Izitimela zempahla zaseShayina-Europe zilethe ama-TEU ayizigidi ezingu-1.35 ngonyaka wonke, okuwukwenyuka kwama-56% esikhathini esifanayo ngo-2019. Inani lezitimela zaminyaka yonke lidlule ku-10,000 okokuqala, kanti isilinganiso sezitimela zanyanga zonke sahlala singaphezu kwe-1,000.

Ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala zalo nyaka, izitimela zempahla phakathi kweShayina neYurophu eMfuleni iYangtze zazichuma kakhulu, kunezitimela ezingu-523 kanye ne-TEU ezingu-50,700 ezithunyelwe, okungaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kwenani enkathini efanayo ngonyaka odlule. Isitimela sempahla phakathi kweShayina neYurophu siyindawo okunzima ukuyithola, futhi sidinga nendawo yokubhuka ilotho.

Kusukela ngoMashi, amakhasimende aseSpain naseJalimane ase-ode amanye amamaski ayizigidi ezingama-40, futhi ukukhiqizwa kuhlelwe kuze kube uMeyi. Lawa ma-oda avela eYurophu azolethwa ngesitimela sempahla saseShayina-Europe. Kodwa-ke, muva nje, umthamo wesitimela sempahla saseShayina-Europe uncane, ikhabhini yokuqala kunzima ukuyithola, ngisho nesidingo sokuthengisa izindaba, ngakho amabhizinisi amaningi endawo okuhweba kwamanye amazwe aphethe isihlalo akhathazekile.

Njengoba ithinteke yizifo eziwumshayabhuqe zaphesheya kwezilwandle, intengo yempahla yolwandle inyukile futhi imizila yempahla yomoya yehliswe kakhulu. Endaweni efanayo, isikhathi sesitimela sempahla phakathi kweShayina neYurophu siyi-1/3 yempahla yolwandle kanti izindleko ziyi-1/5 yempahla yomoya. Ukusebenza kwesitimela sempahla phakathi kweShayina neYurophu kuthandwa kakhulu ngamabhizinisi amaningi endawo.

Njengoba isitimela sempahla esiphakathi kweShayina neYurophu sinciphisa izindleko zamabhizinisi ukuze ahlanganyele ochungechungeni lwezohwebo lomhlaba, ezinye izinkampani ze-e-commerce eziwela imingcele nazo seziqalile ukukhetha isitimela sempahla esiphakathi kweShayina neYurophu. Esikhungweni sokuqapha esisheshayo “esiwela imingcele” e-Yiwu, izimpahla ezivela kumapulatifomu e-e-commerce awela imingcele ziyahlolwa ngaphambi kokuba ziye phesheya ngesitimela sempahla esiphakathi kweShayina neYurophu ziye emazweni afana ne-UK, iFrance, iJalimane, iRussia, iPoland kanye neCzech Republic.

Izinkampani zezohwebo zakwamanye amazwe kanye namapulatifomu e-e-commerce awela imingcele abheke izitimela zempahla zaseShayina-Europe, okwenza ukungabaza kukaWang kube nzima nakakhulu. Inkampani kaMnu. Wang ibilokhu yenza izimpahla zansuku zonke esitimeleni sempahla saseShayina-Europe ukuze zihambe kulo lonke elaseYurophu, lapho izikhala zokuthumela impahla zincane khona. Amamaski athengiswa ngobuningi aseDuisburg, eJalimane, apakishwe futhi aqediwe, futhi uhlelo lokuhlela isitimela sempahla saseShayina-Europe luhlelelwe inyanga yonke.

Selokhu kwaqala ukuqubuka kwe-COVID-19 emhlabeni wonke, kokubili ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngemikhumbi kanye nezindiza kuye kwathinteka kakhulu, kodwa isidingo sezitimela siqhubekile nokukhula. Njengamanje, izitimela zempahla ze-Yiwu China-Europe zinemizila engu-15 esebenzayo, exhumanisa amazwe angu-49 nezifundazwe ezwekazini lase-Eurasia okuhlanganisa iJalimane, iSpain kanye neVietnam. Ngaphezu kwezimpahla zasendaweni, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-100,000 zezimpahla ezinamalebula enziwe eShayina ezivela ezifundazweni nasemadolobheni ayisishiyagalombili, okuhlanganisa iShanghai, iJiangsu kanye ne-Anhui, nazo zizosatshalaliswa e-Yiwu ukuze "zihambe emhlabeni wonke" esitimeleni sempahla seShayina-Europe.

Ngokwezibalo, onyakeni wonke ka-2020, izitimela zempahla zaseShayina-Europe ezingu-974 bezisebenza e-Yiwu, okuhlanganisa izitimela ezihambayo ezingu-891 kanye nezitimela ezibuyayo ezingu-83. Kwathunyelwa amabhokisi ajwayelekile angu-80,392, okukhula konyaka nonyaka okungu-90.2%. Ngo-2021, inani lezitimela zempahla zaseShayina-Europe e-Yiwu libonisa ukuthambekela kokukhula okusheshayo.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle, umnyango wokusebenza wathuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwesitimela sempahla, kanye nenkampani yokuthutha impahla, iqembu lesikhulumi lesitimela sempahla kanye nomnyango wesitimela basebenzisana, okwaphinde kwenza ukuba kusakazwe ngokushesha izicelo zikaWang Hua zalesi sigaba sendawo yokuthumela imaski.

Njengoba izindleko ziphansi kunezokuthutha ngendiza kanye nesikhathi esincane kunezokuthutha ngolwandle, amabhizinisi amaningi e-commerce awela imingcele nawo asebenzisa ithuba lomoya osempumalanga wezitimela zempahla eziphakathi kweShayina neYurophu ukuze asuke, ikakhulukazi ukungenisa izimpahla ezidingekayo eShayina ngokusebenzisa isitimela esibuyayo.

Njengekhasimende elithembekile lesitimela sokubuya e-China-Europe, inkampani yokuhweba esifundazweni saseZhejiang ingenise imikhiqizo yokuhlanza esuka ePortugal iya e-China ngesitimela futhi yandisa kancane kancane imakethe. Kusukela emikhiqizweni emine eyodwa ngo-2017 kuya kwengu-54 manje, eminyakeni embalwa nje, imikhiqizo yabo isifinyelele ukumbozwa okugcwele kwamapulatifomu aku-inthanethi asekhaya, futhi ingene ezitolo ezinkulu ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, futhi ukuthengisa kwabo kuqhubekile nokukhula ngamandla ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esingu-30%.

Njengoba inkampani inezisekelo zokukhiqiza ePortugal, eSpain nasePoland, ngesitimela sokubuya se-“Yihai-New Europe”, ukuhambisana nesikhathi kuye kwaqinisekiswa, futhi eminye imikhiqizo yesizini edingeka ngokushesha ngamakhasimende ingangena emakethe yaseShayina kancane kancane futhi ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

Ngokusebenza ngempumelelo kwe-China-Europe Railway Express ngezindlela ezimbili, ukufakwa phansi ngokhuni, iwayini kanye nezinye "izinto ezikhethekile" zasendaweni eYurophu kulula ukuzifinyelela kubantu abavamile nge-China-Europe Railway Express. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuFebhuwari kulo nyaka, izitimela zokuthutha impahla ezibuyayo zaseZhejiang Sino-Europe zifinyelele ku-104 3560 TEU, kanti izimpahla zezitimela zokuthutha impahla ezibuyayo zaziyizinto zokukhiqiza ikakhulukazi njengokhuni, ithusi le-electrolytic kanye nentambo kakotini.

Esifundazweni saseZhejiang njengamanje, i-china-EU iqeqesha umugqa wokusebenza ku-28, i-UNICOM inamazwe nezifunda ezingu-69, izimpahla zokuthutha zase-Eurasia zihlanganisa ihadiwe, imikhiqizo yendwangu, izingxenye zezimoto, izinto zasekhaya, izimpahla nezinto zokwakha emikhakheni yemishini yobunjiniyela kanye nokuvimbela ubhubhane, futhi iba yisilinganiso somthwalo esikhulu kunazo zonke ezweni, kuya esiqondisweni sokusebenza kanye nesilinganiso sokubuya siphezulu kakhulu, esinye sezilinganiso zokukhula okusheshayo kwezitimela eziphakathi.

Ngenxa yokugeleza okuqhubekayo kwezimpahla zingena futhi ziphuma eSiteshini saseYiwu West, kuzoba nokungena okuphelele kweziqukathi ezingu-150 nsuku zonke ngesikhathi esiphezulu, okwenza umthamo wokugcina wonke we-3000 TEU yeSiteshi saseYiwu West ucishe ugcwale. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwe-CFS, iminyango yesitimela ithatha izinyathelo ezengeziwe ngasikhathi sinye, ngokwandiswa komthamo wegceke leziqukathi, indawo yokugcina izinto, imishini yokulayisha nokulayisha izinto ithuthukisa, yenza umsebenzi wesikole, kubikezelwa ukuthi maphakathi no-2021, umthamo weziqukathi uzokhuphuka usuka ku-15% wamanje, ukusebenza kahle kokulayisha nokulayisha izinto kungandiswa ngo-30%, kungaqinisekisa ngempumelelo isidingo samandla ebhizinisi lokungenisa nokuthumela izinto kwamanye amazwe.

Nakuba kuqinisekiswa amandla okuthutha, ukuvimbela ubhubhane kanye nokubulawa kwezimpahla ezingenisiwe nakho kuyinto eza kuqala enkambisweni yamanje yokusatshalaliswa kwezimpahla. Ngaphezu kokuqedwa kokugonywa kwe-COVID-19 yibo bonke abasebenzi abaphambili, zonke izimpahla ezingenisiwe zizolawulwa futhi zibulawe ngabasebenzi abakhethekile ezindaweni ezihleliwe ze-Yiwu Railway Port ngaphambi kokudluliselwa. Ulwazi lokuthi izimpahla zikuphi luzolandelelwa kuyo yonke inqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izimpahla ezingenisiwe ziyalandelelwa futhi zibhalwe phansi.