Ezinyangeni ezimbili ezedlule, ukuwohloka okusheshayo kwegagasi lesibili lobhubhane olusha lomqhele eNdiya kube yisenzakalo esivelele kakhulu ekulweni komhlaba wonke nalolu bhubhane. Ubhubhane oludlangile lubangele ukuthi amafektri amaningi eNdiya avalwe, kanti izinkampani eziningi zasendaweni kanye nezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zisenkingeni.

Ubhubhane luyaqhubeka nokuba lubi kakhulu, izimboni eziningi eNdiya ziyathinteka

Ukusabalala okusheshayo kwalolu bhubhane kuye kwanqoba uhlelo lwezokwelapha lwaseNdiya. Abantu abashisa izidumbu emapaki, ogwini lwaseGanges, nasemigwaqweni kuyashaqisa. Njengamanje, ohulumeni basekhaya abangaphezu kwengxenye eNdiya bakhethe “ukuvala idolobha”, ukukhiqiza nokuphila kuye kwamiswa ngokulandelana, futhi izimboni eziningi eziyinhloko eNdiya nazo zibhekene nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.

ISurat itholakala eGujarat, eNdiya. Iningi labantu edolobheni lisebenza emisebenzini ehlobene nezindwangu. Ubhubhane lubi kakhulu, futhi iNdiya isebenzise amazinga ahlukahlukene okuvimbela. Abanye abathengisi bezindwangu baseSurat bathi ibhizinisi labo lehle cishe ngo-90%.

Umthengisi wezindwangu wase-Indian Surat uDinesh Kataria: Kunabathengisi bezindwangu abangu-65,000 eSurat. Uma kubalwa ngokwenani elijwayelekile, imboni yezindwangu yaseSurat ilahlekelwa okungenani amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-48 ngosuku.

Isimo samanje seSurat simane nje siyinto encane embonini yezindwangu yaseNdiya, futhi yonke imboni yezindwangu yaseNdiya ibhekene nokwehla okusheshayo. Ukuqubuka kwesibili kwalesi sifo kubeke isidingo esikhulu sezingubo ngemuva kokukhululeka kwemisebenzi yezomnotho yaphesheya kwezilwandle, futhi inani elikhulu lama-oda ezindwangu aseYurophu naseMelika selidluliselwe.

Kusukela ngo-Ephreli ngonyaka odlule kuya kuMashi kulo nyaka, ukuthunyelwa kwezindwangu nezingubo eNdiya kwehle ngo-12.99% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, kusuka kumadola aseMelika ayizigidigidi ezingu-33.85 kuya kumadola aseMelika ayizigidigidi ezingu-29.45. Phakathi kwazo, ukuthunyelwa kwezindwangu kwehle ngo-20.8%, kanti ukuthunyelwa kwezindwangu kwehle ngo-6.43%.

Ngaphezu kwemboni yezindwangu, imboni yomakhalekhukhwini yaseNdiya nayo ithintekile. Ngokusho kwemibiko yabezindaba bakwamanye amazwe, abasebenzi abangaphezu kwe-100 efektri yaseFoxconn eNdiya batholwe benaleli gciwane. Njengamanje, ukukhiqizwa kwamafoni eselula e-Apple acutshungulwa yile fektri kuncishiswe ngaphezu kwama-50%.

Isitshalo se-OPPO eNdiya naso siyeke ukukhiqiza ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo. Ukwanda kwalesi sifo kubangele ukwehla okusheshayo kwamandla okukhiqiza ezimbonini eziningi zezingcingo eNdiya, futhi izindawo zokusebenzela zokukhiqiza zimisiwe ngokulandelana.

I-India inesihloko esithi “World Pharmaceutical Factory” futhi ikhiqiza cishe u-20% wemithi ejwayelekile yomhlaba. Izinto zayo zokusetshenziswa ziyisixhumanisi esibalulekile kulo lonke uchungechunge lwezimboni zemithi oluxhumene eduze nolwasemuva nolwasemuva. Ubhubhane olusha lomqhele luholele ekwehleni okukhulu kwesilinganiso sokusebenza kwamafektri aseNdiya, kanti izinga lokusebenza labalamuli bemithi baseNdiya kanye nezinkampani ze-API licishe libe ngu-30%.

I-"German Business Week" ibike muva nje ukuthi ngenxa yezinyathelo ezinkulu zokuvalwa kwezwe, izinkampani zemithi zivaliwe, kanti uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwezidakamizwa zaseNdiya ezithunyelwa eYurophu nakwezinye izifunda okwamanje lusesimweni sokuwa.

Ekujuleni kodaka lobhubhane. Iyini ingqikithi “ye-hypoxia” yaseNdiya?

Into ekhathaza kakhulu ngalesi sifo esiwubhubhane eNdiya ukuthi inani elikhulu labantu lafa ngenxa yokushoda komoya-mpilo. Abantu abaningi bashaya umugqa ukuze bathole umoya-mpilo, futhi kwakukhona ngisho nendawo yezifundazwe ezincintisanayo ukuze bathole umoya-mpilo.

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, abantu baseNdiya bazama ukuthola ama-oximeter. Kungani i-India, eyaziwa njengezwe elikhulu lokukhiqiza, ingakwazi ukukhiqiza umoya-mpilo nama-oximeter abantu abawadingayo? Ungakanani umthelela wezomnotho walolu bhubhane e-India? Ingabe kuzothinta ukubuyiselwa komnotho womhlaba?

Akunzima ukukhiqiza umoya-mpilo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, iNdiya ingakhiqiza amathani angaphezu kuka-7,000 omoya-mpilo ngosuku. Lapho ubhubhane luhlasela, ingxenye enkulu yomoya-mpilo owakhiqizwa ekuqaleni yayingasetshenziswanga ezibhedlela. Izinkampani eziningi zaseNdiya zazingenalo ikhono lokushintshela ngokushesha ekukhiqizeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iNdiya yayingenalo inhlangano kazwelonke yokuhlela umoya-mpilo. Ukukhiqiza kanye nomthamo wokuthutha, kukhona ukushoda komoya-mpilo.

Ngokuqondana nje, abezindaba basanda kubika ukuthi i-India ibhekene nokuntuleka kwama-pulse oximeter. Ama-98% ama-oximeter akhona angeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Leli thuluzi elincane elisetshenziselwa ukukala okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo egazini lesiguli alinzima ukulikhiqiza, kodwa umkhiqizo waseNdiya awukwazi ukwanda ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamandla okukhiqiza izesekeli ezihlobene nezinto zokusetshenziswa.

UDing Yifan, umcwaningi e-World Development Research Institute of the Development Research Center of the State Council: Uhlelo lwezimboni lwaseNdiya alunazo izinsiza zokusekela, ikakhulukazi ikhono lokushintsha. Lapho lezi zinkampani zibhekana nezimo ezikhethekile futhi zidinga ukuguqula uchungechunge lwezimboni ukuze zikhiqize, azikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kahle.

Uhulumeni waseNdiya awukaze uyibone inkinga yokukhiqiza okubuthakathaka. Ngo-2011, imboni yokukhiqiza yaseNdiya yayibalelwa cishe ku-16% we-GDP. Uhulumeni waseNdiya uqalise izinhlelo zokwandisa isabelo sokukhiqiza ku-GDP sibe ngu-22% ngo-2022. Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-Indian Brand Equity Foundation, lesi sabelo sizohlala singashintshi ngo-2020, singu-17% kuphela.

ULiu Xiaoxue, umcwaningi ohlangene e-Institute of Asia-Pacific and Global Strategy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, uthe ukukhiqiza kwanamuhla kuyisimiso esikhulu, futhi umhlaba, abasebenzi, kanye nengqalasizinda kuyizinto ezidingekayo zokusekela izimo. Ama-70% omhlaba waseNdiya ungowangasese, futhi inzuzo yabantu ayizange iguqulwe ibe yinzuzo yabasebenzi. Ngesikhathi sobhubhane olukhulu, uhulumeni waseNdiya wasebenzisa amandla ezezimali, okwaholela ekwandeni kwezikweletu zakwamanye amazwe.

Umbiko wakamuva we-International Monetary Fund ukhombisa ukuthi “i-India inesilinganiso sesikweletu esiphezulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwazo zonke izimakethe ezisafufusa”.

Abanye osomnotho balinganisela ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho kwansuku zonke eNdiya kufinyelela kumaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine. Uma ubhubhane lungalawulwa, lungase lubhekane nokulahlekelwa kwezomnotho okungu-5.5 billion wamaRandi njalo ngesonto.

URahul Bagalil, Isazi Sezomnotho SaseNdiya eBarclays Bank e-United Kingdom: Uma singawulawuli ubhubhane noma igagasi lesibili lobhubhane, lesi simo sizoqhubeka kuze kube uJulayi noma u-Agasti, futhi ukulahlekelwa kuzokwanda ngokungalingani futhi kungase kusondele. Cishe amaRandi ayizigidigidi ezingama-90 (cishe ama-yuan ayizigidigidi ezingama-580).

Kusukela ngo-2019, izinga lokungenisa nokuthumela impahla eNdiya lilonke laliyi-2.1% kuphela yenani lomhlaba wonke, lingaphansi kakhulu kunezinye iminotho emikhulu njengeShayina, i-European Union, kanye ne-United States.