Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imboni yezokwelapha yaseShayina ithuthuke ngokushesha, futhi ucwaningo olusha lwemithi kanye nentuthuko sekuyisiqondiso esiyinhloko sentuthuko kazwelonke. Njengegatsha lemboni yamakhemikhali, imboni yezokwelapha ezikhungweni zemithi nayo iyimboni ekhuphukayo yemboni yezokwelapha. Ngo-2018, usayizi wemakethe wafinyelela ku-2017B RMB, ngesilinganiso sokukhula esingu-12.3%. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yezokwelapha, imakethe yezokwelapha ezikhungweni zemithi inethuba elihle. Kodwa-ke, imboni yezokwelapha ezikhungweni zemithi yaseShayina ibhekene nobunzima obuningi futhi ayitholi ukunakwa okwanele kanye nokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo ezingeni likazwelonke. Ngokuxazulula izinkinga ezikhona embonini yezokwelapha ezikhungweni zemithi yaseShayina kanye nokuhlanganisa nokuhlaziywa kwedatha yale mboni, sibeka phambili iziphakamiso zenqubomgomo ezifanele zokwandisa nokuqinisa imboni yezokwelapha ezikhungweni zemithi.

Kunezinkinga ezine eziyinhloko embonini yezokwelapha eShayina:

1. Njengenkampani ethumela ngaphandle imikhiqizo yezokwelapha eyinhloko, iShayina neNdiya ngokubambisana zithatha ngaphezu kuka-60% wokunikezwa kwemikhiqizo yezokwelapha emhlabeni jikelele. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza esezingeni eliphakathi ethuthela e-Asia, iShayina ithathe inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yezokwelapha esezingeni eliphakathi kanye nama-api ngenxa yamanani aphansi abasebenzi kanye nentengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa. Ngokuphathelene nokungenisa nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe imikhiqizo yezokwelapha esezingeni eliphakathi, imikhiqizo yezokwelapha yasekhaya ikakhulukazi iyimikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi, kuyilapho imikhiqizo yezinga eliphezulu isancike ekungeniseni. Lesi sibalo esilandelayo sibonisa amanani eyunithi yokungenisa nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe imikhiqizo yezokwelapha esezingeni eliphezulu ngo-2018. Amanani eyunithi yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe aphansi kakhulu kunamanani eyunithi yokungenisa. Ngenxa yokuthi ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yethu ayilungile njengeyamazwe angaphandle, amanye amabhizinisi ezokwelapha asakhetha ukungenisa imikhiqizo yakwamanye amazwe ngamanani aphezulu.

Umthombo: Amasiko aseShayina

2. I-India iyimbangi enkulu embonini yezemithi kanye ne-API yaseShayina, futhi ubudlelwano bayo obujulile bokubambisana namazwe athuthukile eYurophu naseMelika buqine kakhulu kunelaseShayina. Ngokusho kwe-Indian pharmaceutical intermediates, inani lokungeniswa ngonyaka liyi-$18 million, ngaphezu kwama-85% e-intermediates ahlinzekwa yiShayina, inani layo lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe selifinyelele kuma-$300 million, amazwe aphambili okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eYurophu, eMelika, eJapane nakwamanye amazwe athuthukile, athunyelwa e-United States, eJalimane, e-Italy, inani lamazwe amathathu libalelwa ku-46.12% wenani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kanti isilinganiso sasingu-24.7% kuphela eShayina. Ngakho-ke, Ngenkathi ingenisa inani elikhulu lezemithi ezishibhile ezivela eShayina, i-India inikeza amazwe athuthukile eYurophu naseMelika i-intermediates yezemithi esezingeni eliphezulu ngentengo ephezulu. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinkampani zezemithi zaseNdiya ziye zakhuphula kancane kancane ukukhiqizwa kwezemithi ezithuthukile esigabeni sokugcina se-r&d yokuqala, futhi amandla azo e-R&D kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kokubili kungcono kuneyaseShayina. Ukuqina kwe-R&D eNdiya embonini yamakhemikhali amahle kungu-1.8%, okuhambisana nokwaseYurophu, kanti okwaseShayina kungu-0.9%, ngokuvamile kuphansi kunezinga lomhlaba. Ngenxa yokuthi ikhwalithi kanye nohlelo lokuphatha izinto zokusetshenziswa kwemithi eNdiya kuhambisana neYurophu ne-United States, ikhwalithi kanye nokuphepha komkhiqizo wayo kwaziwa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke, futhi ngokukhiqiza okungabizi kakhulu kanye nobuchwepheshe obuqinile, abakhiqizi baseNdiya bavame ukukwazi ukuthola inani elikhulu lezinkontileka zokukhiqiza ezinikezwa ngaphandle. Ngokubambisana okuseduze namazwe athuthukile kanye namabhizinisi aphesheya kwezilwandle, i-India ithole izifundo futhi yamukela imikhuba yemboni ye-PHARMACEUTICAL e-United States, ikhuthaza njalo amabhizinisi ayo ukuqinisa ucwaningo nentuthuko, ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokulungiselela, futhi yakha umjikelezo omuhle wochungechunge lwezimboni. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngenxa yenani eliphansi lemikhiqizo kanye nokuntuleka kolwazi ekubambeni imakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, imboni yezokwelapha yaseShayina kunzima ukwakha ubudlelwano bokubambisana besikhathi eside nobuzinzile namabhizinisi aphesheya kwezilwandle, okuholela ekushodeni kwesisusa sokuthuthukiswa kwe-R&D.

Ngenkathi izimboni zemithi namakhemikhali eShayina zisheshisa ukuthuthukiswa koCWANINGO kanye nentuthuko entsha, amandla ocwaningo kanye nentuthuko yezinkampani ezisebenza ngemithi ayanakwa. Ngenxa yesivinini sokuvuselela okusheshayo kwemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakathi, amabhizinisi adinga ukuthuthukisa njalo nokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo emisha ukuze ahambisane nentuthuko yocwaningo kanye nentuthuko entsha embonini yemithi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwezinqubomgomo zokuvikela imvelo kuye kwanda, ingcindezi kubakhiqizi yokwakha izindawo zokwelapha ukuvikelwa kwemvelo ikhuphukile. Umkhiqizo ophakathi ngo-2017 nango-2018 wehle ngo-10.9% kanye no-20.25%, ngokulandelana, uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule. Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi adinga ukukhulisa inani elengeziwe lemikhiqizo futhi aqaphele kancane kancane ukuhlanganiswa kwezimboni.

3. Izidakamizwa eziyinhloko zemithi eShayina ikakhulukazi izidakamizwa ezilwa namagciwane kanye nezidakamizwa ezilwa namagciwane. Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi, izidakamizwa ezilwa namagciwane zingaphezu kuka-80% wezidakamizwa ezinkulu zemithi eShayina. Phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezikhiqiza ngaphezu kwamathani ayi-1,000, ama-55.9% kwakungamagciwane, ama-24.2% kwakungamakhemikhali alwa namagciwane, kanti ama-10% kwakungamakhemikhali alwa namagciwane kanye ne-metabolic ngokulandelana. Ukukhiqizwa kwezinye izinhlobo zama-antibiotic, njengezidakamizwa zesimiso senhliziyo kanye nezidakamizwa ezilwa nomdlavuza kanye nezidakamizwa ezilwa namagciwane, kwakuphansi kakhulu. Njengoba imboni yezidakamizwa entsha yaseShayina isesesigabeni sokuthuthukiswa, kukhona igebe elisobala phakathi kocwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemithi yokulwa nomdlavuza kanye nemithi elwa namagciwane kanye namazwe athuthukile, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuqhuba ukukhiqizwa kwezidakamizwa ezilwa namagciwane ezivela phansi. Ukuze uzivumelanise nokuthuthukiswa kwezinga lemithi yomhlaba kanye nokulungiswa kwe-spectrum yezifo, imboni yezidakamizwa kufanele iqinise ucwaningo, intuthuko kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezidakamizwa ezilwa namagciwane.

Umthombo wedatha: Inhlangano Yezimboni Zemithi Yamakhemikhali YaseShayina

4. Amabhizinisi okukhiqiza imithi eShayina ikakhulukazi amabhizinisi azimele anezinga elincane lokutshalwa kwezimali, iningi lawo liphakathi kwezigidi eziyi-7 nezingama-20, kanti inani labasebenzi lingaphansi kwe-100. Njengoba inzuzo yokukhiqiza imithi ehlanganisiwe iphezulu kuneyemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, amabhizinisi amaningi amakhemikhali ajoyina ekukhiqizweni kwemithi ehlanganisiwe, okuholela emcimbini wokuncintisana okungahlelekile kule mboni, ukuhlushwa okuphansi kwamabhizinisi, ukusebenza kahle kokwabiwa kwezinsizakusebenza okuphansi kanye nokwakhiwa okuphindaphindiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwenqubomgomo kazwelonke yokuthenga imithi kwenza amabhizinisi kudingeke anciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza kanye namanani okushintshana ngobuningi. Abakhiqizi bezinto zokusetshenziswa abakwazi ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo enenani eliphezulu, futhi kukhona isimo esibi sokuncintisana ngentengo.

Ngenxa yezinkinga ezingenhla, siphakamisa ukuthi imboni yezemithi kufanele inikeze ngokugcwele izinzuzo zaseShayina njengokukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nentengo ephansi yokukhiqiza, futhi yandise ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezemithi ukuze kuqhubeke nokuhlala emakethe yamazwe athuthukile naphezu kwesimo esibi sesimo sobhubhane kwamanye amazwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umbuso kufanele ubeke ukubaluleka emandleni ocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezemithi, futhi ukhuthaze amabhizinisi ukuthi andise uchungechunge lwezimboni futhi athuthukise ngokuphelele imodeli ye-CDMO edinga ubuchwepheshe kanye nemali eningi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezemithi kufanele kuqhutshwe yisidingo esiphansi, futhi inani elengeziwe kanye namandla okuxoxisana kwemikhiqizo kufanele kuthuthukiswe ngokuthatha izimakethe zamazwe athuthukile, kuthuthukiswe amakhono awo ocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokuqinisa ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Indlela yokwandisa uchungechunge lwezimboni oluphezulu noluphansi ayikwazi nje ukuthuthukisa inzuzo yamabhizinisi, kodwa futhi ithuthukise amabhizinisi aphakathi aklanyelwe wona. Lesi sinyathelo singabopha ngokujulile ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo, sithuthukise ukunamathela kwamakhasimende, futhi sihlakulele ubudlelwano bokubambisana besikhathi eside. Amabhizinisi azozuza ekukhuleni okusheshayo kwesidingo esiphansi futhi akhe uhlelo lokukhiqiza oluqhutshwa yisidingo kanye noCWANINGO kanye nentuthuko.