I-Tri(octyl/decyl) amine (TA0810)

Izakhiwo

♦ Isimo somzimba:

Ama-Trialkylamines (N235 /7301/TAA/ALAMINE 336) ngokuvamile ayizinto eziwuketshezi noma izinto eziqinile ezingenambala ekushiseni kwegumbi, kuye ngokuthi

ubude kanye nohlobo lwamaqembu e-alkyl.

♦ Iphunga

I-Trialkylamine (N235) ivame ukuba nephunga elinamandla, elifana nelenhlanzi, ikakhulukazi uma ubude be-alkyl chain buphansi.

♦ Ukuncibilika

Ama-Trialkylamines (7301) ngokuvamile ayancibilika ezinyibilikisini eziphilayo ezifana ne-ethanol, i-methanol, ne-chloroform,

kodwa ukuncibilika kwazo emanzini kuyahlukahluka kuye ngamaqembu e-alkyl. Amaqembu amancane e-alkyl andisa amanzi

ukuncibilika, kuyilapho amaqembu amakhulu e-alkyl ekunciphisa.

♦ Isisekelo:

I-Trialkylamine iyizisekelo ezibuthakathaka futhi ingabhekana nokusabela kwe-protonation. Ukubaluleka kwe-trialkyl amine

kuncike emaqenjini e-alkyl kanye nohlobo lwawo lokunikeza noma ukukhipha ama-electron. Ngokuvamile, i-tertiary

ama-amine (ama-trialkyl amine anamaqembu amathathu e-alkyl) alula kakhulu kunama-amine esibili noma ayinhloko.

♦ Ukusabela kabusha:

I-Trialkylamine ingabamba iqhaza ezinhlobonhlobo zezindlela zamakhemikhali. Isibonelo, ingadlula ku-alkylation

ukusabela lapho amaqembu e-alkyl eguqulwa noma eshintshwa. Angaphinde asabelane nama-asidi ukuze akhe usawoti,

futhi zingafakwa i-oxidized ukuze zakhe ama-amine oxides.

♦ Iphuzu lokubila:

Iphuzu lokubila le-trialkyl amine lincike kusayizi kanye nohlobo lwamaqembu e-alkyl. Ngokuvamile,

Ama-trialkyl amines anamaketanga e-alkyl amade anamaphuzu aphezulu okubila ngenxa yamandla akhulayo aphakathi kwama-molecule.

Izicelo

♦ Ama-Catalyst

Ama-Trialkyl amine avame ukusetshenziswa njengezinto ezibangela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali. Angenza kube lula ukusabela okufana nokuthi

ukwenziwa kwe-esterification, ukuguqulwa kwe-esterification, kanye nokwengezwa kukaMichael. Ama-amine aphezulu, ikakhulukazi, aziwa

umsebenzi wazo wokuvuselela ekuguqulweni okuhlukahlukene kwezinto eziphilayo.

♦ Imithi

I-Trialkylamine isetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni amakhemikhali emithi. Ingasetshenziswa njengokwakha

amabhlogo noma izinto ezisiza ekukhiqizweni kwemithi, njengemithi yokulwa namagciwane, imithi yokucindezeleka, imithi yokulwa namagciwane,

kanye nemithi yokubulala izinzwa yendawo.

♦ Izithibi zokugqwala

I-Trialkylamine ingasetshenziswa njengezithibi zokugqwala ukuvikela izinsimbi ekuwohlokeni okubangelwa yi-

ukuchayeka ezindaweni ezigqwalisayo. Zakha ungqimba oluvikelayo phezu kwensimbi, okuvimbela noma

ukunciphisa ukugqwala.

♦ Ama-surfactant

I-Trialkylamine ingasetshenziswa njengezinto ezibangela ukushisa, okuyizinto ezincishisa ukungezwani kobuso phakathi

izinto ezimbili. Zisetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa insipho, ama-emulsifier, izithambisi-ndwangu,

kanye nezinto ezikhipha amagwebu.

♦ Izithasiselo ze-polymer

Ama-Trialkylamine angafakwa kuma-polymer njengezithasiselo zokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zawo.

ukuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka, ukunamathela, kanye nokuzinza kokushisa kwama-polymer, okwenza afaneleke ukusetshenziswa

njengezimbozo, izinamathiseli, kanye nezinto zokuvala.

♦ Ukwelashwa ngegesi

Ama-amine e-alkylated asetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokwelashwa kwegesi, njengokwenza igesi ibe mnandi kanye ne-carbon dioxide (CO2)

ukubamba. Zingamunca amagesi ane-asidi, njenge-hydrogen sulfide (H2S) kanye ne-CO2, avela kugesi yemvelo noma ezimbonini

ukukhishwa kwegesi, okusiza ekuhlanzeni umfudlana wegesi.

♦ Ukwenziwa kwamakhemikhali

I-Trialkylamine iyizinto ezisebenza ngezindlela eziningi ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo. Zingabamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni okufana nokunciphisa

ukuhlanganiswa, i-acylation, kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni kwe-nucleophilic, okuvumela ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene.

♦ Ukwenziwa kwe-polymer:

I-N235 ingasebenza njengabaqalisi noma abahlanganyeli ekuphenduleni kwe-polymerization. Ingasiza

ukwakheka kwama-polymer ngezinqubo ezifana ne-radical polymerization noma i-coordination polymerization.

Inqubo Yomkhiqizo

♦ Ukukhetha izinto zokuqala

Isinyathelo esiyinhloko ukukhetha i-amine eyinhloko noma yesibili efanele, ezohlanganiswa ukuze yakheke

i-trialkyl amine efiselekayo. I-alkylating agent, njenge-alkyl halide (isb., i-alkyl bromide, i-alkyl chloride)

noma i-olefin (isb., i-alkene), nayo ikhethwa ngokusekelwe emaqenjini e-alkyl afunwayo okufanele afakwe.

♦ Ukusabela kwe-Alkylation:

Ukusabela kwe-alkylation kuhilela ukusabela kwe-amine eyinhloko noma yesibili ne-ejenti ye-alkylating.

Ukusabela kungenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene, njengalapho kukhona isinyibilikisi noma i-catalyst.

Izimo zokusabela zingahluka kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izinto ezisabelayo kanye nomkhiqizo owufunayo.

♦ Ukuhlanzwa:

Ngemva kokusabela kwe-alkylation, ingxube yokusabela okungahluziwe ivame ukuhlanzwa ukuze ihlukanise okufunwayo

i-trialkyl amine kusuka kunoma yiziphi izinto zokuqala ezingaphenduliwe noma imikhiqizo eseceleni. Amasu okuhlanza anjenge

i-distillation, i-extract, noma i-chromatography ingasetshenziswa ukuthola umkhiqizo omsulwa.

♦ Ukuchazwa kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezinhlamvu:

I-trialkyl amine eyenziwe yabonakala ngokusebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene okuhlaziya, njenge-spectroscopy

(isb., i-NMR, i-IR) kanye ne-chromatography (isb., i-GC, i-HPLC) ukuqinisekisa ubunjalo bayo kanye nobumsulwa bayo.

 

Ukuhlolwa

♦ Inqubo yokuhlola

• Ukuhlolwa Okungenayo: Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko, ziyahlolwa ngokuqukethwe kwazo, ukubukeka kwazo kanye nokunye

izakhiwo eziyinhloko.

• Ukuhlolwa kokudla: umgomo wokudla izinto zokusetshenziswa kuqala kuqala, kanye nokubonakala

izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko zihlolwa ngokungahleliwe ngokuya ngokuthi kukhona yini ushintsho olukhulu endaweni yokugcina impahla

izimo ngaphambi kokudla.

• Ukuthatha amasampula eqoqweni enqubweni yokukhiqiza: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, izinkomba eziyinhloko zeqoqweni ngalinye

kwemikhiqizo: okuqukethwe kanye nenani le-asidi kuzohlolwa kathathu ngezikhathi ezahlukene.

• Ukuhlolwa Kwesitoreji: Iqoqo ngalinye (amathani ama-4) liyahlolwa ngaphambi kokugcinwa.

• Ukuhlolwa okuphumayo: Ngokwenani elifunwa amakhasimende, imikhiqizo izothathwa amasampula

futhi yahlolwa.

• Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuthunyelwa: ngokwezidingo zekhasimende, ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu kungenziwa

imikhiqizo ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.

♦ Indlela Yokuhlola

• Ukubukeka Komzimba: Ukuhlolwa Kokubona

• Ukuhlaziywa Kobumsulwa: I-Gas chromatography (GC)

• Inani le-asidi: I-Potentiometric titration

• Okuqukethwe kwamanzi: Abahlaziyi bomswakama

• Inkomba Yokubheka: I-Refractometer

• Ubuningi: Imitha yobuningi

Ukumaka, ukupakisha, ukuthunyelwa kanye nokugcinwa

♦ Ukumaka

Iqoqo ngalinye lemikhiqizo kufanele lihambisane nesitifiketi sokuhambisana, okuhlanganisa: igama le-

umenzi, igama lomkhiqizo, inombolo yebhetshi yokukhiqiza, isisindo esiphelele ngomgqomo ngamunye,

izinga lekhwalithi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwenombolo ejwayelekile. isisindo, izinga lekhwalithi kanye nokusetshenziswa

inombolo ejwayelekile.

♦ Ukupakisha

Ipakishwe ezigubhu zepulasitiki ezihlanzekile nezomile, isisindo esiphelele esingu-200±0.3kg ngesigubhu ngasinye noma u-1000±0.5kg, icindezelwe futhi

zivalwe ngemva kweqoqo ngalinye.

♦ Ezokuthutha

Lo mkhiqizo upakishwe ezigubhuni zepulasitiki, ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa nokulayisha/ukukhipha, kufanele uqaphe ngokucophelela

bese ubeka phansi ngobumnene, futhi uvimbele ekushayweni.

♦ Isitoreji

Indawo yokugcina kufanele ipholile, yome futhi ingenise umoya. Ingavimbeli umlilo futhi ingangeni emvuleni.