N,N-Dimethylformamide CAS 68-12-2
Isingeniso somkhiqizo
I-Dimethylformamide ibizwa ngokuthi i-DMF. Kuyinhlanganisela lapho iqembu le-hydroxyl le-formic acid lithathelwa indawo yiqembu le-dimethylamino, ne-molecular formula HCON(CH3)2. Iwuketshezi lwamaphuzu aphezulu abilayo angenambala futhi olusobala olunephunga elilula le-amine kanye nokuminyana okuhlobene okungu-0.9445 (25℃). Iphuzu lokuncibilika -61℃. Iphoyinti lokubilisa 152.8 ℃. Iphoyinti le-Flash 57.78℃. Ukuminyana komhwamuko 2.51. Umfutho we-vapor 0.49kpa (3.7mmHg25℃). Iphoyinti le-Autoignition lingu-445 ℃. Umkhawulo wokuqhuma kwengxube yesitimu nomoya ngu-2.2 ~ 15.2%. Ukuchayeka emalangabini avulekile nokushisa okuphezulu kungase kubangele ukusha nokuqhuma. Ingasabela ngobudlova nge-sulfuric acid egxilile kanye ne-nitric acid evuthayo futhi iphinde iqhume. Ixubene namanzi nezinyibilikisi eziningi eziphilayo I-Chemicalbook. Kuyi-solvent evamile yokusabela kwamakhemikhali. I-dimethylformamide ehlanzekile ayinalo iphunga, kodwa izinga lezimboni noma i-dimethylformamide ewohlokayo inephunga lezinhlanzi ngoba iqukethe ukungcola kwe-dimethylamine. Igama livela eqinisweni lokuthi liyi-dimethyl esikhundleni se-formamide (i-amide ye-formic acid), futhi womabili amaqembu e-methyl atholakala ku-athomu ye-N (nitrogen). I-Dimethylformamide iyi-polar (hydrophilic) aprotic solvent enephuzu eliphezulu lokubilisa, elingase likhuthaze indlela yokusabela ye-SN2. I-Dimethylformamide yenziwe nge-formic acid ne-dimethylamine. I-Dimethylformamide ayizinzile (ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu) lapho kukhona izisekelo eziqinile njenge-sodium hydroxide noma ama-acids aqinile njenge-hydrochloric acid noma i-sulfuric acid, futhi i-hydrolyzes ibe i-formic acid ne-dimethylamine.
Azinzile emoyeni futhi lapho ishiselwa kuze kube ukubila. Uma izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-350°C, lilahlekelwa amanzi futhi likhiqize i-carbon monoxide ne-dimethylamine. I-N,N-dimethylformamide iyi-aprotic polar solvent enhle kakhulu engancibilikisa izinto eziningi eziphilayo nezingaphili futhi ixubana namanzi, utshwala, ama-aldehyde, ama-ketone, ama-esters, ama-halogenated hydrocarbon nama-hydrocarbon anephunga elimnandi. . Ukuphela kwe-molecule ye-N,N-dimethylformamide enecala elihle lizungezwe amaqembu e-methyl, akha umgoqo we-Chemicalbook wendawo ovimbela ama-ion angalungile ukuthi angasondeli futhi ahlobanise ama-ion amahle kuphela. Ama-anion angenalutho asebenza kakhulu kune-anion exazululiwe. Ukusabela kwe-ionic okuningi kulula ukukwenza ku-N,N-dimethylformamide kunezincibilikisi ezivamile ze-protic. Isibonelo, ama-carboxylate nama-halogenated hydrocarbons asabela ku-N,N-dimethylformamide ekamelweni lokushisa. , ingakhiqiza ama-ester anesivuno esikhulu, futhi ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukuhlanganiswa kwama-ester avinjwe ngokuqinile.
Inkambu yohlelo lokusebenza
I-Dimethylformamide iwuketshezi olungenambala futhi olusobala. Akuyona nje into esetshenziswa kakhulu yamakhemikhali eluhlaza, kodwa futhi iyi-solvent enhle kakhulu enezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa. I-Dimethylformamide iyinto ebalulekile yokusetshenziswa kwemithi, i-petrochemical, isikhumba nezinye izimboni.
Incazelo yokwakha
I-N, N-Dimethylformamide
I-CAS 68-12-2
Inombolo ye-CB: CB2854115
Ifomula yemolekyuli: C3H7NO
Isisindo se-molecule 73.09
Iphuzu elincibilikayo: -61°C (lit.)
Ukujikeleza okuqondile: 0.94º
Indawo yokubilisa: 153°C (lit.)
Ukuminyana: 0.944g/mL (lit.) V
I-apor Chemicalbook Vapor density: 2.5 (vsair)
Ukucindezela komhwamuko: 2.7mmHg ( 20°C) Inkomba ye-Refractive: n20/D1.430(lit.)
Iphoyinti elikhanyayo: 136°
Isitoreji kanye nezinto zokuhamba
Ukupakisha:ngokwezidingo zamaklayenti
Isitoreji: Gcina endaweni eyomile, emnyama futhi engenamoya.
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