Njengoba kwabikezelwa abezindaba bokuqala, ubhubhane eNdiya seludlule ngokuphelele ekulawuleni.
Muva nje, ngokusho kwabezindaba baseNdiya, kusukela ngo-Ephreli kulo nyaka inani nje lamacala aqinisekisiwe angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-3.1 zamacala amasha aseNdiya libike, muva nje, amacala aqinisekisiwe avuselelwe nsuku zonke kanye neNdiya zingakapheli amahora angama-24 ngamacala amasha angaphezu kuka-314000, ngisho nangemva kwamacala okuqala emhlabeni wonke i-United States, izwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, ukwanda kosuku olulodwa.

Uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo eNdiya luyawohloka njengoba ubhubhane luqhubeka luba lubi kakhulu.
I-India, eseyizwe lesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni elinamacala aqinisekisiwe alesi sifo, kulindeleke ukuthi yamukele inqubomgomo eqinile yokuvimbela ukutheleleka ngenxa yomthelela omubi walesi sifo.

Kulokhu, abantu emakethe yaseNdiya bakhathazekile ngokuthi i-India "izophinda amaphutha afanayo" futhi iphinda ukwehla okukhulu komnotho okubangelwe ukuvinjelwa kobhubhane ngo-2020. Imboni yezindwangu izoqhubeka nokumisa ukukhiqiza nokucubungula, futhi kuzoba nzima "ukuphinda" uchungechunge lwemboni yezindwangu kusukela eNdiya kuya eShayina.

Isithombe

Isitsha selayisi sensimbi asiqinisekisiwe!
Ibhizinisi le-trillion yuan linikezwa iShayina

Ukukhathazeka kwabahlanganyeli emakethe eNdiya akunangqondo. I-India ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kakotini emhlabeni, umkhiqizi omkhulu kajute futhi imboni yezindwangu ibalulekile emnothweni wayo.

Njengoba ingumkhiqizi wezindwangu wesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, i-India inabantu abaningi futhi isendaweni enhle yokuthuthukisa izimboni eziqinile, ngokusho kwedatha yomphakathi.
I-India ikhiqiza cishe amaphesenti angama-25 okukhiqizwa kwentambo emhlabeni kanye nengxenye yesithathu yokukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke, okwenza ibe ngumkhiqizi wesilika wesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni.
Izindwangu zingenye yezindawo ezingenisa imali yakwamanye amazwe eNdiya, ezibiza cishe amaphesenti ayi-15 empahla ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuleli lizwe.

Njengemboni yendabuko, imboni yezindwangu yaseNdiya ibilokhu ithuthuka njalo eminyakeni yamuva.
Ngo-2019, usayizi wemakethe yezindwangu nezingubo yaseNdiya mkhulu kakhulu, ulinganiselwa ku-$150 billion, futhi abanye ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi esikhathini esizayo uzofinyelela ku-$250 billion, usayizi wemakethe we-trillion-yuan.

Isithombe

Ngokwezibalo, ngo-2019, kwadalwa imisebenzi eqondile nengaqondile eyizigidi ezingu-121, okwenza kwaba umhlinzeki wemisebenzi wesibili ngobukhulu eNdiya ngemuva kwezolimo.
Imboni yezindwangu ihlanganisa cishe amaphesenti amabili omkhiqizo wasekhaya waseNdiya futhi idonsele utshalomali lwangaphandle olubiza cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu emakethe phakathi kuka-2000 no-2018.

Kodwa-ke, intuthuko yemboni yezindwangu yaseNdiya ifinyelele enkingeni yokuma kancane ngenxa yalolu bhubhane.
Ngemva kokuqubuka kwalesi sifo ekuqaleni kuka-2020, i-India kwadingeka ithathe izinyathelo zokuvala lonke izwe, futhi i-India “yavalwa” ngenxa yalesi sifo, okwabangela “ukuvalwa” komnotho isikhathi esingangezinyanga ezintathu.
Inani elikhulu lezimboni eNdiya liye lathinteka kakhulu, futhi umnotho waseNdiya uyaqhubeka nokuhlushwa yilolu bhubhane.

Kuphinde kwathinta kakhulu imboni yezindwangu encike kubasebenzi, kwalahlekelwa ama-oda ngobuningi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitsha ezinkulu ezingaphezu kuka-50,000 zishiywe zingenalutho emachwebeni aseNdiya ngenxa yokumiswa kwezimoto.
Ngenxa yokuthi ayikho indlela yokuqalisa kabusha ukukhiqiza, inani elikhulu lama-oda aphesheya i-India eyayiwatholile ngaphambilini alikwazanga ukulethwa ngesikhathi, okwabangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu.

Isithombe

Kusukela ekusebenzeni kwemakethe, inani elikhulu lamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo endwangu akhanseliwe ama-oda noma awakwazi ukuthatha ama-oda, okuholela ekwehleni kwamathuba okuvula, ukwehla okukhulu kwemali engenayo yenzuzo, noma ngisho nokuqothuka, kanye nokwanda kokungasebenzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kokuthuthuka kwalolu bhubhane, ama-oda amaningi avela eYurophu, e-United States nakwamanye amazwe akhanseliwe noma adluliselwe kwamanye amazwe, noma ukuhlehliswa okungenamkhawulo kokuthunyelwa, okuholele esimweni semboni yezindwangu yaseNdiya esibe sibi kakhulu.

Ngokusho kwedatha ye-UN ekhishwe maphakathi no-2020, i-India ilahlekelwe cishe yizigidi ezingama-400 zamaRandi ekuhwebeni ezinyangeni eziyisithupha nje kuphela, okwalahleka cishe yizigidi ezingama-64 zamaRandi emkhakheni wezindwangu nezingubo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokuqubuka kobhubhane lomhlaba wonke, ukunikezwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa embonini yezindwangu yaseNdiya kuphazamisekile, futhi ukusesha eminye imithombo yezinto zokusetshenziswa kungase kwandise izindleko zemikhiqizo esiqediwe, okunomthelela osobala ekuthengisweni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhwalithi yezindwangu nayo ingathinteka yilolu shintsho, okushiya yonke imboni isesimweni sokungenzi lutho.

Okwamanje, ukuthunyelwa kwezindwangu eNdiya kwamanye amazwe nakho kuthintekile ngenxa yalolu bhubhane.
Njengoba ubhubhane luselubi kakhulu eYurophu, e-United Kingdom nase-United States, okukude kakhulu nokufinyelela umgomo wokuvimbela nokulawula, futhi lezi zindawo ziyizimakethe ezinkulu zokuthunyelwa kwezingubo eNdiya, lokhu kwenza ukuthunyelwa kwendwangu eNdiya kubhekane nezinselele ezinkulu.

Isithombe

Ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo kunomthelela omkhulu emnothweni waseNdiya.
Njengoba uxhaso olunikezwe uhulumeni waseNdiya ngalesi sifo lungazange lukhokhwe ngesikhathi, ukuhleleka kwamabhizinisi athintekile yilesi sifo kuncishisiwe kakhulu futhi ukusinda kunzima, okungaholela ngqo ekuxoshweni kwabantu abacishe babe yizigidi eziyi-10 embonini yezindwangu yaseNdiya.

Lokho i-India eyayingakulindeli ukuthi i-China, eyahola ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni ubhubhane, isibe yimbangi yayo enamandla embonini yezindwangu.
I-India ilahlekelwe yibhizinisi lama-yuan ayizigidigidi ngenxa yalesi sifo.

Kusukela engxenyeni yesibili ka-2020, imboni yezindwangu nezingubo yaseShayina iguqule isimo sokuhamba kancane ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo futhi yangena esigabeni esisha sesikhathi sokuqubuka kwalesi sifo.
Ngokusho kwedatha, kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuDisemba ngo-2020, ukuthengiswa kwezingubo, izicathulo, izigqoko, izinaliti kanye nezindwangu kuzwelonke kudlule ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyi-12, kanti inzuzo iyonke yemboni yezindwangu kuzwelonke ikhuphuke ngo-7.9% unyaka nonyaka yafinyelela kuma-yuan angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-110.

Ulwazi lwempendulo yemakethe lubonisa ukuthi kusukela ngoMeyi 2020, imboni yezingubo yaseShayina ifinyelele ukukhula okuphindwe kathathu ngoJulayi. Inani lama-oda embonini yezingubo yaseShayina likhuphuke ngaphezu kuka-200% unyaka nonyaka, kanti inani lama-oda endwangu nezinto zokusetshenziswa zendwangu likhuphuke ngaphezu kuka-100%. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwemboni yendwangu yaseShayina ngo-2020 kuqhakazile.
Ukuthunyelwa kwezindwangu kwamanye amazwe, okuhlanganisa nezifihla-buso, kufinyelele kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-828.78 kumakota amathathu okuqala ka-2020, okwenyuke ngamaphesenti angu-37.5.
Ukusebenza kwemboni yezindwangu sekukonke kuhle kakhulu.

Isizathu sokuthi kungani kube nemiphumela emihle kangaka, kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko, esinye ukufika kwesizini yokuhweba kwamanye amazwe;
Okwesibili, iShayina izothola ama-oda amaningi aphesheya kwezilwandle ngo-2020, akhiqizwa ekuqaleni eNdiya, eMyanmar, eBangladesh nakwamanye amazwe.

Isithombe

Imboni yezindwangu yaseShayina inezinzuzo ezisobala, kodwa ukushiyeka kudingeka kuxazululwe

IShayina isesimweni esingenakuguqulwa sokuthola le "miyalo ephuthumayo".
Okokuqala, ngo-2020, iShayina izoba umnotho omkhulu kuphela emhlabeni ozoba owokuqala ukuphuma enkingeni yobhubhane futhi ifinyelele ukukhula okuhle.
Lo bhubhane ube nomthelela omkhulu kokubili ezinhlangothini zokuhlinzekwa kanye nokufunwa kwemboni yezindwangu. Ukuqala kabusha umsebenzi nokukhiqiza kweShayina okuphambili kuwukubonakaliswa kwamandla ayo okuvimbela nokulawula aqinile.

Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe abanjwe ukungaqiniseki kwalolu bhubhane kanye nokuphazamiseka ngasikhathi sinye kochungechunge lwezimboni kanye nochungechunge lokuhlinzeka, lapho abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe belungisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-oda ngezinga lomhlaba wonke, iShayina isibe yizwe elibaluleke kakhulu enanini elikhulu lama-oda aphesheya kwezilwandle, okuqinisekisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kochungechunge lwezimboni lwamazwe ngamazwe.

Okwesibili, iShayina inezinzuzo ezisobala ekuthunyelweni kwemikhiqizo edinga abasebenzi abaningi futhi ingumkhiqizi nokuthumela izindwangu kwamanye amazwe omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni.
Ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwalesi sifo, iShayina inikeze amazwe angaphezu kwama-200 imaski yendwangu nezinye izinto zokulwa nobhubhane, kanti iShayina ikwazile ukumelana novivinyo lwe-supply chain eqinile.

Isithombe

Okokugcina kodwa okungabalulekile, intengo kakotini nezinto zokusetshenziswa eShayina iphansi kakhulu futhi inezinzuzo zentengo ezilethwa yizindleko eziphansi.
Ngisho neNdiya ingenisa izinto eziningi zokusetshenziswa kwendwangu ezivela eShayina minyaka yonke.
Ngokusho kwedatha yocwaningo lwemakethe, i-India okwamanje ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulu kangaka semakethe sezinto zokusetshenziswa.

Ngakho-ke, ukuze isekele imboni yayo enkulu yezindwangu, i-India ingenisa izindwangu zokwenziwa ezibiza cishe u-$1 billion, izinkinobho nezinye izesekeli zezindwangu ezivela eShayina minyaka yonke.

Imboni yezindwangu yaseShayina inezinzuzo ezisobala, kodwa ukushiyeka kudingeka kuxazululwe.
Njengomkhiqizi omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni, umthengi kanye nomthengisi wezindwangu nezingubo, iShayina inochungechunge lwezimboni zezindwangu oluphelele kakhulu emhlabeni olunamandla okukhiqiza aphezulu kakhulu kanye nezinga kuzo zonke izixhumanisi zochungechunge lwezimboni.

Kodwa-ke, intuthuko yesixhumanisi ngasinye sochungechunge lwemboni yezindwangu ayilingani. Njengamanje, izinzuzo zemboni yezindwangu yaseShayina zibonakala kakhulu emikhiqizweni ephakathi nendawo nephansi, kunokuba zibonakale emikhiqizweni enenani eliphezulu.
Ngakho-ke, emkhakheni wezindwangu osezingeni eliphezulu, kusadingeka siqhubeke nokucwaninga nokuthuthukisa nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe babo kanye nenqubo, ukusungula izinto ezintsha okuqhubekayo, ukudlala ngezinzuzo zobuchwepheshe baseShayina, ukwakhiwa kweketanga lezimboni eliphelele kakhudlwana.

Isithombe

Phela, embonini yezindwangu, ngaphezu kwezinto ezivamile ezifana noboya bekotini, izindwangu ezingezansi kanye nezingubo eziqondene nomuntu ngamunye, ukuphishekela imikhiqizo emisha ukuze kubanjwe imakethe.
Ngemuva kwalokho, umklamo oqondene nawe, isitayela nokunye kunquma iprimiyamu yomkhiqizo kanye nesivinini sokuthengisa.
Amabhizinisi ezindwangu aseShayina athuthukisa isakhiwo sawo, ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko yobuchwepheshe obusha, inqubo entsha, ukunaka ukuklama, ukumba imodeli entsha yenzuzo, njll., kungenza kube lula kakhulu ukushoda kwabasebenzi.

Imboni yezindwangu yaseShayina inezinzuzo zokuthuthukiswa kwezimo zochungechunge lwezimboni.
EShayina, ubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi yolwazi njenge-Internet of Things, i-big data, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, i-5G kanye ne-cloud computing buthuthuka ngesivinini esikhulu. Lobu buchwepheshe bushintsha indlela yokuphila yabantu kanye namamodeli okuthuthukiswa komnotho.
Enkambisweni yokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, ibhizinisi lomhlaba wonke lochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngempahla kulindeleke ukuthi lenze ngcono izinqubo zobuchwepheshe, linciphise isidingo sabasebenzi, lithuthukise umkhiqizo, futhi lidlale indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuncintisana kwamazwe ngamazwe embonini yezindwangu.

Nakuba esikhathini esifushane, ubhubhane lulethe umthelela omkhulu kanye nomthelela embonini yezindwangu yomhlaba wonke futhi imakethe igcwele ukungaqiniseki, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubhubhane luzosheshisa inqubo yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kanye nobuhlakani embonini yezindwangu futhi luthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuphathwa kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwebhizinisi.

Njengamanje, yize iningi lalawa ma-oda “kungama-oda aphuthumayo”, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi angahlala eShayina isikhathi eside esikhathini sangemva kobhubhane noma ngemva kokuphela kobhubhane, kusenendawo enkulu okufanele siyilwele.
Nakuba ngokukhula kancane kancane komnotho waseShayina, embonini yezindwangu, evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ngabasebenzi, iShayina ayinalo ithuba ngezindleko zabasebenzi.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imakethe enkulu yezindwangu yama-yuan ayi-trillion eyodwa “inikelwe” eShayina, iNdiya ngokwayo nayo ikhathazekile kakhulu.
Naphezu kobhubhane, ingase ikwazi ukumelana nengcindezi yokuphinda ibambe ama-oda aphesheya kwezilwandle.
Ngakho-ke, uma sibhekene neso laseNdiya ngokuhaha, singaboni nhlobo, ukugcina ama-oda ezindwangu isikhathi eside, inselele enzima amabhizinisi ezindwangu aseShayina okudingeka abhekane nayo.

Isithombe

Njengoba singena enkathini yangemva kobhubhane, ukululama kwemboni yezindwangu yomhlaba wonke kuyinselele

Ngaphansi komthelela wobhubhane lomhlaba kanye nezepolitiki zomhlaba, isimo samanje sokuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe sibi kakhulu futhi ukuncintisana kwamazwe ngamazwe nakho kukhulu kakhulu. Esikhathini sangemva kobhubhane, ukululama kwemboni yezindwangu yomhlaba wonke kusabhekene nezinselele.
Ngokuphathelene nezinselele, kunezinselele zesikhashana kanye nezesikhathi eside.

Ubhubhane lomhlaba wonke usaqhubeka, umnotho womhlaba usekuwohlokeni okukhulu komnotho, ukuvikelwa kwezohwebo kuyakhula, futhi izingxabano zezwe ziyajula. Isisekelo sokululama kwezimboni ezahlukene asikaqini, imboni yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngempahla lubhekana nokulungiswa okujulile, futhi izici zokungaqiniseki nokungazinzi ziyanda.

Isibonelo, ukuthunyelwa kwezindwangu kwamanye amazwe e-United States, i-European Union, i-India, iMyanmar, iBangladesh namanye amazwe kuye kwanda ngenxa yomthelela wobhubhane kanye nezici zezepolitiki. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobhubhane, ukuthunyelwa kwezindwangu kwamanye amazwe akukabuyeli ezingeni elidlule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela eqinisweni lobhubhane, ukululama esikhathini esizayo kuzothatha isikhathi.

Isithombe

Ngo-2020, ukuthengiswa kwezingubo nezingubo e-United States kuzokwehla ngo-26% unyaka nonyaka, cishe amaRandi ayizigidigidi ezingama-200.
Ukuthengiswa kwezindwangu e-EU kwehle ngamaphesenti angama-24.4 ngonyaka.
Kusukela emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, imakethe yokusetshenziswa kwezingubo zomhlaba wonke ibhekane nezinkinga, i-United States, ukungeniswa kwezingubo e-EU nakho kwehlile.

Nakuba ngoJuni 30, 2020, i-India yanciphisa kancane kancane izinyathelo zokulawula futhi yamemezela ukuthi isingene esigabeni esithi “Unlockable 2.0″, isadinga isikhathi sokuba imboni yezindwangu yaseNdiya, eyayihlushwa ukuphazamiseka kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla, ibuyise ngokugcwele imisebenzi yezomnotho esikhathini esidlule ngaphansi kwesimo samanje sobhubhane olungaphandle kokulawulwa, futhi ayikho indlela yokukwenza esikhathini esifushane.

Selokhu kwaqubuka udlame eMyanmar mhla lu-1 kuNhlolanja kulo nyaka, umnotho waseMyanmar ubulokhu umile noma ubuyela emuva, futhi ukuthunyelwa kwawo kwamanye amazwe kuye kwamiswa.
Imboni yezindwangu nezingubo eBurma ibhekene nezinkinga ezinkulu ezibangelwa yizinxushunxushu, okuphoqa ezinye zezinkampani ezinkulu zezingubo emhlabeni ukuthi zimemezele ukuthi zimisa wonke ama-oda ezweni futhi zifuna amanye amazwe azowathatha indawo yawo.

Namuhla, njengoba imboni yezindwangu idlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni waseMyanmar, izinkinga ezinkulu ezibhekene nemboni yezindwangu eMyanmar zinomthelela omkhulu emnothweni wezwe.

Isithombe

Khonamanjalo, iBangladesh, enemboni yezindwangu yesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngemuva kweShayina, ibilokhu yenza kahle.
Imboni yezindwangu iwumthombo oyinhloko wemali engenayo evela kwamanye amazwe eBangladesh, kodwa lolu bhubhane luphinde lwaphambukisa amanye ama-oda avela kuleli lizwe aya eShayina.

IBangladesh iqalise "ukuvalwa kwedolobha" kuzwelonke ngomhlaka-5 Ephreli kulo nyaka ngenxa ye-COVID-19 eyandayo.
Ngokwezibalo, ngo-2019 kuphela, iBangladesh yathumela kakhulu izindwangu eYurophu nase-United States, ngenani lamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-130.1.

Njengamanje, ukuphikisana nezinkinga eziqongelelwe isikhathi eside embonini yezindwangu yaseShayina kusobala kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwesimo esisha sokushintsha komhlaba wonke, kubalulekile ukuthi imboni yezindwangu yaseShayina iqhubeke nokunikeza izinzuzo zokuncintisana zendabuko, ithole izinzuzo ezintsha zokuncintisana, futhi yakhe uchungechunge lwezimboni oluphelele noluhlakaniphe kakhulu, oluyindlela edingekayo yentuthuko esimeme yemboni.

Isithombe

Njengamanje, ubudlelwano phakathi kweShayina ne-United States kanye neYurophu busesigabeni esingaqinisekile. I-United States kanye namanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga asungule imibono eshisayo ngokotini eXinjiang, okuthinte ukuhweba ngokotini kwamanye amazwe eXinjiang.
Eqinisweni, lokho amazwe aseNtshonalanga akuhlose ngempela imboni yezindwangu yaseShayina, futhi manje izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe ziyekile ukuthumela izinto zokusetshenziswa eShayina ukuze zizame ukuvimbela intuthuko yaseShayina.

Naphezu kwalokhu, iShayina ngeke intengantenge ekuzimiseleni kwayo ukuvula kabanzi emhlabeni wangaphandle nokuthuthukisa umnotho wayo.
Okufanelekile ukulindela ukuthi imboni yezindwangu nezingubo yaseShayina ifuna izindawo ezintsha zokukhula kwemakethe, njenge-RCEP kanye namazwe athi “One Belt And One Road”, ukuze kukhuthazwe intuthuko eqhubekayo yemboni yezindwangu nezingubo yaseShayina, futhi imiphumela yokuqala isifinyelelwe.

Esikhathini sangemva kobhubhane, ukuvimbela nokulawula ubhubhane kanye nokuxokozela okuphindaphindiwe kobudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe kube nomthelela omkhulu kuzo zonke izimboni.
Izinsizakusebenza zomhlaba wonke ziyashesha

Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa futhi kwahlelwa kabusha, imboni yezindwangu yomhlaba wonke yaqala kabusha ukululama, isu elibalulekile lokuthuthukisa ukuzinza kanye nokuncintisana kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwezimboni.

Isithombe

Njengoba kubhekene nezinselele eziningi kanye nezinguquko ezingakaze zibonwe emhlabeni, ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kuye kwasheshisa intuthuko yemboni yezindwangu emhlabeni wonke, futhi intuthuko eqhubekayo yale mboni iye yaba yinto ebalulekile.
Ukuze sifeze lokhu, sidinga ukukhuthaza ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke emhlabeni jikelele, senqabe ngokuqinile ukuvikelwa kwezohwebo, futhi siqhubeke nokusungula izinto ezintsha emkhakheni wentuthuko esimeme.