Ukwenyuka kwamanani kwakamuva akugcini nje ngokuheha amehlo, kodwa nesimo samazwe ngamazwe sidonsela ukunaka okukhulu.

Ukuduma kukawoyela ongahluziwe, imakethe yamakhemikhali iyanda.

Njengoba i-Iraq ne-Saudi Arabia ziqhunyiswa ngamabhomu futhi intengo kawoyela ongahluziwe ifinyelela ku-$70, imakethe yamakhemikhali iphinde yanda. Njengoba imakethe iqhubeka nokukhula, abaningi bayaqagela ngembangela yalokhu “kuhlasela.”

Uma sibheka imakethe yamazwe ngamazwe yamanje, iphethini iyaphithizela kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo zomthelela omusha womqhele kanye nokwahlukana komnotho, umbuso omkhulu waqala ukwethula izijeziso emazweni amaningana. (Ngaso sonke isinyathelo sokwenqatshwa, ucabanga ukuthi umhlaba ungowakho ngempela?)

Izijeziso, ngizwile izikhathi eziningi eminyakeni emibili edlule. Izinkampani zaseShayina ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalombili zengezwe ohlwini lwezijeziso cishe ngo-2020.

Ngokusho kwezindaba zakamuva, i-United States isiqalile futhi ukufaka izijeziso emazweni amaningana, okuyinto ephula kakhulu izintshisekelo zamazwe amaningi futhi ephazamisa ukuhleleka komnotho.

Ngokusho kwe-Financial News Agency, uMnyango Wezohwebo wase-US wamemezela ngoDisemba 2020 ukuthi uzoyivimbela i-DJI ekuthengeni noma ekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe baseMelika. Manje i-DJI UAV yaseShayina ifakiwe ohlwini lwezijeziso, okwaholela ekuxoshweni kwengxenye yesithathu egatsheni layo laseNyakatho Melika, futhi abanye abasebenzi bajoyine izinkampani eziphikisanayo.

Ngikholwa ukuthi ngiyakholwa ukuthi iRussia: Izinkampani eziyi-14 ze-biochemical ohlwini lwezijeziso

Muva nje, i-United States, ikhuluma ngesigameko esithi “i-Navalny incishisiwe”, yabeka izijeziso ezinkampanini ezingu-14 kanye nezikhungo ezibandakanyeka ekukhiqizeni izinto eziphilayo kanye nezamakhemikhali ngesizathu “sokukhiqiza nokucwaninga izikhali eziphilayo kanye nezamakhemikhali”.

Ngikholwa ukuthi ngiyakholwa ukuthi iTurkey: I-oda lika-$1.5 billion liyakhuphuka ngenxa yomusi

UGuanghua Jun ngaphambilini ubhekisele ezindabeni "zokuwa kwezinga lokushintshana kwemali eTurkey". Njengoba kwavela, i-United States yayibeke izijeziso eTurkey ngokuthengiswa kwezikhali ePakistan, ivimbela ukuthunyelwa kwezindiza ezinophephela emhlane ngezinjini zaseMelika, okwaqeda umyalelo we-$1.5 billion. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-United States yabeka esinye isijeziso eTurkey ngokuthenga izinhlelo zaseRussia. Sicela useshe imininingwane.
Lezi zinhlawulo empeleni “azinangqondo”. Ezinye zezinhlawulo zihloselwe izindaba zangaphakathi kanye namalungelo abantu amazwe. Kunezizathu eziningi kakhulu zokuthi izinhlawulo zingangena ebhasikidini elilodwa. Ephendula kulezi zinhlawulo ezingafanele, uMkhulumeli woMnyango Wezangaphandle waseShayina uWang Wenbin uthe:

I-China ibilokhu iphikisana nezinyathelo zokuphoqelela eziqhutshwa ngohlangothi olulodwa, izijeziso eziqhutshwa ngohlangothi olulodwa zithinta kakhulu ukuhleleka kwezepolitiki nezomnotho zomhlaba wonke kanye nohlelo lokubusa lomhlaba wonke, zonakaliswe kakhulu yizijeziso ezibhekiswe emazweni ukuze kuhlanganiswe izinsiza, intuthuko yezomnotho, kanye nemizamo yokuthuthukisa indlela yokuphila yabantu, kubeke impilo engozini, kuphonselwe inselelo ukuzibusa, kulimaza intuthuko, kuyingxenye yokwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu okuqhubekayo, okuhlelekile, nokukhulu.

Ngamanye amazwi, “izijeziso” zithi “Angenzi mali futhi angikuvumeli ukuthi wenze imali”. Izijeziso zizothinta ngokungenakugwenywa i-trade order phakathi kwamazwe. Zizophinde zikhulise ukushoda kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezesekeli futhi zibangele isiphithiphithi samanani emakethe.

Ubani olahlekelwa ngenxa yokushoda komhlaba wonke, imikhawulo yezohwebo kanye nama-oda alahlekile? Njengamanje, iShayina neRussia zombili zisebenzisa isu lokulwa nezijeziso, ngubani ongahleka ekugcineni, impendulo ibhalwe engqondweni yawo wonke umuntu.
Kukhuphuke cishe ngo-85% ngenyanga! Abakhiqizi be-polyester abalokothi bamukele ama-oda!

Ngaphansi kokusekelwa kwezindaba, imakethe yamakhemikhali kusukela kwikota yesine ka-2020 yaqala ukwanda. Njengoba kuvela “ukuhlaselwa”, “izijeziso” nezinye izimo, kuhlangene nobhubhane kuthinta ukuhweba, imakethe yabonakala intula ama-chip, ukuntula izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukunikezwa okuncane kanye nezinye izimo. Ukungazinzi, imakethe yamakhemikhali ngokuyisisekelo izokhuphuka.

Ngokusho kokuqapha kukhombisa ukuthi cishe enyangeni eyodwa, iningi lemboni yamakhemikhali lisaphethwe ukwanda. Imikhiqizo engu-80 ikhule iyonke, phakathi kwayo emithathu ephezulu yile: 1, 4-butanediol (84.75%), n-butanol (ibanga lezimboni) (64.52%), kanye ne-TDI (47.44%).

Ngifingqe ulwazi oluningi mayelana nokwenyuka kwentengo. Njengamanje, singabona uchungechunge lwemboni kawoyela, uchungechunge lwemboni ye-polyurethane kanye nochungechunge lwemboni ye-resin kakhudlwana. Izindaba ezinhle kanye nomthelela wesidingo esingezansi zibonisa ukuthi imikhiqizo engenhla isenamandla akhulayo.

Imininingwane yokwanda kwezinto zokusetshenziswa yilena elandelayo:

1. Ulwazi olukhulayo nge-oyili kanye ne-polyurethane embonini!

Ulwazi lwe-butanediol olu-2, i-silicone, ukukhuphuka kwe-resin!

3 titanium dioxide, ulwazi lwentengo yerabha!

Nokho, uwoyela ongahluziwe wehle kakhulu namuhla, phakathi kokunyuka kwamandla emali kanye nokumelana okuthile phansi komfula. Kodwa ngeBeijing Yanshan Petrochemical yasekhaya (ukulungiswa kokuvalwa ngoMashi 31 izinsuku ezingu-45), iTianjin Dagang Petrochemical (ukulungiswa kokuvalwa ngoMashi 15 izinsuku ezingu-70), kulindeleke ukuthi uwoyela ongahluziwe esikhathini esifushane wehle kancane, kodwa ekupheleni kukaMashi noma ubuyele esimweni esikhuphukayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokwehla kwekusasa likawoyela ongahluziwe, uchungechunge lwemboni ye-polyester nalo lwaqala ukuguquguquka, i-PTA yehla ngama-yuan angu-130-250/ton ngosuku olulodwa, imakethe yase-East China icaphune ama-yuan angu-5770-5800/ton, iNingizimu China icaphune ama-yuan angu-6100-6150/ton. Ngokusho kwezihloko zefayibha yamakhemikhali ezibikiwe, amabhizinisi ezindwangu amanje aphansi ngenxa yezinto zokusetshenziswa eziphezulu, yize i-upstream ibonakale inciphile, kodwa isalokhu ingafuni ukwamukela ama-oda, ingalokothi ikhiqize.

Ngaphandle kochungechunge lwemboni kawoyela ongahluziwe, intengo yama-yuan angu-50-400/ton yehlisiwe, futhi iningi lemikhiqizo libonisa ukuthambekela okukhuphukayo. Kuleli sonto, uchungechunge lwemboni kawoyela ongahluziwe lwezinto zokusetshenziswa lungase lube nendawo encane yokwehla, ungagcina inani elifunekayo.

Ithonya lezindaba eziningi, izinto zokusetshenziswa zanda kakhulu zaba umkhuba!

Ukungalingani phakathi kokunikezwa kanye nesidingo kunzima ukukunciphisa engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka, ukwanda kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kube yinto engenakugwenywa. Imishini yasekhaya isingene esikhathini sokulungiswa, futhi ukwanda kwezijeziso kuholele ekwandeni kwempahla. Kulindeleke ukuthi ukwanda kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ngoMashi kusakhulu.

Ngaphansi kwethonya lemihlangano emibili yamanje, uMkhandlu Kahulumeni wabeka phambili inqubomgomo "yokuzinza okuyisithupha" kanye "nokuphepha okuyisithupha" ukuvimbela ngokuqinile ukuqoqwa nokwenyuswa kwamanani ezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nemikhiqizo yezimboni eyisisekelo, okungaholela engcupheni yokulungiswa kwemakethe.

Kuyaqondakala ukuthi izifundazwe, izinhlangano zezimboni nezentengiselwano ezweni lonke ziyophenya ngokwanda kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, i-National Development and Reform Commission, i-Municipal Bureau of Supervision ngentengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa ukuze kutholakale isimo, ukuqagela okuningi kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ukuze kulandelwe futhi kuhlolwe, intengo yamabhizinisi anonya ukwenza uphenyo oluphikisana nokulawula umbuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimboni ezisezingeni eliphezulu neliphansi zezinto zokusetshenziswa eziyisisekelo zezimboni zikhuthazwa ukuba zakhe indlela yokuxhumanisa amanani ukuze kunqunywe ukuxhumana phakathi kwamanani okusebenza kwenkontileka kanye namanani ezinto zokusetshenziswa, kanye nokuxoxisana ngamanani okungenisa izinto ngobuningi ngokuncika kakhulu ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe, ukuze kugcinwe izinga elijwayelekile lentengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa eziyisisekelo zasekhaya.

Kodwa ngokukhula komdlalo wamazwe ngamazwe, ukungezwani kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kungase kube kubi nakakhulu, uma ubheka isikhathi, noma ngabe kuzoncipha kangakanani.