.Ukushesha kwezindwangu okuyisithupha

1. Ukushesha okulula

Ukushesha kokukhanya kubhekisela ezingeni lokushintsha umbala kwezindwangu ezinemibala ngokukhanya kwelanga.Indlela yokuhlola kungaba ukuchayeka elangeni noma ukuchayeka emshinini emini.Idigri efiphalayo yesampula ngemva kokuchayeka iqhathaniswa nesampuli yombala evamile.Ihlukaniswe ngamazinga angu-8, angu-8 ahamba phambili, kanti u-1 yiwona omubi kakhulu.Izindwangu ezingasheshi ukukhanya kahle akufanele zibekwe elangeni isikhathi eside, futhi kufanele zibekwe endaweni engena umoya ukuze zome emthunzini.

2. Ukuhlikihla okusheshayo

Ukushesha ukuhlikihla kubhekisela ezingeni lokushintsha umbala kwezindwangu ezidayiwe ngemva kokuhlikihlwa, ezingahlukaniswa zibe ukuhlikihlwa okomile kanye nokuhlikihlwa okumanzi.Ukushesha kokuhlikihla kuhlolwa ngokususelwe kuzinga lokungcoliswa kwendwangu emhlophe, futhi kuhlukaniswe ngamaleveli angu-5 (1~5).Uma likhulu inani, ngcono ukushesha kokuhlikihla.Impilo yesevisi yezindwangu ezinokusheshisa ukuxubha okumpofu kunqunyelwe.

3. Ukugeza okusheshayo

Ukugeza noma ukushesha kwensipho kusho izinga lokushintsha kombala wezindwangu ezidayiwe ngemva kokugeza ngoketshezi lokuwasha.Ngokuvamile, ikhadi lesampula elisezingeni elimpunga lisetshenziswa njengezinga lokuhlola, okusho ukuthi, umehluko wombala phakathi kwesampula yoqobo kanye nesampula efiphele usetshenziselwa ukwahlulela.Ukushesha ukuwasha kuhlukaniswe ngamabanga angu-5, ibanga lesi-5 lihamba phambili futhi ibanga loku-1 libi kakhulu.Izindwangu ezingasheshi kahle ukuwasha kufanele zihlanzwe ngokoma.Uma zigezwa ngamanzi, izimo zokugeza kufanele zinakwe kakhulu, njengokuthi izinga lokushisa lokugeza akufanele libe phezulu kakhulu futhi isikhathi akufanele sibe side kakhulu.

4. Uku-ayina ukushesha

Ukushesha koku-ayina kubhekisela ezingeni lokushintsha umbala noma ukufiphala kwezindwangu ezidayiwe ngesikhathi soku-ayina.Izinga lokushintsha umbala nokufiphala lihlolwa ukungcoliswa kwensimbi kwezinye izindwangu ngesikhathi esifanayo.Ukusheshisa uku-ayina kuhlukaniswe ngamabanga 1 kuya ku-5, kanti ibanga lesi-5 lihamba phambili futhi ibanga loku-1 libi kakhulu.Lapho kuhlolwa ukushesha koku-ayina kwezindwangu ezihlukene, izinga lokushisa lensimbi elisetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kufanele likhethwe.

5. Ukujuluka ukushesha

Ukushesha ukujuluka kubhekisela ezingeni lokushintsha umbala kwezindwangu ezidayiwe ngemva kokucwiliswa umjuluko.Ukushesha komjuluko akufani nokwakheka komjuluko olungiselelwe ukwenziwa, ngakho-ke kuhlolwa ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswe neminye imibala eqinile ngaphezu kokulinganisa okuhlukile.Ukushesha komjuluko kuhlukaniswe ngamamaki angu-1 ~ 5, inani elikhulu, lingcono.

6. Ukushesha kwe-sublimation

Ukushesha kwe-sublimation kubhekisela ezingeni le-sublimation yezindwangu ezidayiwe endaweni yokugcina.Ukushesha kwe-sublimation kuhlolwa ikhadi lesampula lezinga elimpunga ngezinga lokushintsha umbala, ukufiphala kanye nokungcoliswa kwendwangu emhlophe ngemva kokwelashwa kokucindezela okushisayo okomile.Kunamabanga ama-5, i-1 yimbi kakhulu, kanti i-5 ihamba phambili.Ukushesha kukadayi wezindwangu ezijwayelekile ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuze kufinyelele izinga 3~4 ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokugqoka.

, Indlela yokulawula ukushesha okuhlukahlukene

Ikhono lendwangu yokugcina umbala walo wangempela ngemva kokudaya lingaboniswa ngokuhlola ukushesha kwemibala ehlukahlukene.Izinkomba ezisetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile ukuhlola ukushesha kokudaya zihlanganisa ukushesha kokugeza izindwangu, ukushesha kokuhlikihla, ukushesha kwelanga, ukushesha kwe-sublimation nokunye.Okungcono ukushesha kokugeza, ukuhlikihla, ilanga kanye ne-sublimation yendwangu, kungcono ukushesha kodayi kwendwangu.

Kunezici ezimbili eziyinhloko ezithinta ukushesha okungenhla:

Esokuqala yizici zedayi

Okwesibili ukwakhiwa kwenqubo yokudaya nokuqeda

Ukukhethwa kwamadayi anezakhiwo ezinhle kuyisisekelo sokuthuthukisa ukushesha kokudaya, futhi ukwakhiwa kobuchwepheshe bokudaya obunengqondo nokuqeda kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukushesha kokudaya.Okubili kuyaphelelisana futhi akukwazi ukulingana.

Ukugeza okusheshayo

Ukushesha kokuwasha kwendwangu kuhlanganisa izici ezimbili: ukushesha okufiphalayo kanye nokushesha kwamabala.Ngokuvamile, lapho ukushesha okufiphalayo kubi kakhulu kwendwangu, kuba kubi kakhulu ukushesha kwamabala.

Lapho uhlola ukushesha kombala kwendwangu, ungakwazi ukunquma ukubola kombala wefayibha ngokuhlola ukubola kombala wefayibha emiculweni yendwangu esetshenziswa kakhulu eyisithupha (imicu yendwangu evame ukusetshenziswa eyisithupha ngokuvamile ihlanganisa i-polyester, inayiloni, ukotini, i-acetate, uvolo noma usilika, i-acrylic fibre. Cishe i-fiber enemibala eyisithupha yokuhlola ukushesha kombala ngokuvamile okwenziwa inkampani eqeqeshiwe ezimele yokuhlola ukuze kuqedwe, lokhu kuhlolwa kunomgomo wokungachemi) emikhiqizweni ye-cellulose fiber, ukugeza ukushesha kodayi abasebenzayo kungcono kunodayi oqondile, odayi be-azo abangancibiliki kanye nodayi we-VAT kanye nenqubo yokudaya yesulfure ehlobene nodayi abasebenzayo kanye nodayi abaqondile kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukushesha kokuwasha kukadayi kathathu okuhle kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa ukushesha kokugeza kwemikhiqizo ye-fiber cellulose, akudingekile kuphela ukukhetha udayi ofanele, kodwa futhi nokukhetha inqubo efanele yokudaya.Ukuqiniswa okufanele kokugeza, ukulungisa kanye nensipho ngokusobala kungathuthukisa ukushesha kokugeza.

Ngokuqondene nombala ojulile ogxilile we-polyester fiber, inqobo nje uma indwangu incishisiwe futhi ihlanzwa, ukushesha kokugeza ngemva kokudaya kungahlangabezana nezidingo zekhasimende.Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi iningi lendwangu ye-polyester eyenziwe nge-pad cationic organic silicon softener iqeda ukuqeda ukwenza ngcono indwangu izwakale ithambile, ngasikhathi sinye, ubulili be-anion obusabalalisa ama-disperants odayi wendwangu ye-polyester enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ukuphothula umklamo ongadlulisa ukushisa futhi ukusabalalisa endaweni ye-fiber, ngakho-ke ukwakheka kwendwangu ye-polyester yombala ojulile ngemva kokugeza ukushesha kungase kungafaneleki.Lokhu kudinga ukuthi ukukhethwa kwamadayi ahlakazayo akufanele nje kucabangele ukusheshisa kwe-sublimation kwamadayi ahlakazayo, kodwa futhi kucabangele ukudluliswa kokushisa kwamadayi ahlakazayo.Kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlola ukushesha kokugeza kwezindwangu, ngokwezindinganiso ezihlukene zokuhlola ukuhlola ukushesha kokugeza kwezindwangu, sizothola isiphetho somnyango.

Lapho amakhasimende akwamanye amazwe ebeka phambili izinkomba ezithile zokushesha ukuwasha, uma ekwazi ukubeka phambili izindinganiso ezithile zokuhlola, kuyoba usizo ekukhulumisaneni okushelelayo phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili.Ukugeza okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokwelashwa ngemuva kokwelashwa kungathuthukisa ukushesha kokugeza kwendwangu, kodwa futhi kukhuphule izinga lokunciphisa imboni yokudaya.Ukuthola izinto zokuhlanza ezisebenza kahle, ukwenza ngokunengqondo inqubo yokudaya nokuqeda, nokuqinisa ucwaningo ngenqubo yokugeleza okufushane akukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kodwa kuphinde kube negalelo ekongeni amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwemfucumfucu.

Ukushesha kwefriction

Ukushesha kwendwangu kufana nokushesha kokugeza, okuhlanganisa izici ezimbili:

Enye iwukushesha kokukhuhla okomile kanti enye iwukushesha ukukhuhla okumanzi.Kulula kakhulu ukuhlola ukushesha kokuhlikihla okomile kanye nokushesha kokumanzi kokuhlikihla kwendwangu ngokuqhathanisa nekhadi lesampula elishintsha umbala kanye nekhadi lesampula elingcolisa umbala.Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushesha kokukhuhla okomile lilingana nebanga elilodwa eliphakeme kunalelo lokushesha kokukhuhla okumanzi lapho kuhlolwa ukushesha kokukhuhla kwezindwangu zombala ogxilile ojulile.Udayi oqondile odayiwe ngendwangu kakotini emnyama njengesibonelo, nakuba ngokwelashwa okuphumelelayo kokulungiswa kombala, kodwa ukushesha kokuhlikihla okomile kanye nebanga lokushesha lokuhlikihla okumanzi aliphezulu kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi alikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukushesha kokuhlikihla, odayi abasebenzayo, odayi be-VAT kanye namadayi we-azo angancibiliki asetshenziselwa ukudaya.Ukuqinisa ukuhlolwa kodayi, ukulungisa ukwelashwa kanye nokuwashwa kwensipho kuyizinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuthuthukisa ukushesha kokuhlikihla kwezindwangu.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukushesha kokuhlikihla okumanzi kwemikhiqizo yefiber ye-cellulose egxilile yombala, kungakhethwa abasizi abakhethekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukushesha kokukhuhla okumanzi kwemikhiqizo yendwangu, futhi ukushesha kokuhlikihla okumanzi kwemikhiqizo kungathuthukiswa ngokusobala ngokucwilisa izinsiza ezikhethekile ku imikhiqizo eqediwe.

Ngemikhiqizo emnyama ye-chemical filament filament, ukushesha okumanzi kokuxubha kwemikhiqizo kungathuthukiswa ngokungeza inani elincane le-fluorine ejenti yokuvimbela amanzi lapho umkhiqizo ophelile usuqediwe.Lapho i-polyamide fiber idayiwe ngodayi we-asidi, ukushesha okumanzi kokuhlikihla kwendwangu ye-polyamide kungathuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa i-ejenti yokulungisa ekhethekile yefayibha enayiloni.Ibanga lokushesha lokuhlikihla elimanzi lingase lincishiswe ekuhlolweni kokushesha kokukhuhla okumanzi komkhiqizo oqediwe omnyama ngoba imicu emifushane ebusweni bendwangu yomkhiqizo oqediwe izochithwa ngokusobala kakhulu kuneminye imikhiqizo.

Ukushesha kokukhanya kwelanga

Ukukhanya kwelanga kunobubili bezinhlayiyana zamagagasi futhi kunomthelela onamandla esakhiweni samangqamuzana odayi ngokudlulisela amandla ngendlela ye-photon.

Lapho isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sengxenye ye-chromogenic yesakhiwo sikadayi sibhujiswa ama-photons, umbala wokukhanya okhishwa umzimba we-chromogenic wodayi uzoshintsha, ngokuvamile umbala uba lula, kuze kube yilapho ungenambala.Ukushintsha kombala kadayi kubonakala kakhulu ngaphansi kwesimo sokukhanya kwelanga, futhi ukushesha kodayi welanga kubi nakakhulu.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukushesha kodayi elangeni, abakhiqizi bakadayi sebesebenzise izindlela eziningi.Ukwandisa isisindo samangqamuzana odayi, okwandisa amathuba okuba yinkimbinkimbi ngaphakathi kwedayi, okwandisa ukuhleleka kodayi kanye nobude besistimu ye-conjugate kungathuthukisa ukushesha kokukhanya kwedayi.

Odayi be-phthalocyanine, abangafinyelela ukushesha kokukhanya kwebanga lesi-8, ukukhanya nokushesha kokukhanya kodayi kungathuthukiswa ngokusobala ngokungeza ama-ion ensimbi afanelekile ohlelweni lokudaya nokuqeda ukwenza ama-molecule ayinkimbinkimbi ngaphakathi kodayi.Okwezindwangu, ukukhetha odayi abanokushesha kwelanga okungcono kuyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa izinga lokushesha kwelanga lemikhiqizo.Akubonakali ukuthuthukisa ukushesha kwelanga kwezindwangu ngokushintsha inqubo yokudaya nokuqeda.

Ukushesha kwe-sublimation

Ngokuqondene namadayi ahlakazayo, isimiso sokudaya semicu ye-polyester sihlukile kwamanye amadayi, ngakho-ke ukushesha kwe-sublimation kungachaza ngokuqondile ukumelana nokushisa kwamadayi ahlakazayo.

Kwabanye odayi, ukuhlola uku-ayina okusheshayo kodayi nokuhlola ukushesha kwe-sublimation kodayi kunokubaluleka okufanayo.Ukumelana nedayi ku-sublimation fastness akukuhle, esimweni esishisayo esomile, isimo esiqinile sedayi kulula ukuhlukaniswa ngokuqondile nengaphakathi le-fiber esimweni segesi.Ngakho-ke ngalo mqondo, ukushesha kwe-sublimation kadayi kungachaza ngokungaqondile ukushesha koku-ayina kwendwangu.

Ukuze sithuthukise ukushesha kwe-sublimation kadayi, kufanele siqale kulezi zici ezilandelayo:

1, eyokuqala ukukhetha odayi

Isisindo samangqamuzana esihlobene sikhulu, futhi isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sikadayi sifana noma sifana nesakhiwo se-fiber, esingathuthukisa ukusheshisa kwe-sublimation kwendwangu.

2, okwesibili ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokudaya nokuqeda

Nciphisa ngokugcwele i-crystallinity yengxenye ye-crystalline yesakhiwo se-macromolecular ye-fiber, uthuthukise i-crystallinity yesifunda se-amorphous, ukuze i-crystallinity phakathi kwengaphakathi le-fiber ijwayele ukufana, ukuze udayi ungene ngaphakathi kwe-fiber. , futhi inhlanganisela phakathi kwe-fiber ifana kakhulu.Lokhu akukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa izinga lokulinganisa, kodwa futhi kuthuthukise ukusheshisa kwe-sublimation kokudaya.Uma i-crystallinity yengxenye ngayinye ye-fiber ingalingani ngokwanele, iningi ledayi lihlala esakhiweni esikhululekile sesifunda se-amorphous, khona-ke esimweni esibi kakhulu sezimo zangaphandle, udayi nawo kungenzeka ukuthi uhlukaniswe ne-amorphous. isifunda se-fiber yangaphakathi, i-sublimation ebusweni bendwangu, ngaleyo ndlela inciphisa ukusheshisa kwe-textile sublimation.

Ukukhucululwa kanye ne-mercerizing kwezindwangu zikakotini kanye nokushwabana kwangaphambili kanye nokubunjwa kwangaphambili kwazo zonke izindwangu ze-polyester zonke ziyizinqubo zokulinganisa ubucwebe bangaphakathi bemicu.Ngemva kokukhuhla futhi kusetshenziswe i-mercerizing indwangu kakotini, ngemva kokuncipha kwangaphambili kanye nendwangu ye-polyester enqunywe kusengaphambili, ukujula kwayo kokudaya kanye nokushesha kokudaya kungathuthukiswa kakhulu.udayi

Ukushesha kwendwangu ye-sublimation kungathuthukiswa ngokusobala ngokuqinisa ukwelashwa nokugeza kanye nokususa umbala ontantayo ongaphezulu.I-sublimation fastness yendwangu ingathuthukiswa ngokusobala ngokunciphisa izinga lokushisa lokusetha kahle.Inkinga yokunciphisa ukuzinza kohlangothi kwendwangu okubangelwa ukupholisa inganxeshezelwa ngokunciphisa isivinini sokusetha ngendlela efanele.Ukunakwa kufanele futhi kukhokhwe emthelela wezithasiselo ekudayeni ngokushesha lapho kukhethwa i-ejenti yokuqedela.Isibonelo, lapho izithambisa ze-cationic zisetshenziswa ekuqedeni okuthambile kwezindwangu ze-polyester, ukufuduka okushisayo kwamadayi ahlakazayo kungaholela ekuhlolweni kokushesha kwe-sublimation kodayi abahlakazayo behluleka.Ngokombono wohlobo lokushisa lodayi wokuhlakaza ngokwalo, udayi wokusabalalisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu unokushesha okungcono kwe-sublimation.