokuthuthukiswa kobunjiniyela, kukhuthazwa okokuqala ukusebenzisa ungqimba olungangeni manzi olusekelwe kusimende ukuze lungangeni manzi ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo. Kufanelekile kakhulu ezitshalweni zokuhlanza indle, ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi angaphezulu kanye neminye imisebenzi efanayo.

Kusukela ngawo-1960, njengendlela ephumelelayo yokuvimbela amanzi ngemuva kwezakhiwo zekhonkrithi (indlela yokuvimbela amanzi ngaphakathi), ukugqoka kokuvikela amanzi okusekelwe kusimende okusekelwe kusimende kuye kwanda kancane kancane ukuhlukahluka kwayo futhi kwangena emkhakheni omusha wokusetshenziswa kobunjiniyela bokwakha. Njengamanje, ukugqoka kokuvikela amanzi okusekelwe kusimende okusekelwe kusimende okuvunyelwe amanzi kuye kwasetshenziswa kabanzi ezakhiweni ezingaphansi komhlaba zezakhiwo zezimboni nezomphakathi, izitimela zezokuthutha zomphakathi, ukugandaywa kwamabhuloho, izitshalo zamanzi okuphuza, izitshalo zokuhlanza indle, iziteshi zamandla kagesi, izitshalo zamandla enuzi, amaphrojekthi okugcina amanzi kanye neminye imikhakha. Ukungena kwamanzi okuhle, ukunamathela okuqinile, ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi, okungenangozi emzimbeni womuntu, ukwakhiwa okulula.

2. Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kwebhuloho elingangeni manzi okusekelwe emanzini kuwuhlobo olusha lokufakwa kwamanzi okungangeni manzi kwebhuloho, olunezinzuzo zokuncibilika kwamanzi okuhle, okungenabo ubuthi, okungenakungcola, amandla aphezulu esibopho, ukuqina okuhle, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu neliphansi, intengo ephansi, njll. Lo mkhiqizo wenziwe nge-asphalt kaphethiloli esezingeni eliphezulu njengezinto eziyisisekelo, izinto ze-polymer yerabha njenge-modifier kanye namanzi njenge-medium. Ukhiqizwa nge-catalyst, i-cross-linking, i-emulsification kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe, okushintsha inqubo yokukhiqiza yendabuko.

3. Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko: Isilinganiso sezinto zokuvikela umswakama kanye ne-polymer emulsion kanye ne-simende singalungiswa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuguquguquka kanye namandla amaphrojekthi ahlukene, futhi indlela yokwakha ilula. Lolu hlobo lokugqoka olungangeni manzi lusebenzisa amanzi njengesihlanzi ukuxazulula ukungcola kwemvelo kanye nokulimala empilweni yabantu kokugqoka okungangeni manzi okusekelwe ku-solvent njenge-tar ne-asphalt. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ithuthuke ngokushesha ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe futhi isibe inkanyezi ekhulayo ezintweni ezingangeni manzi.

4. Ukufakwa kodonga olungaphandle lwe-silicone acrylic Ukufakwa kodonga olungaphandle lwe-silicone kuyisifinyezo sokufakwa kodonga olungaphandle lwe-silicone acrylic. Kuyi-coating entsha yodonga olungaphandle olusezingeni eliphezulu enokumelana nesimo sezulu okuqinile (isikhathi senkonzo esingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10) kanye nokungcola okunamandla. Isetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-coating engangeni manzi. Upende we-latex awunabo ubuthi, awunangcolisi emvelweni futhi awunangozi emzimbeni womuntu. Izinto zokwakha ezihlangabezana nezidingo zamanje zemvelo ziyimikhiqizo yokufaka esikhundleni se-coating. Indlela yokuhlola ye-polyurethane engangeni manzi 1.

1. Ukukhiqiza. Hlola amathuluzi okupholisha: amathempulethi okumboza; Ibhokisi lokumisa umoya kagesi: ukunemba kokulawula 2.

2. Isigaba sokuhlola:

(1) Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, izimbobo, amathuluzi kanye nopende kufanele kubekwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokuhlola isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angama-24.

(2) Linganisa inani lesampula elidingekayo ukuqinisekisa ukujiya kokugcina kokumboza (1.50.2) mm.

(3) Qasha into eyodwa yokuhlola ukuze uxube upende ongashi ngokulinganayo, ulinganise kahle upende ongashi onama-multi-liquid ngokwemithetho yomenzi, bese uxuba into yokuhlola ngokulinganayo. Ngokwesidingo, inani le-diluent lingaba inani elichazwe umenzi, futhi uma inani le-diluent lisebangeni elithile, inani eliphakathi lingasetshenziswa.

(4) Ngemva kokuba umkhiqizo usuxutshwe, hlanganisa ngokugcwele imizuzu emi-5, uthele ebhokisini lokuxhumana ukuze ugweme ukuxuba amabhamuza. Uhlaka lwesikhunta ngeke luguquke futhi ubuso bubushelelezi. Ukuze kube lula ukulahleka kwezinwele, ungaqala ngokwelapha nge-ejenti yokususa izinwele ngaphambi kokufaka. Ngokwezidingo zomenzi, isampula kufanele ipendwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa (kuze kube izikhathi ezi-3), kanti isikhathi ngasinye singadluli amahora angama-24. Ubuso kufanele bulinganiswe okokugcina bese buphola.

(5) Izimo zokupholisa zokulungiselela ukugqoka: ukususwa ngesikhathi esifanele njengoba kudingeka, futhi ngemva kokususwa, ukugqoka kuyaphendulwa ukuze kulungiswe ukuze kugwenywe inqubo yokususwa. Ukugqoka okungonakalisi. Ukuze kube lula ukususwa, kungenziwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi, kodwa izinga lokushisa lokususwa akufanele libe ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliguquguqukayo eliphansi.

2. Ukuhlolwa kokungaphephi.

1. Ithuluzi lokuhlola: imitha yokungangeni kwamanzi; Umgodi wokuvula ungu-0.2 mm. Izinyathelo zokuhlola:

(1) Sika amasampula amathathu angaba ngu-(150150)mm, uwabeke amahora ama-2 ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlola ezijwayelekile, ugcwalise idivayisi ngamanzi ekushiseni okungu-(235), bese ususa ngokuphelele umoya kudivayisi.

(2) Beka isampula epuletini elingenela amanzi, engeza i-mesh yensimbi enobukhulu obufanayo kusampula, umboze ipuleti yokuqala enezimbobo ezi-7, bese ubamba kancane kancane kuze kube yilapho isampula ibambekile epuletini. Yomisa indawo engathintani ne-reagent ngendwangu noma umoya ocindezelwe bese ufaka ingcindezi kancane kancane kungcindezi ecacisiwe.

(3) Ngemva kokufinyelela ingcindezi ecacisiwe, gcina ingcindezi imizuzu (302). Ukugeleza kwamanzi kwesampula kuyabonakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa (ukwehla okungazelelwe kwengcindezi yamanzi noma amanzi endaweni engabheki yesampula).

Indlela yokuhlola ukumbozwa okungangeni manzi kwe-polymer:

I. Isampula kanye nokulungiselela isampula. Kala inani elifanele lezingxenye eziwuketshezi neziqinile zesampula, uzibeke ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlola ezijwayelekile ngokwesilinganiso esichazwe umenzi, imizuzu emi-5, uvuselele ngomshini imizuzu emi-5, uzivumele zime imizuzu eyi-1 kuya kwemi-3 ukuze unciphise amabhamuza, bese uzithela ohlakeni lwesikhunta sokufaka oluchazwe ku-"Polyurethane Waterproof Coating Test Method" yokufaka. Ukuze kube lula ukukhululwa, ubuso befilimu bungaphathwa nge-ejenti yokukhulula. Isampula igqokwa kabili noma kathathu ngesikhathi sokulungiselela, kanti ukugqoka kokugcina kufanele kwenziwe ngemva kokuba ukugqoka kokuqala komile, futhi isikhathi sokuphumula salezi zinto ezimbili singamahora angu-12 ~ 24, ukuze ubukhulu besampula bufinyelele ku-(1.5 ± 0.50) mm. Ubuso besampula yokugcina egqokiwe bukhuhlwa bucwebezeliswa, bushiywe amahora angama-96 ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, bese bungabunjwa. Isampula ekhishwe yaphathwa kuhhavini wokomisa ohlangothini (40 ± 2) ℃ phezulu amahora angama-48, bese ifakwa emshinini wokomisa ukuze iphole kuze kufike ekushiseni kwegumbi.

ukuhlolwa kokungangenwa kwamanzi okubili

Isampula elungisiwe yasikwa yaba izingcezu ezintathu (150×150mm) ngemva kokulungiswa, futhi yahlolwa ngokwezinto zokuhlola ezibekiwe kanye nezindlela zokuhlola ukungangenwa kwamanzi. Ingcindezi yokuhlola yayingu-0.3MPa futhi ingcindezi yagcinwa imizuzu engama-30.

Izinga lokuhlola lokwakha izembozo ezingangeni manzi

1. Ukwandisa Ukwandisa ngokuyinhloko ukwenza zonke izinhlobo zokugqoka okungangeni manzi zibe nekhono elithile lokuzivumelanisa nokuguquguquka kwesendlalelo sesisekelo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe umphumela wokuvimbela amanzi.

2. Ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi Ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu kuzokwenza upende ugeleze, izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu lizokwenza upende uqhekeke, ngakho-ke ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi nakho kuyisibonakaliso esiyisisekelo sopende.

3. Ukungangeni manzi Emikhiqizweni eyishumi ephezulu yokumbozwa okungangeni manzi, ukungangeni manzi yikona ukusebenza okubaluleke kakhulu. Uma izidingo zekhwalithi zingenakufezwa, kuzoba nokuvuza okuqondile kwengqimba engangeni manzi ngemva kokuqedwa.

4. Okuqukethwe okuqinile Okuqukethwe okuqinile kubhekisela kwikhwalithi yesigaba esiqinile ezingxenyeni ze-slurry, okuyiyona nto eyinhloko eyakha ifilimu yezingubo ezahlukahlukene ezingangeni manzi. Uma okuqukethwe okuqinile kopende kuphansi kakhulu, ikhwalithi yefilimu kunzima ukuyiqinisekisa.

5. Ukumelana nokushisa ngaphansi kwezimo zomkhathi eziphakeme kakhulu ehlobo, izinga lokushisa lophahla lwepende leshidi ledwala lingafinyelela ku-70 ° C, uma ukumelana nokushisa kwepende kungaphansi kuka-80 ° C, futhi kungagcinwa amahora ama-5, ifilimu izokhiqiza ukugeleza, amabhamuza kanye nezimo ezishelelayo, ezithinta umphumela wokungangeni manzi.