. Ukuqina kwezindwangu okuyinhloko okuyisithupha

1. Ukushesha okulula

Ukuqina kokukhanya kubhekisela ezingeni lokushintsha kombala wezindwangu ezinombala ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga. Indlela yokuhlola ingaba ukuchayeka elangeni noma ukuchayeka emshinini wasemini. Izinga lokuphela kwesampula ngemva kokuchayeka liqhathaniswa nesampula yombala ejwayelekile. Ihlukaniswe ngamazinga angu-8, u-8 ungcono kakhulu, kanti u-1 umbi kakhulu. Izindwangu ezinokuqina kokukhanya okubi akufanele zivezwe elangeni isikhathi eside, futhi kufanele zibekwe endaweni enomoya ukuze zome emthunzini.

2. Ukusheshisa kokuhlikihla

Ukuqina kokuhlikihla kubhekisela ezingeni lokushintsha kombala wezindwangu ezidaywe ngemva kokuhlikihla, okungahlukaniswa ngokuhlikihla okomile kanye nokuhlikihla okumanzi. Ukuqina kokuhlikihla kuhlolwa ngokusekelwe ezingeni lokudaya kwendwangu emhlophe, futhi kuhlukaniswe amazinga ama-5 (1 ~ 5). Uma inani likhulu, kulapho ukuqina kokuhlikihla kungcono khona. Isikhathi senkonzo sezindwangu ezinokuqina kokuhlikihla okubi sinqunyelwe.

3. Ukuzila ukudla okugezayo

Ukuqina kokugeza noma ukusula kubhekisela ezingeni lokushintsha kombala wezindwangu ezidaywe ngemuva kokuwasha ngoketshezi lokuwasha. Ngokuvamile, ikhadi lesampula elimpunga lisetshenziswa njengendinganiso yokuhlola, okungukuthi, umehluko wombala phakathi kwesampula yokuqala nesampula efiphele usetshenziselwa ukwahlulela. Ukuqina kokugeza kuhlukaniswe ngamagremu ama-5, ibanga lesi-5 lingcono kakhulu kanti ibanga loku-1 libi kakhulu. Izindwangu ezinokuqina kokugeza okubi kufanele zihlanzwe. Uma zihlanzwe ngamanzi, izimo zokuwasha kufanele zinakwe kakhulu, njengokuthi izinga lokushisa lokuwasha akufanele libe phezulu kakhulu nesikhathi akufanele sibe side kakhulu.

4. Ukushesha koku-ayina

Ukungasheshi uku-ayina kubhekisela ezingeni lokushintsha kombala noma ukufiphala kwezindwangu ezidaywe ngesikhathi soku-ayina. Izinga lokushintsha kombala nokufiphala lihlolwa ngokudaya kwezinye izindwangu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukungasheshi uku-ayina kuhlukaniswe ngamabanga 1 kuya ku-5, kanti ibanga 5 lihamba phambili kanti ibanga 1 lihamba phambili. Lapho kuhlolwa ukushesha koku-ayina kwezindwangu ezahlukene, izinga lokushisa lensimbi elisetshenziswe esivivinyweni kufanele likhethwe.

5. Ukushesha kokujuluka

Ukushesha kokujuluka kubhekisela ezingeni lokushintsha kombala wezindwangu ezidaywe ngemuva kokucwiliswa emjulukweni. Ukushesha kokujuluka akufani nokwakheka komjuluko okulungiselelwe ngokwenziwa, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile kuhlolwa ngokuhlanganiswa nezinye iziqiniseko zombala ngaphezu kokulinganisa okuhlukile. Ukushesha kokujuluka kuhlukaniswe ngamagremu angu-1-5, uma inani likhulu, kuba ngcono.

6. Ukushesha kwe-Sublimation

Ukuqina kwe-sublimation kubhekisela ezingeni lokuqina kwe-sublimation yezindwangu ezidaywe ezigcinwe. Ukuqina kwe-sublimation kuhlolwa ngekhadi lesampula elimpunga ngezinga lokushintsha kombala, ukufiphala kanye nokudaya kwendwangu emhlophe ngemva kokwelashwa kokucindezela okushisayo okomile. Kunezinhlobo ezi-5, eli-1 libi kakhulu, kanti eli-5 lingcono kakhulu. Ukuqina kwe-dye yezindwangu ezijwayelekile ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuze kufinyelelwe ezingeni lesi-3 kuya kwelesi-4 ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokugqokwa.

, Indlela yokulawula ukushesha okuhlukahlukene

Amandla endwangu okugcina umbala wayo wokuqala ngemva kokudaya angabonakala ngokuhlola ukushesha kwemibala ehlukahlukene. Izinkomba ezivame ukusetshenziswa ukuhlola ukushesha kokudaya zifaka phakathi ukushesha kokuwasha indwangu, ukuhlikihla, ukushesha kwelanga, ukushesha kokuncibilika njalo njalo. Uma ukushesha kungcono ekugezeni, ekuhlikihleni, elangeni kanye nokuncibilika kwendwangu, kulapho ukushesha kwendwangu kuba ngcono khona.

Kunezici ezimbili eziyinhloko ezithinta ukushesha okungenhla:

Okokuqala yizimpawu zodayi

Okwesibili ukwakheka kokudaya kanye nenqubo yokuqeda

Ukukhethwa kwamadayi anezakhiwo ezinhle kuyisisekelo sokuthuthukisa ukushesha kokudaya, futhi ukwakheka kobuchwepheshe bokudaya nokuqeda obufanele kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukushesha kokudaya. Lokhu kokubili kuyahambisana futhi akukwazi ukulinganisela.

Ukushesha kokugeza

Ukushesha kokuwasha kwendwangu kuhlanganisa izici ezimbili: ukushesha okufiphalayo kanye nokushesha kokudaya. Ngokuvamile, lapho ukushesha kokufiphala kwendwangu kukubi, kulapho ukushesha kokudaya kukubi khona.

Uma uhlola ukushesha kombala wendwangu, unganquma ukudaya kombala wefayibha ngokuhlola ukudaya kombala wefayibha kumafayibha endwangu ayisithupha asetshenziswa kakhulu (amafayibha endwangu ayisithupha asetshenziswa kakhulu avame ukufaka i-polyester, i-nylon, ukotini, i-acetate, uboya noma usilika, ifayibha ye-acrylic. Cishe ukuhlolwa kokushesha kombala okunamafayibha ayisithupha ngokuvamile yinkampani yokuhlola yochwepheshe efanelekile ukuze iqede, lokhu kuhlolwa kunokungakhethi okuqondile) kwemikhiqizo yefayibha ye-cellulose, ukushesha kokugeza kwamadayi asabelayo kungcono kunodayi oqondile, amadayi e-azo anganyibiliki kanye nenqubo yokudaya idayi ye-VAT kanye ne-sulfur uma kuqhathaniswa namadayi asabelayo kanye namadayi aqondile kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngemuva kokushesha kokugeza okuthathu okuhle kakhulu kwedayi. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa ukushesha kokugeza kwemikhiqizo yefayibha ye-cellulose, akudingeki nje kuphela ukukhetha idayi efanele, kodwa futhi nokukhetha inqubo efanele yokudaya. Ukuqinisa okufanele kokuwasha, ukulungisa kanye nokufaka insipho kungathuthukisa ukushesha kokugeza.

Ngokuphathelene nombala ojulile we-polyester fiber, inqobo nje uma indwangu incishisiwe futhi ihlanzwa ngokuphelele, ukushesha kokuwasha ngemva kokudaya kungahlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi iningi lendwangu ye-polyester yi-pad cationic organic silicon softener ephelele yokuqeda ukuthuthukisa indwangu izwakala ithambile, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubulili be-anion kuma-dispersants edayi e-dispersant yamadayi endwangu ye-polyester enokushisa okuphezulu ukuqedela umklamo ongadlulisa ukushisa kanye nokusabalala ebusweni be-fiber, ngakho-ke ukuma kwendwangu ye-polyester enombala ojulile ngemva kokuwasha kungaba okungafaneleki. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi ukukhethwa kwamadayi adispersant akufanele kucabangele kuphela ukushesha kwe-sublimation kwamadayi adispersant, kodwa futhi kucabangele ukudluliswa kokushisa kwamadayi adispersant. Kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlola ukushesha kokuwasha kwezindwangu, ngokwezindinganiso ezahlukene zokuhlola ukuhlola ukushesha kokuwasha kwezindwangu, sizothola isiphetho somnyango.

Uma amakhasimende angaphandle ebeka phambili izinkomba ezithile zokuqina kokuwasha, uma ekwazi ukubeka phambili izindinganiso ezithile zokuhlola, kuzoba usizo ekuxhumaneni okubushelelezi phakathi kwezinhlangothi zombili. Ukuhlanza okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokwelashwa ngemuva kokwelashwa kungathuthukisa ukuqina kokuwasha kwendwangu, kodwa futhi kwandise izinga lokunciphisa imboni yokudaya. Ukuthola ezinye izihlanzi ezisebenzayo, ukwakha ngokufanele inqubo yokudaya nokuqeda, kanye nokuqinisa ucwaningo ngenqubo yokugeleza okufushane akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi kunegalelo ekongeni amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa komoya.

Ukushesha kokungqubuzana

Ukuqina kokuhlikihla kwendwangu kufana nokuqina kokuwasha, okuhlanganisa nezici ezimbili:

Enye iwukuqina kwe-dry rub kanti enye iwukuqina kwe-wet rub. Kulula kakhulu ukuhlola ukuqina kwe-dry rub kanye nokuqina kwe-wet rub kwendwangu ngokuqhathanisa nekhadi lesampula elishintsha umbala kanye nekhadi lesampula lokufaka umbala. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokuqina kwe-dry rub cishe liphakeme kunezinga elilodwa lokuqina kwe-wet rub lapho kuhlolwa ukuqina kwe-rub kwendwangu enombala ojulile. Isibonelo, indwangu yekotini edaywe ngodayi oqondile omnyama, yize ngokusebenzisa ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kokulungisa umbala, kodwa ukuqina kwe-dry rub kanye nezinga lokuqina kwe-wet rub aliphezulu kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi alikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kwe-rub, amadayi asabelayo, amadayi e-VAT kanye namadayi e-azo anganyibiliki asetshenziswa kakhulu ekudayiseni. Ukuqinisa ukuhlolwa kwedayi, ukwelashwa kokulungisa kanye nokuwasha insipho kuyizinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuthuthukisa ukuqina kwe-rub kwendwangu. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kwe-wet rub kwemikhiqizo ye-cellulose fiber ejulile egxilile, ama-auxiliary akhethekile angakhethwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kwe-wet rub kwemikhiqizo yendwangu, futhi ukuqina kwe-wet rub kwemikhiqizo kungathuthukiswa ngokusobala ngokucwilisa ama-auxiliary akhethekile emikhiqizweni eqediwe.

Ngemikhiqizo emnyama ye-filament ye-fiber yamakhemikhali, ukuqina kokuhlikihla okumanzi kwemikhiqizo kungathuthukiswa ngokungeza inani elincane le-ejenti yokuvimbela amanzi ye-fluorine lapho umkhiqizo oqediwe usuqediwe. Lapho i-polyamide fiber idaywe ngodayi we-asidi, ukuqina kokuhlikihla okumanzi kwendwangu ye-polyamide kungathuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa i-ejenti yokulungisa ekhethekile ye-nylon fiber. Izinga lokuqina kokuhlikihla okumanzi lingancishiswa ekuhlolweni kokuqina kokuhlikihla okumanzi komkhiqizo oqediwe omnyama ngoba imicu emifushane ebusweni bendwangu yomkhiqizo oqediwe izokhishwa ngokusobala kakhulu kuneminye imikhiqizo.

Ukushesha kwelanga

Ukukhanya kwelanga kune-wave-particle duality futhi kunomthelela omkhulu esakhiweni sama-molecule e-dyestuff ngokudlulisa amandla ngesimo se-photon.

Uma isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sengxenye ye-chromogenic yesakhiwo sedayi sibhujiswa yi-photons, umbala wokukhanya okhishwa umzimba wedayi we-chromogenic uzoshintsha, ngokuvamile umbala uba lula, kuze kube yilapho ungenambala. Ukushintsha kombala wedayi kusobala kakhulu ngaphansi kwesimo sokukhanya kwelanga, futhi ukushesha kokukhanya kwelanga kwedayi kubi kakhulu. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukushesha kokukhanya kwelanga kwedayi, abakhiqizi bedayi basebenzise izindlela eziningi. Ukwandisa isisindo sama-molecule sedayi, kwandisa amathuba okuba yinkimbinkimbi ngaphakathi kwedayi, kwandisa ukulingana kombala wedayi kanye nobude besistimu ye-conjugate kungathuthukisa ukushesha kokukhanya kwedayi.

Kumadayi e-phthalocyanine, angafinyelela ekuqineni kokukhanya kwebanga lesi-8, ukukhanya nokuqina kokukhanya kwamadayi kungathuthukiswa ngokusobala ngokungeza ama-ion ensimbi afanele enkambisweni yokudaya nokuqeda ukwakha ama-molecule ayinkimbinkimbi ngaphakathi kwamadayi. Kumadayi, ukukhetha amadayi anokuqina kokukhanya okungcono kuyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa izinga lokuqina kokukhanya kwelanga lemikhiqizo. Akusobala ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kokukhanya kwezindwangu ngokushintsha inqubo yokudaya nokuqeda.

Ukushesha kwe-Sublimation

Ngokuphathelene nodayi abasabalalisile, isimiso sokudaya semicu ye-polyester sihlukile kwamanye amadayi, ngakho-ke ukushesha kwe-sublimation kungachaza ngqo ukumelana nokushisa kwamadayi abasabalalisile.

Kwamanye amadayi, ukuhlola ukuqina koku-ayina kwamadayi nokuhlola ukuqina koku-ayina kwamadayi kunokubaluleka okufanayo. Ukumelana nodayi nokuqina koku-ayina akukuhle, esimweni esomile esishisayo, isimo esiqinile sedayi kulula ukuhlukaniswa ngqo nengaphakathi le-fiber esimweni segesi. Ngakho-ke ngalo mqondo, ukuqina koku-ayina kwamadayi nakho kungachaza ngokungaqondile ukuqina koku-ayina kwendwangu.

Ukuze sithuthukise ukushesha kokufakwa kwedayi, kumele siqale kulezi zici ezilandelayo:

1, okokuqala ukukhetha udayi

Isisindo sama-molecule sikhulu, futhi isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sedayi sifana noma sifana nesakhiwo sefayibha, okungathuthukisa ukushesha kwe-sublimation kwendwangu.

2, okwesibili ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokudaya nokuqeda

Yehlisa ngokuphelele ubukristalu bengxenye yekristalu yesakhiwo se-macromolecular se-fiber, uthuthukise ubukristalu besifunda esingenawo umfuziselo, ukuze ubukristalu phakathi kwengaphakathi le-fiber buvame ukufana, ukuze udayi ungene ngaphakathi kwe-fiber, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-fiber kufane kakhulu. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa izinga lokulinganisa, kodwa futhi kuthuthukise ukushesha kwe-sublimation kokudaya. Uma ubukristalu bengxenye ngayinye ye-fiber bungalingani ngokwanele, iningi ledayi lihlala esakhiweni esikhululekile sesifunda esingenawo umfuziselo, khona-ke esimweni esibi kakhulu sezimo zangaphandle, udayi unamathuba amaningi okuhlukaniswa nesifunda esingenawo umfuziselo sengaphakathi le-fiber, i-sublimation ebusweni bendwangu, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukushesha kwe-sublimation yendwangu.

Ukukhuhla nokufaka izindwangu zikakotini kanye nokunciphisa nokulungisa kusengaphambili zonke izindwangu ze-polyester kuyizinqubo zokulinganisela ubukhristali bangaphakathi bezintambo. Ngemva kokukhuhla nokufaka indwangu kakotini, ngemva kokuncipha nokulungisa kusengaphambili indwangu ye-polyester, ukujula kokudaya kwayo kanye nokuqina kokudaya kungathuthukiswa kakhulu.

Ukuqina kwendwangu ye-sublimation kungathuthukiswa ngokusobala ngokuqinisa ukwelashwa ngemva kokwelashwa nokuwasha nokususa umbala omningi ontantayo ebusweni. Ukuqina kwendwangu ye-sublimation kungathuthukiswa ngokusobala ngokwehlisa izinga lokushisa lokusetha kahle. Inkinga yokunciphisa ukuzinza kobukhulu bendwangu okubangelwa ukupholisa ingakhokhelwa ngokunciphisa ijubane lokusetha ngokufanele. Kufanele futhi kunakwe umphumela wezithasiselo ekuqineni kokudaya lapho kukhethwa i-ejenti yokuqeda. Isibonelo, lapho kusetshenziswa izithambisi ze-cationic ekuqedeni okuthambile kwezindwangu ze-polyester, ukufuduka kokushisa kwamadayi ahlakazekile kungaholela ekuhlolweni kokuqina kwe-sublimation kwamadayi ahlakazekile ahluleka. Ngokombono wohlobo lokushisa lwedayi ehlakazekile ngokwayo, idayi ehlakazekile eshisa kakhulu inokuqina okungcono kwe-sublimation.