Ezinyangeni ezimbili ezedlule, ukuwohloka okusheshayo kwegagasi lesibili lobhubhane olusha lomqhele e-India kube umcimbi osezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu ekulweni nalolu bhubhane emhlabeni jikelele. Umqedazwe odla ubhedu ubangele ukuba amafekthri amaningi eNdiya avale, futhi izinkampani eziningi zakuleli nezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zisenkingeni.

Lolu bhubhane luyaqhubeka nokuba lubi kakhulu, izimboni eziningi eNdiya ziyathinteka

Ukusabalala ngokushesha kwalolu bhubhane kuye kwasiqeda isimiso sezokwelapha saseNdiya. Abantu abashisa izidumbu emapaki, ngasosebeni lweGanges, nasemigwaqweni bayashaqisa. Njengamanje, ngaphezu kwengxenye yohulumeni basekhaya eNdiya bakhethe "ukuvala idolobha", ukukhiqizwa nokuphila kumisiwe ngokulandelana, futhi izimboni eziningi zezinsika eNdiya nazo zibhekene nemithelela emibi.

I-Surat itholakala eGujarat, eNdiya. Iningi labantu edolobheni lenza imisebenzi ehlobene nezindwangu. Lolu bhubhane lushubile, futhi i-India isebenzise amazinga ahlukahlukene wezinyathelo zokuvimba. Abanye abathengisi bezindwangu zaseSurat bathi ibhizinisi labo lehliswe cishe ngo-90%.

Umthengisi wezindwangu wase-Indian Surat Dinesh Kataria: Kukhona abathengisi bezindwangu abangama-65,000 e-Surat. Uma kubalwa ngokwenani elimaphakathi, imboni yendwangu ye-Surat ilahlekelwa okungenani ama-US$48 wezigidi ngosuku.

Isimo samanje se-Surat siyi-microcosm yemboni yendwangu yaseNdiya, futhi yonke imboni yendwangu yaseNdiya ibhekene nokwehla ngokushesha. Ukuqubuka kwesibili kwalolu bhubhane kuphakamise isidingo esinamandla sezingubo ngemuva kokukhululeka kwemisebenzi yezomnotho yaphesheya kwezilwandle, futhi inani elikhulu lama-oda endwangu aseYurophu naseMelika adluliselwe.

Kusukela ngo-Ephreli wonyaka odlule kuya kuNdasa walo nyaka, ukuthengiswa kwendwangu nezingubo zase-India kwehle ngo-12.99% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, kusuka ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-33.85 zamadola aseMelika kuya ku-29.45 wamadola aseMelika. Phakathi kwazo, ukuthengiswa kwezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwehle ngo-20.8%, kwathi ukuthunyelwa kwendwangu kwamanye amazwe kwehle ngo-6.43%.

Ngaphandle kwemboni yendwangu, imboni yomakhalekhukhwini baseNdiya nayo ishayekile. Ngokwemibiko yabezindaba yakwamanye amazwe, bangaphezulu kwekhulu abasebenzi basembonini yaseFoxconn eNdiya okutholwe ukuthi banaleli gciwane. Njengamanje, ukukhiqizwa kwezingcingo eziphathwayo ze-Apple ezicutshungulwe yifektri kwehliswe ngaphezu kwama-50%.

Imboni ye-OPPO eNdiya nayo yamisa ukukhiqiza ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo. Ukubhebhetheka kwalolu bhubhane kubangele ukwehla ngokushesha kwamandla okukhiqiza amafekthri amaningi omakhalekhukhwini eNdiya, futhi izinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi zokukhiqiza ziye zamiswa ngokulandelana.

I-India inesihloko esithi “Imboni Yemithi Yomhlaba” futhi ikhiqiza cishe ama-20% emithi ejwayelekile yomhlaba. Impahla yayo eluhlaza iyisixhumanisi esibalulekile kulo lonke uchungechunge lwemboni yezemithi exhumene kakhulu nomfula okhuphukayo kanye nowehla nomfula. Ubhadane olusha lomqhele luholele ekwehleni okukhulu kwezinga lokusebenza kwezimboni zaseNdiya, futhi izinga lokusebenza labaxhumanisi bezokwelapha baseNdiya kanye nezinkampani ze-API licishe libe ngama-30%.

“Iviki Lebhizinisi LaseJalimane” lisanda kubika ukuthi ngenxa yezinyathelo ezinkulu zokuvala izikhala, izinkampani ezithaka imithi sezivaliwe, kanti ukuthengwa kwezidakamizwa zaseNdiya ezithunyelwa e-Europe nakwezinye izifunda njengamanje kusesimweni sokuwa.

Ekujuleni obishini lwalolu bhubhane. Uyini umnyombo we-“hypoxia” yaseNdiya?

Okukhathaza kakhulu ngaleli gagasi lobhubhane eNdiya ukuthi inani elikhulu labantu lafa ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo. Abantu abaningi bafola ukuze bathole umoya-mpilo, futhi kwakukhona ngisho nenkundla yezifundazwe ezaziqhudelana nge-oxygen.

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, abantu baseNdiya bebefuna ama-oximeters. Kungani i-India, eyaziwa njengezwe elikhulu elikhiqizayo, ingakwazi ukukhiqiza umoya-mpilo nama-oximeter adingwa abantu? Mkhulu kangakanani umthelela wezomnotho walolu bhubhane eNdiya? Ingabe izophazamisa ukusimama komnotho womhlaba?

Umoya-mpilo akunzima ukuwukhiqiza. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, i-India ingakhiqiza amathani angaphezu kuka-7,000 omoya-mpilo ngosuku. Lapho ubhubhane luhlasela, ingxenye enkulu yomoya-mpilo owakhiqizwa ekuqaleni ayizange isetshenziselwe izibhedlela. Izinkampani eziningi zaseNdiya zazingenalo ikhono lokushintshela ekukhiqizeni ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iNdiya yayingenayo inhlangano kazwelonke yokuhlela umoya-mpilo. Amandla okukhiqiza nezokuthutha, kukhona ukushoda komoyampilo.

Ngokuqondana nje, abezindaba basanda kubika ukuthi i-India ibhekene nokushoda kwama-pulse oximeters. Ama-98% ama-oximeter akhona angenisiwe. Leli thuluzi elincane elisetshenziselwa ukukala okuqukethwe kwe-oxygen egazini le-arterial yesiguli akunzima ukukhiqiza, kodwa ukukhishwa kwe-India akukwazi ukwanda ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamandla okukhiqiza izinsiza ezihlobene nezinto zokusetshenziswa.

UDing Yifan, umcwaningi we-World Development Research Institute ye-Development Research Centre yoMkhandlu Wombuso: Uhlelo lwezimboni zaseNdiya luntula izinsiza ezisekelayo, ikakhulukazi ikhono lokushintsha. Lapho lezi zinkampani zihlangabezana nezimo ezikhethekile futhi zidinga ukuguqula uchungechunge lwezimboni zokukhiqiza, azikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo.

Uhulumeni waseNdiya akakayiboni inkinga yokukhiqiza okuntekenteke. Ngo-2011, imboni yezokukhiqiza yase-India yafinyelela cishe ku-16% we-GDP. Uhulumeni wase-India wethule ngokulandelana izinhlelo zokwandisa isabelo sokukhiqiza ku-GDP siye ku-22% ngo-2022. Ngokwedatha evela ku-Indian Brand Equity Foundation, leli sabelo lizohlala lingashintshile ngo-2020, kuphela u-17%.

U-Liu Xiaoxue, ongumcwaningi ohlangene e-Institute of Asia-Pacific and Global Strategy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, uthe ukukhiqizwa kwesimanje kuwuhlelo olukhulu, futhi umhlaba, abasebenzi, nengqalasizinda kuyizimo ezidingekayo ezisekelayo. U-70% womhlaba waseNdiya ungowabantu abazimele, futhi inzuzo yabantu ayizange iguqulwe ibe inzuzo yabasebenzi. Phakathi nalolu bhubhane olunamandla, uhulumeni waseNdiya wasebenzisa amandla ezezimali, okwaholela ekwenyukeni kwezikweletu zangaphandle.

Umbiko wakamuva we-International Monetary Fund ukhombisa ukuthi “i-India inenani eliphakeme kakhulu lesikweletu kuzo zonke izimakethe ezisafufusa”.

Ezinye izazi zezomnotho zilinganisela ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho e-India kwamasonto onke njengamanje kufinyelela ku-4 billion wamadola aseMelika. Uma lolu bhubhane lungalawuleki, lungase lubhekane ne-5.5 billion yamadola aseMelika ekulahlekeni komnotho isonto ngalinye.

URahul Bagalil, iChief Indian Economist eBarclays Bank e-United Kingdom: Uma singalawuli lo bhubhane noma igagasi lesibili lobhubhane, lesi simo sizoqhubeka kuze kube nguJulayi noma u-Agasti, futhi ukulahleka kuzokwanda ngokulinganayo futhi kungase kusondele Cishe ezigidini ezingama-90. Amadola aseMelika (cishe ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-580).

Kusukela ngo-2019, isikali se-India sokungenisa nokuthekelisa sisonke sabalelwa ku-2.1% kuphela wengqikithi yomhlaba, ngaphansi kakhulu kuneminye iminotho emikhulu njenge-China, i-European Union, ne-United States.