Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imboni yemithi yaseShayina ithuthuke ngokushesha, futhi ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa ezintsha sekuyinkomba eyinhloko yentuthuko yezwe.Njengegatsha lemboni yamakhemikhali, imboni ephakathi kwemithi iphinde ibe imboni ekhuphukayo yemboni yezokwenziwa kwemithi.Ngo-2018, usayizi wemakethe wafinyelela ku-2017B RMB, ngesilinganiso sokukhula esiphakathi kuka-12.3%.Ngokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwemboni yezemithi, imakethe yemithi ephakathi kwemithi inethemba elihle.Nokho, imboni yaseChina ephakathi kwemithi ibhekene nobunzima obuningi futhi ayikwenzi ukuthola ukunakwa okwanele kanye nokwesekwa kwenqubomgomo ezingeni likazwelonke.Ngokuxazulula izinkinga ezikhona embonini yaseShayina ephakathi kwemithi kanye nokuhlanganisa nokuhlaziywa kwedatha yale mboni, sibeka phambili Iziphakamiso zenqubomgomo ezifanele zokwandisa nokuqinisa imboni ephakathi kwezemithi.

Kunezinkinga ezine eziyinhloko embonini yaseShayina ephakathi kwemithi:

1. Njengomdayisi ophambili wabaphakathi kwezemithi, iShayina neNdiya ngokuhlanganyela benza okungaphezu kuka-60% kokuhlinzekwa komhlaba wonke kwabaphakathi kwezemithi. amandla okusebenza aphansi kanye namanani entengo yezinto ezingavuthiwe.Mayelana nokungenisa nokuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe, abaphakathi kwemithi yasekhaya ikakhulukazi yimikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi, kanti imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu isancike ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe.Isibalo esilandelayo sibonisa amanani entengo yeyunithi yokungenisa nokuthekelisa kweminye imikhakha yemithi ngo-2018. Intengo yeyunithi yokuthekelisa iphansi kakhulu kunamanani entengo yeyunithi.Ngenxa yokuthi izinga lemikhiqizo yethu alilihle njengelamazwe angaphandle, amanye amabhizinisi emithi asakhetha ukungenisa imikhiqizo yangaphandle ngamanani aphezulu.

Umthombo: China Customs

2. I-India iyimbangi enkulu embonini yezemithi yaseChina kanye nemboni ye-API, futhi ubudlelwano bayo obujulile bokubambisana namazwe athuthukile eYurophu naseMelika buqine kakhulu kunobuseChina., ngokusho kwabaphakathi kwezemithi baseNdiya inani lonyaka lokungenisa lingama- $ 18 wezigidi, ngaphezu kwama-85% ye-intermediate ihlinzekwa yi-China, inani layo lokuthumela kwamanye amazwe lifinyelele ku-$ 300 million, amazwe amakhulu okuthekelisa eYurophu, eMelika, eJapane nakwamanye amazwe athuthukile, athumela e-United States, eJalimane, e-Italy, inani lamazwe amathathu li-46.12 I-% yazo zonke izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, kuyilapho ingxenye yayingama-24.7% kuphela eShayina.Ngakho-ke, Nakuba ingenisa inani elikhulu labaphakathi kwemithi ebiza amanani aphansi evela e-China, i-India ihlinzeka amazwe athuthukile eYurophu naseMelika ngezinga eliphezulu lemithi ephakathi kwemithi ngentengo ephezulu. Eminyakeni yamuva, izinkampani zemithi zaseNdiya ziye zandisa kancane kancane ukukhiqizwa kwama-intermediate esigabeni sokugcina se-origi.nal r&d, namandla abo e-R&D nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kokubili kungcono kune-China.Ukuqina kwe-R&D yase-India embonini yamakhemikhali emihle ingu-1.8%, ihambisana neyaseYurophu, kuyilapho i-China ingu-0.9%, ngokuvamile iphansi kunezinga lomhlaba. izinga lomkhiqizo walo nokuphepha kwaziwa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke, futhi ngokukhiqiza okungabizi kakhulu kanye nobuchwepheshe obuqinile, abakhiqizi baseNdiya bavame ukukwazi ukuthola inqwaba yezinkontileka zokukhiqiza eziphuma ngaphandle.Ngokubambisana okuseduze namazwe athuthukile kanye namabhizinisi ezizwe eziningi, i-India iye yadonsa. izifundo ezivela futhi zamunca izinqubo zemboni YEZEZIMACEBISO e-United States, njalo iphromotha amabhizinisi ayo ukuze aqinise ucwaningo nentuthuko, athuthukise inqubo yokulungiselela, futhi akhe umjikelezo omuhle wochungechunge lwezimboni.Ngokuphambene, ngenxa yenani eliphansi elingeziwe. kwemikhiqizo kanye nokuntula isipiliyoni sokubamba imakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, i-China's pharmaceutical intermediimboni ye-ates inzima ukwakha ubudlelwano besikhathi eside nobuzinzile bokusebenzisana namabhizinisi ezizwe eziningi, okuholela ekuntulekeni kogqozi lokuthuthukiswa kwe-R&D.

Nakuba izimboni zemithi namakhemikhali eShayina zisheshisa ukuthuthukiswa koCWANINGO nentuthuko emisha, amandla okucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa kwabaphakathi kwezemithi awanakwa.Ngenxa yejubane lokuvuselela ngokushesha lemikhiqizo ephakathi, amabhizinisi kudingeka athuthukise njalo futhi athuthukise imikhiqizo emisha ukuze ayigcine. ijubane nenqubekelaphambili yocwaningo olusha kanye nentuthuko embonini yezemithi.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, njengoba ukuqaliswa kwezinqubomgomo zokuvikela imvelo kuye kwakhula, ingcindezi kubakhiqizi yokwakha izikhungo zokwelapha zokuvikela imvelo iye yanda.Umphumela omaphakathi ngo-2017 no-2018 wehle ngo-10.9% no-20.25%, ngokulandelana, uma uqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule.Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi adinga ukwandisa inani elengeziwe lemikhiqizo futhi kancane kancane abone ukuhlanganiswa kwezimboni.

3. Izinqamuli ezinkulu zemithi eShayina ikakhulukazi ama-antibiotic intermediates kanye nama-vitamin intermediates.Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi, ama-antibiotic intermediate ahlanganisa ngaphezu kwama-80% emithi emikhulu ephakathi kwemithi eShayina.Phakathi kweziphakathi ezinesivuno samathani angaphezu kwe-1,000. , i-55.9% yayiyimithi elwa namagciwane, i-24.2% yayiyi-vitamin intermediate, kanti i-10% yayiyi-antibacterial and metabolic intermediate ngokulandelanayo.Ukukhiqizwa kwezinye izinhlobo zemithi elwa namagciwane, njengemithi ephakathi kwezidakamizwa zesimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kanye nemithi elwa nomdlavuza kanye nemithi elwa namagciwane, kwakuphansi kakhulu.Njengoba imboni yezidakamizwa yaseShayina emisha isesigabeni sokuthuthuka, kunegebe elisobala phakathi kocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa. Imithi elwa nesimila kanye ne-anti-viral kanye namazwe athuthukile, ngakho-ke kunzima ukushayela ukukhiqizwa kwama-intermediates akhuphuka nomfula ukusuka ezansi nomfula. ukuqinisa ucwaningo, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemithi ephakathi kwemithi.

Umthombo wedatha: China Chemical Pharmaceutical Industry Association

4. Amabhizinisi aseShayina aphakathi kwemithi akhiqiza imithi iningi lawo amabhizinisi azimele anesilinganiso esincane sokutshala izimali, iningi lazo eliphakathi kwezigidi ezingu-7 nezingu-20, futhi inani labasebenzi lingaphansi kwe-100. Njengoba inzuzo yokukhiqiza yabaphakathi kwezemithi ingaphezu kwamakhemikhali imikhiqizo, amabhizinisi amaningi amakhemikhali ahlanganyela ekukhiqizeni abaxhumanisi bemithi, okuholela esimweni sokuncintisana okungahlelekile kule mboni, ukugxila kwebhizinisi eliphansi, ukusebenza kahle kokwabiwa kwezinsiza kanye nokwakhiwa okuphindaphindiwe.Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuqaliswa kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zikazwelonke. Inqubomgomo yokuthenga yenza amabhizinisi ehlise izindleko zokukhiqiza kanye nokushintshanisa amanani ngevolumu.Abakhiqizi bempahla eluhlaza abakwazi ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo enenani eliphakeme elingeziwe, futhi kunesimo esibi sokuncintisana kwentengo.

Ngenxa yalezi zinkinga ezingenhla, siphakamisa ukuthi imboni ephakathi kwemithi kufanele inikeze ngokugcwele izinzuzo zaseShayina ezifana nokukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nenani eliphansi lokukhiqiza, futhi inyuse ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwabaphakathi kwezemithi ukuze kuqhubeke imakethe yamazwe athuthukile naphezu kwesimo esibi isimo sobhubhane emazweni angaphandle.Ngasikhathi sinye, umbuso kufanele unamathisele ukubaluleka kumthamo wocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwabaphakathi kwezemithi, futhi ukhuthaze amabhizinisi ukuthi andise uchungechunge lwezimboni futhi athuthukele ngokuphelele kumodeli ye-CDMO edinga kakhulu ezobuchwepheshe futhi edinga imali enkulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yemithi ephakathi nendawo kufanele kugqugquzelwe isidingo esingaphansi komfula, futhi inani elengeziwe namandla okuxoxisana kwemikhiqizo kufanele kuthuthukiswe ngokuthatha izimakethe zamazwe athuthukile, ukuthuthukisa amakhono awo okucwaninga nentuthuko kanye nokuqinisa ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. andise umfula okhuphukayo naphansiuchungechunge lwezimboni olusakazwayo alukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa inzuzo yamabhizinisi, kodwa futhi luthuthukise amabhizinisi aphakathi ngokwezifiso.Lesi sinyathelo singabophezela ngokujulile ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo, kuthuthukise ukunamathela kwamakhasimende, futhi kuhlakulele ubudlelwano bokubambisana besikhathi eside.Amabhizinisi azohlomula ekukhuleni ngokushesha kwesidingo esingaphansi komfula futhi akhe uhlelo lokukhiqiza oluqhutshwa ukufunwa noCWANINGO nentuthuko.