Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-dimethyl tiphenylamine, uketshezi olunamafutha angenambala kuya kokukhanya okuphuzi, olunephunga elimnandi, ukufakwa kalula emoyeni emoyeni noma ngaphansi kwelanga nokusebenzisa okuthi ze mnyama.Ukuminyana okuhlobene (20℃/ 4℃) 0.9555, indawo yokubanda 2.0℃, iphoyinti elibilayo 193℃, indawo ekhanyayo (ukuvulwa) 77℃, iphoyinti elikhanyayo 317℃, i-viscosity (25℃) 1.528mpa-s, inkomba ye-refractive (n20D) 1.5584.Incibilika ku-ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene nezinye izinyibilikisi eziphilayo.I-Soluble kuma-organic compounds ahlukahlukene.Incibilika kancane emanzini.I-combuiqinile futhi izovutha uma kuba nelangabi elivulekile.Umhwamuko nomoya kuzokwakha ingxube eqhumayo enomkhawulo wokuqhuma ongu-1.2%~7.0% (vol).Inobuthi obukhulu, futhi igesi ye-aniline enobuthi ikhishwa ukubola kwamandla okushisa aphezulu.Ingamuncwa esikhumbeni futhi ibangele ubuthi, LD501410mg/kg, ukugxila okuphezulu okuvunyelwe emoyeni ngu-5mg/m3.

Indlela yokugcina

1.Izinyathelo Zokuqaphela Isitoreji[25] Gcina endaweni yokugcina impahla epholile, enomoya omuhle.Gcina kude nomlilo nemithombo yokushisa.Gcina isitsha sivaliwe.Kufanele igcinwe ngokuhlukana nama-acids, ama-halogen, namakhemikhali adliwayo, futhi ingalokothi ixutshwe.Ifakwe izinhlobo ezihambisanayo kanye nenani lemishini yokucisha umlilo.Indawo yokugcina kufanele ifakwe izinto zokwelashwa eziphuthumayo zokuvuza nezinto zokukhosela ezifanele.

2. Faka isigubhu sensimbi esivaliwe, 180kg isigubhu ngasinye, bese usigcina endaweni epholile nengena umoya.Gcina futhi uthuthe ngokuvumelana nemithethonqubo yezinto ezivuthayo nezinobuthi.

indlela yokuhlanganisa

1. Itholakala ngokusabela phakathi kwe-aniline ne-methanol phambi kwe-sulfuric acid ekushiseni okuphezulu nokucindezela okukhulu.Ukugeleza kwenqubo:1.I-790kg ye-aniline, i-625kg ye-methanol, i-85kg ye-sulfuric acid (i-ammonium 100%) yengezwa kugedlela lokusabela, izinga lokushisa lokulawula 210-215℃, ingcindezi engu-3.1MPa, isabela ku-4h, bese ikhulula ingcindezi, impahla ikhishwa kusihlukanisi, ingathathi hlangothi nge-30% ye-sodium hydroxide, i-static, futhi usawoti ophansi we-quaternary ammonium uhlukanisiwe.Bese kuba ngu-160℃, 0.7-I-0.9MPa hydrolysis reaction ye-3h, imikhiqizo ye-hydrolysis kanye nongqimba olungaphezulu lwezinto ezinamafutha kuhlanganiswe ngokuwashwa ngemuva kwe-vacuum distillation yomkhiqizo oqediwe.

2. Ukusebenzisa i-methanol ne-aniline njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, ihlanganiswa yi-alumina catalyst ngaphansi kwesimo se-200-250℃nge-methanol eyeqile kanye nomfutho womkhathi.I-quota yokusetshenziswa kwempahla eluhlaza: i-aniline 790kg/t, i-methanol 625kg/t, i-sulfuric acid 85kg/t.Amalungiselelo aselabhorethri angasabela i-aniline ne-trimethyl phosphate.

3. i-aniline ne-methanol ixutshwe (n aniline: n methanol≈1:3), nangephampu yemitha ye-non-pulse ephindaphindayo ejovwe ngesivinini somoya esingu-0.5h-1 kwireactor efakwe i-catalyst, ukuphuma kokusabela kuqala kungene kusihlukanisi segesi esiwuketshezi engilazi, i-s.i-eparator ngaphansi koketshezi oluqoqwe ngezikhathi ezivamile lukhishiwe ukuze kuhlaziywe i-chromatographic.

Ngo-2001, i-Nankai University kanye ne-Tianjin Ruikai Technology Development Co., Ltd. ngokuhlanganyela bakha i-aniline methylation catalyst esebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi baqaphela ukuhlanganiswa kwesigaba segesi se-N,N-dimethyl aniline.Inqubo imi kanje: I-aniline ewuketshezi ixutshwa ne-methanol, ifakwe umhwamuko embhoshongweni wokuhwamuka, bese ingena esikhunjeni esineshubhu esinesivinini somoya esingu-0.5-1.0h-1 (umbhede ongashintshi we-reactor ye-tubular ifakwe nano elayishiwe. -i-catalyst eqinile), futhi ikhiqizwa ngokuqhubekayo ku-250-300℃under ingcindezi yasemkhathini, enesivuno se-DMA esingaphezu kwama-96%.

Indlela yokucwenga: Ivamise ukuqukatha ukungcola okufana ne-aniline ne-N-methyl aniline.I-N,N-dimethylaniline incibilika ku-40% we-sulfuric acid futhi igaywe ngumhwamuko wamanzi.I-sodium hydroxide yengezwa ukuze ibe ne-alkaline.I-distillation iqhutshwa ngomhwamuko wamanzi.I-distillate ihlukaniswa ibe yizingqimba ezinamanzi futhi yomiswe nge-potassium hydroxide.I-distillation yengcindezi evamile yenziwa phambi kwe-acetic anhydride.I-distillate igezwa ngamanzi ukuze isuse iminonjana ye-acetic anhydride, yomiswe nge-potassium hydroxide, ilandelwe yi-barium oxide, futhi ihlanjululwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi encishisiwe phambi komfudlana we-nitrogen.Ezinye izindlela zokucwenga i-distillate zihlanganisa ukungeza i-acetic anhydride engu-10% kanye ne-refluxing amahora ambalwa ukuze kukhishwe ama-amine ayisisekelo nesesibili.Ngemuva kokupholisa, i-hydrochloric acid engaphezu kuka-20% yengezwa futhi ikhishwe nge-ether.Ungqimba lwe-hydrochloric acid luyi-alkaline ne-alkali bese lukhishwa nge-ether, futhi ungqimba lwe-ether lomiswa nge-potassium hydroxide futhi luhlakazwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi encishisiwe ngaphansi komfudlana we-nitrogen.I-N,N-dimethylaniline ingabuye iguqulelwe kusawoti we-picric acid, iphinde ikhiqizwe endaweni encibilikayo engashintshi bese iboliswa ngesixazululo esinamanzi esingu-10% se-sodium hydroxide.Khona-ke ikhishwa nge-ether, igezwe futhi yomiswe, futhi ifakwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi encishisiwe.

5. I-Aniline, i-methanol ne-sulfuric acid exutshwe ngokulingana, ukusabela kwe-condensation ku-autoclave, imikhiqizo yokusabela ngokubuyiswa kwengcindezi ye-methanol, engeza ukungathathi hlangothi kwe-alkali, ukuhlukanisa bese u-distillation ngokunciphisa ingcindezi yokuthola umkhiqizo.

6. I-N,N-dimethylaniline ingakhiqizwa ukusabela kwe-methylation ye-aniline ne-trimethyl phosphate, bese ikhishwa nge-ether, yomisiwe futhi i-distilled.

7. I-N,N-dimethylaniline ingahlanganiswa kumbhede we-catalytic we-Ziegler catalyst ohlelweni lwe-copper-manganese noma isistimu ye-copper-zinc-chromium ku-280℃nengxube ye-aniline ne-methanol ngesilinganiso esingu-1:3.5.I-N,N-dimethylaniline etholiwe yaqoqwa ku-193-195℃emshinini wokucwilisa izinti wamathebhu angama-54 futhi ipakishwe emabhodleleni engilazi ansundu.Ukuze kulungiswe i-N,N-dimethylaniline emsulwa, i-N,N-dimethylaniline ingajovwa ngegesi ye-nitrogen njengegesi yokuthwala ifakwe ku-chromatograph yegesi yokulungisaU-ch unekholomu ye-phosphate yensimbi.

Isicelo main

1. Ingenye yezinto eziyisisekelo zokukhiqiza udayi osuselwa kusawoti (i-triphenylmethane dyestuff, njll.) kanye ne-alkali dyestuff.2. Isetshenziswa njenge-solvent, i-metal preservative, i-ejenti yokwelapha ye-epoxy resin, i-accelerant yokwelapha ye-polyester resin, i-co-catalyst ye-polymerization yama-ethylene compounds, njll. 3. Ibuye isetshenziswe ekulungiseleleni odayi be-alkaline triphenylmethane, ama-azo dyes kanye ne-vanillin, njll. 3. Isetshenziswa njenge-catalyst ekwenzeni i-polyurethane foam ngokubambisana ne-organotin compounds.Ibuye isetshenziswe njenge-catalyst ekwenzeni i-polyurethane foam futhi njengento eluhlaza yomgqugquzeli we-rubber vulcanization, iziqhumane kanye nemithi.I-N,N-Dimethylaniline isetshenziswa embonini yezemithi ukukhiqiza i-cephalosporin V, i-sulfamethoxine N-methoxypyrimidine, i-sulfamethoxine o-dimethoxypyrimidine, i-fluorosporine, njll. Ibuye isetshenziswe embonini yamakha ukukhiqiza i-vanillin.4. Isetshenziswa njenge-accelerator elaphayo ye-epoxy resin, i-polyester resin kanye neglue ye-anaerobic, ukuze ingcina ye-anaerobic iqine ngokushesha.Ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-solvent, i-co-catalyst ye-polymerization ye-ethylene compounds, i-preservative yensimbi, i-ultraviolet absorber yezimonyo, i-photosensitizer, njll. Ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-catalyst yokwenziwa kodayi we-alkali, Hlakaza odayi, odayi be-asidi, odayi abancibilika ngamafutha kanye namakha (vanillin), njll. Ibuye isetshenziswe njengempahla eluhlaza ekwenzeni odayi be-alkaline, odayi abahlakazayo, odayi be-asidi, odayi abancibilika ngamafutha nezinongo (i-vanillin), njll. isetshenziswa njenge-reagent yokunqunywa kwe-photometric ye-nitrite.Ibuye isetshenziswe njenge-solvent, futhi isetshenziswe ku-organic synthesis.6.Isetshenziswa njengama-intermediates odayi, ama-solvents, ama-stabilizer, ama-reagents okuhlaziya.[26]